CN116914411B - Magneto-dielectric material optimization-based 5G antenna manufacturing method, device and apparatus - Google Patents
Magneto-dielectric material optimization-based 5G antenna manufacturing method, device and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
- C04B35/2658—Other ferrites containing manganese or zinc, e.g. Mn-Zn ferrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
- H01F1/0311—Compounds
- H01F1/0313—Oxidic compounds
- H01F1/0315—Ferrites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a 5G antenna manufacturing method, a device and a device based on magneto-dielectric material optimization, belonging to the field of microwave device manufacturing, comprising the following steps: the 18H hexaferrite suitable for the Sub-6 GHz band is prepared through metal ion substitution and preparation step optimization; the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling the grain size distribution and the optimization of air hole distribution; the method is used for regulating and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects; the device is used for regulating and controlling the occupation distribution of metal ions; and (3) taking the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite obtained by optimizing the preparation steps as a 5G antenna base material to manufacture the 5G antenna. The invention improves the antenna base material and provides a new method for manufacturing miniaturized 5G antennas and other microwave devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave device manufacturing, in particular to a 5G antenna manufacturing method, device and device based on magneto-dielectric material optimization.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems applied to electronic consumer products, internet of things, intelligent driving and implantable electronic devices, the next generation of wireless communication systems has urgent demands for high frequency, wide bandwidth, miniaturization and light weight of antennas. Since the size of an antenna is mainly determined by the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in an antenna substrate, high dielectric constant materials are widely used in the field of miniaturization of antennas. However, there are two significant problems with high dielectric materials: firstly, electric field energy concentration and surface wave excitation lead to reduced antenna efficiency and narrow bandwidth; and secondly, the characteristic impedance of the high dielectric material is greatly different from the characteristic impedance of the environment, so that the impedance matching is difficult.
The microwave magneto-dielectric material refers to a material with relative magnetic permeability and relative dielectric constant which are both larger than 1 in the microwave frequency band. Since the permittivity and permeability have similar effects on reducing the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, the microwave magneto-dielectric material has great potential application value in the field of antenna miniaturization.
Hexaferrite is one type of microwave magneto-dielectric material. At present, tauber et al found a novel hexaferrite with the chemical formula Ba 5 Me 2 Ti 3 Fe 12 O 31 (me= Mg, mn, co, ni, cu, zn, etc.). This particular hexaferrite unit cell comprises a two unit formula wherein 18 layers of close-packed sites are surrounded by 62O' s 2- And 10 Ba 2+ Occupied, while the remaining metal cations are distributed over O 2- The gaps between them are therefore also called 18H hexaferrite. In fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1 (a), the crystal structure thereof can be regarded as a hexagonal barium titanate block having three oxygen layers interposed between T blocks of a Y-type hexagonal ferrite unit cell structure. Most of the known 18H hexaferrites (except Cu 18H) exhibit planar magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This means that 18H hexaferrite is a potentially cobalt-free microwave material that can be used as a nontoxic and low cost alternative to most microwave hexaferrites.
However, until now, little research has been done on 18H hexaferrite, and most stay in the crystal structure and static magnetic properties, with little research on its microwave magneto-dielectric properties. The device application is oriented, and no related technical scheme exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a 5G antenna manufacturing method, a device and a device based on magneto-dielectric material optimization, improves an antenna substrate, and provides a novel method for manufacturing a miniaturized 5G antenna and other microwave devices.
The invention aims at realizing the following scheme:
A5G antenna manufacturing method based on magneto-dielectric material optimization comprises the following steps:
the 18H hexaferrite suitable for the Sub-6 GHz band is prepared through metal ion substitution and preparation step optimization; the metal ion includes Mn 2+ 、Zn 2+ And when the metal ion is Mn 2+ 、Zn 2+ When the ferrite is applied to the Sub-6 GHz wave band, the 18H hexaferrite is expressed as Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite; by changing the atomic ratio of Mg to Zn, the optimal working frequency band for the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite covers the whole S wave band;
the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling grain size distribution and air hole distribution; the method is used for regulating and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects; the device is used for regulating and controlling the occupation distribution of metal ions;
and (3) taking the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite obtained by optimizing the preparation steps as a 5G antenna base material to manufacture the 5G antenna.
Further, the metal ions also include Sr 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cu 2+ And Cr (V) 3+ Any one of them.
Further, the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling the grain size distribution and the pore distribution, and specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
firstly, heating an 18H hexaferrite sample obtained by metal ion substitution to a temperature T1 and keeping for a time T1;
second, cooling the sample for a time T2 and maintaining the temperature T2 until the sample is densified;
wherein T1 is greater than T2, and T1 is less than T2.
Further, in the process of optimizing the preparation step, the steps of adjusting and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects specifically comprise the following steps: when the temperature of the sample is monitored to be higher than the Curie temperature, a magnetic field is applied to the sample, and the magnetic moment of the sample is turned to the external field direction by utilizing the magnetic field; then quenching, the magnetic moment is frozen in the direction of the external magnetic field by quenching.
Further, in the preparation step optimization process, the metal ion occupation distribution regulation specifically comprises the following sub-steps: cooling the sample in an oxidizing atmosphere for controlling Mg 2+ The ions in the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite occupy place.
Further, the mode of synthesizing the 18H hexaferrite material adopts a solid phase reaction method of a ceramic preparation process.
Further, after the optimization of the preparation step, the method further comprises the steps of: the characterization test method comprises any one or more of X-ray diffraction XRD, scanning transmission electron microscope STEM, field emission scanning electron microscope FESEM, wavelength dispersion X-ray spectrum WDS, X-ray photoelectron spectrum XPS, thermogravimetric analysis TGA, physical property measurement system PPMS, vibrating sample magnetometer VSM, vector network analyzer VNA and impedance analyzer.
Further, in the process of regulating and controlling the metal ion occupation distribution, the method further comprises the following sub-steps: and determining the occupation of metal ions by using a Musburger spectrum, and determining the relation between the substitution and occupation distribution of the metal ions and the magnetic dielectric characteristics of the 18H hexaferrite by using a physical property measurement system PPMS, a vibrating sample magnetometer VSM and a vector network analyzer VNA.
A device optimized based on a magneto-dielectric material, wherein the device is manufactured by adopting the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite prepared by the method.
An apparatus based on magneto-dielectric material optimization, the apparatus employing a magneto-dielectric material optimized device as described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the invention provides a novel method for manufacturing a miniaturized 5G antenna from the perspective of improving an antenna substrate, realizes preparation of 18H hexaferrite with high cut-off frequency, high magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant and low loss and regulation and optimization of microwave performance, provides material support for the broadband and miniaturized 5G antenna, and provides a 5G antenna manufacturing method, device and device based on magneto-dielectric material optimization for the relatively blank field at present.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a hexaferrite; in FIG. 1, (a) is Mg18H hexaferrite (Ba 5 Mg 2 Ti 3 Fe 12 O 31 ) The crystal structure of the alloy is that Ba is barium, mg is magnesium, ti is titanium, fe is iron, and O is oxygen; (b) Is Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite (Ba) 5 Mg 2x Zn x Ti 3 Fe 12 O 31 ) A magnetic spectrum at 0.1-10GHz, (b) wherein the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate [ mu ] represents the real part of magnetic permeability, [ mu ] '' represents the imaginary part of magnetic permeability, X is the material formula proportion, (c) is a dielectric spectrum, (c) wherein the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate [ epsilon ] represents the real part of dielectric constant, [ epsilon ] represents the imaginary part of dielectric constant, and X is the material formula proportion; (d) For the magneto-dielectric properties, miniaturization factors and figure of merit of Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite at the optimum application frequency, (d) the abscissa indicates the material formulation ratio, the ordinate tan delta indicates the material loss tangent, and FOM indicates the figure of merit of the material.
Fig. 2 is a comparison of antenna performance; in fig. 2, (a) is a Mg18H hexaferrite based 3.6 GHz patch antenna; (b) is a three-dimensional antenna gain pattern; (c) For simulating and measuring reflection coefficient S 11 The abscissa in (c) represents the frequency and the ordinate represents the reflection coefficient S 11 。
FIG. 3 is a comparison of 18H hexaferrite; in FIG. 3, (a) is Mg18H hexaferrite (Ba 5 Mg 2 Ti 3 Fe 12 O 31 ) A crystal structure; (b) is a microscopic morphology; (c) Is of several types of magnetic mediaOf electric materialm'QA value and a figure of merit, wherein the abscissa in (b) is frequency and the ordinate is the product of the real part of permeability and the figure of merit; (d) Is Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite (Ba) 5 Mg 2x Zn x Ti 3 Fe 12 O 31 ) In a magnetic spectrum of 0.1-10GHz, (d) the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate [ mu ] represents the real part of magnetic permeability, [ mu ] represents the imaginary part of magnetic permeability, and X is the material formula proportion; (e) For dielectric spectrum, (e) the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate epsilon' represents the real part of the dielectric constant, epsilon″ represents the imaginary part of the dielectric constant, and X is the material formulation ratio.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the effect of controlling grain size and relative density; in fig. 4, (a) is a comparison of the relative density and the grain size of co—ti BaM obtained by the two-step sintering process and the one-step sintering process, and (a) is the relative density on the abscissa and the grain size on the ordinate. first step sintering denotes a first-step sintering, second step sintering denotes a second-step sintering, and one step sintering denotes a one-step sintering; (b) The magnetic spectrum of Co-Ti Bam obtained by the two-step sintering process and the one-step sintering process is shown as the abscissa in (b) as the frequency and the ordinate as the relative permeability.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in all of the embodiments of this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process disclosed implicitly, except for the mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined and/or expanded and substituted in any way.
In view of the problems in the background, the inventors of the present invention have undergone inventive thought to consider: the element strontium (Sr) is the same as the element barium (Ba), the ionic radius is smaller, and Sr is used 2+ Substituted Ba 2+ The lattice size and the super-exchange effect are changed, and further the influence on the saturated magnetization intensity, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the coercive force and other intrinsic parameters is generated. Cu (Cu) 2+ And Mn of 2+ Substituted Co 2+ The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the hexaferrite can be reduced, the saturation magnetization intensity is increased, and the initial permeability is improved. Furthermore, cu 2+ Instead of reducing the sintering temperature, reducing the high-frequency dielectric loss and improving the formant frequency. Cr (Cr) 3+ And Gd 3+ For Fe 3+ The substitution of (c) results in an increase in both the cutoff frequency and the initial permeability of the material.
Based on the above consideration, the invention particularly researches Sr 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Cu 2+ And Cr (V) 3+ The doping is used for regulating and controlling the microwave magnetic dielectric property of the 18H hexaferrite, so that the characteristics of high cutoff frequency, high magnetic conductivity, dielectric constant and low loss are realized, the preparation step of the 18H hexaferrite is further optimized, and the microwave magnetic dielectric property of the 18H hexaferrite is optimized. Specifically, research on metal ion doping, preparation process control of a synthetic material sample, analysis of physical and chemical properties such as sample phase, ion occupation, ion valence state, microscopic morphology and the like by combining advanced material characterization technology, and determination of static, high-frequency, low-temperature and high-temperature magneto-dielectric properties of the material by combining various measurement means, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Synthesizing a novel 18H hexagonal ferrite material by adopting a solid phase reaction method of a ceramic preparation process;
(2) Researching 18H hexaferrite cation occupation distribution by combining density functional theory, mossburg spectrum and Rietveld structure refinement technology;
(3) Analyzing the magnetic loss and dielectric loss mechanism of the 18H hexaferrite based on magnetization precession theory, polarization relaxation theory and effective medium theory;
(4) The crystal structure, chemical composition, magnetic property and dielectric property of the 18H hexagonal ferrite are studied by means of characterization and measurement technologies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM), a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), a wavelength dispersion X-ray spectrum (WDS), an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS), a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), an impedance analyzer, a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the like, and finally the 18H hexagonal ferrite material with high cut-off frequency, high magnetic permeability, high dielectric constant and low loss is obtained.
The invention provides an optimization scheme of key preparation steps based on a solid phase reaction method of a ceramic preparation process and combined with a series of characterization measurement technologies, wherein the optimization of the preparation steps specifically comprises the following steps: the microwave magnetic dielectric property of the 18H hexaferrite is regulated and controlled by providing a two-step sintering technology, a thermomagnetic quenching annealing technology and an atmosphere annealing technology.
(1) Two-step sintering step
Low-loss ferrite materials used in the microwave field generally have a microstructure of uniform fine grains. Densification is typically accompanied by rapid grain growth during a conventional one-step sintering process. In the two-step sintering process, the sample is first heated to a higher temperature for a short period of time and then rapidly cooled and maintained at a lower temperature until the sample densifies. The short-time high-temperature heating in the first step makes the sample reach medium density, and the rapid cooling in the second step suppresses overgrowth of crystal grains while the sample is densified. In the preparation process of the 18H hexaferrite, two sintering steps are used, and the regulation and control of the polycrystalline structure and the optimization of the microwave magneto-dielectric property are realized by respectively controlling the sintering temperatures of the first step and the second step.
(2) Thermal magnetic quenching annealing step
The thermomagnetic quenching annealing technique is to apply a strong magnetic field when the temperature of the sample is higher than the curie temperature, the magnetic moment of the sample will be turned to the external field direction, and then rapidly quench, and the magnetic moment will be frozen in the external field direction. The thermal magnetic quenching annealing technology can improve the orientation degree of the hexagonal ferrite, repair lattice defects, effectively improve magnetic permeability and reduce loss.
(3) Atmosphere annealing step
In the cooling stage of sintering, the regulation and control of the occupation distribution of certain cations are realized by changing the cooling rate and atmosphere. For example, mg can be controlled by rapid cooling in an oxidizing atmosphere 2+ The ions in the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite occupy place.
Further, systematic researches are carried out on the polycrystalline Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite prepared by the method, wherein the polycrystalline Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite comprises a crystal structure, a phase composition, a microscopic morphology, static and microwave magneto-dielectric properties and the relation of the static and microwave magneto-dielectric properties along with the change of temperature. Prepared by the process of the inventionMg-Zn18H hexagonal ferrite exhibits very low magnetic spectrum damping coefficienta=0.09-0.19) and magnetic loss (tan m =0.06). By changing the atomic ratio of Mg to Zn, the optimal working frequency of the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite can cover the whole S wave band, and the low-loss magnetic property of the ferrite is superior to that of other known S wave band ferrites. In addition, the polycrystalline mg—zn18H hexaferrite has a ferroresonance line width (DH=486-660 Oe) and very low damping coefficient temperature stability in the range 20-135 ℃ (Da/DT=0.0004℃ 1 ). As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 (b) - (d) show the main microwave properties of Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite.
As an antenna substrate, the microwave magneto-dielectric material should have high permeability and permittivity, low magnetic and dielectric losses, and a high cut-off frequency. Since the overall microwave performance of a microwave magneto-dielectric material is typically limited by magnetic properties, an important parameter is the product of the real part m' of the complex permeability and the quality factor Q. Furthermore, there is a relationship between permeability and cutoff frequency that cancels each other according to Snoek's law. For the overall evaluation of magnetic properties, the product of m', Q and the operating frequency f is defined as a figure of merit (FOM). Materials with high figure of merit have greater potential in low loss, high frequency band applications. The high frequency magnetic properties of several common magneto-dielectric materials, such as spinel ferrite, exhibit higher m' Q values, but they are typically used below 1 GHz due to their lower natural resonant frequency. The conventional hexaferrite and ferrite composite materials have higher cut-off frequencies and can operate in a wide frequency range due to the improvement of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and resistivity. Although the merit value can be raised by ion substitution or preparation process optimization, the merit value of the above-described conventional magneto-dielectric material rarely exceeds 80GHz. The Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite provided by the method has small magnetic loss in the S wave band, the figure of merit is generally higher than 80GHz, even reaches 120GHz, and the application potential of the ferrite in the field of high frequency and low loss is proved.
Another important parameter of microwave magneto-dielectric materials is the miniaturization factor, which represents the ability of the material to reduce the size of an antenna when used in an antenna substrate. Spinel ferrites, hexaferrites and ferrite composites are commonly used at frequencies below 2.4GHz, limited by the cut-off frequency, whereas Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite provided by the method of the present invention can provide a miniaturization factor of 5-7 in the S band. For example, mg18H hexaferrite exhibits a 5.4-fold miniaturization factor and a 50% -110% bandwidth improvement for use as a substrate for a 3.6 GHz patch antenna. The performance is shown in figure 2.
The invention carries out systematic research on Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite (Ba 5Mg2Ti3Fe12O 31) in the 18H hexaferrite, and particularly optimizes the preparation steps and regulates the microwave magneto-dielectric property. It was found that 18H hexaferrite has a crystal structure different from that of conventional hexaferrite, and can be regarded as a hexagonal barium titanate block having three oxygen layers inserted in the middle of T-block of Y-type hexaferrite unit cell structure, as shown in fig. 3 (a). The polycrystalline Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite (figure 3 (b)) with fine and uniform crystal grains is synthesized through the optimized solid phase reaction preparation process, and the polycrystalline Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite shows very low magnetic spectrum damping coefficient [ (]a=0.09-0.19), microwave magnetic loss (tan=0.06), and dielectric loss (tan)<0.006). In addition, the optimal value of the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite in the S wave band is generally higher than 80GHz, even reaches 120GHz, and the low-loss magnetic property of the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite is proved to be superior to other known microwave ferrites applied to the S wave band. FIGS. 3 (c) - (e) show the main microwave properties of Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite.
The invention realizes the regulation of the grain size and the relative density of the polycrystalline Co-Ti BaM hexaferrite by introducing two sintering steps as shown in fig. 4 (a). Compared with the traditional one-step sintering process, the sample obtained by the two-step sintering method has a microstructure of uniform fine grains and high-resistance grain boundaries, the cut-off frequency and the Sinoke limit are remarkably improved, and the microwave magnetic loss below 400 MHz is reduced (figure 4 (b)).
In summary, the microwave magneto-dielectric material with high cutoff frequency, high permeability, high dielectric constant and low loss is a key for promoting the high frequency, miniaturization and light weight of the next-generation communication system, and the novel 18H hexaferrite has great application value in miniaturization of the low-loss 5G antenna. The method not only can realize the industrialized preparation of the low-cost cobalt-free high-frequency ferrite, but also solves the problem that the high-frequency antenna base material in China depends on imported necks. At the same time, a miniaturized 5G antenna, microwave device and corresponding apparatus may also be provided.
It should be noted that, within the scope of protection defined in the claims of the present invention, the following embodiments may be combined and/or expanded, and replaced in any manner that is logical from the above specific embodiments, such as the disclosed technical principles, the disclosed technical features or the implicitly disclosed technical features, etc.
Example 1
A5G antenna manufacturing method based on magneto-dielectric material optimization comprises the following steps:
the 18H hexaferrite suitable for the Sub-6 GHz band is prepared through metal ion substitution and preparation step optimization; the metal ion includes Mn 2+ 、Zn 2+ And when the metal ion is Mn 2+ 、Zn 2+ When the ferrite is applied to the Sub-6 GHz wave band, the 18H hexaferrite is expressed as Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite; by changing the atomic ratio of Mg to Zn, the optimal working frequency band for the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite covers the whole S wave diagram 1 section;
the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling grain size distribution and air hole distribution; the method is used for regulating and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects; the device is used for regulating and controlling the occupation distribution of metal ions;
and (3) taking the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite obtained by optimizing the preparation steps as a 5G antenna base material to manufacture the 5G antenna.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the metal ions further comprise Sr 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cu 2+ And Cr (V) 3+ Any one of them.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling grain size distribution and air hole distribution, and specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
firstly, heating an 18H hexaferrite sample obtained by metal ion substitution to a temperature T1 and keeping for a time T1;
second, cooling the sample for a time T2 and maintaining the temperature T2 until the sample is densified;
wherein T1 is greater than T2, and T1 is less than T2.
Example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 1, in the preparation step optimization process, the steps of adjusting and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects specifically comprise the following substeps: when the temperature of the sample is monitored to be higher than the Curie temperature, a magnetic field (which can be a strong magnetic field) is applied to the sample, and the magnetic moment of the sample is turned to the external field direction by utilizing the magnetic field; then quenching, the magnetic moment is frozen in the direction of the external magnetic field by quenching.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 1, in the preparation step optimization process, the metal ion occupation distribution regulation specifically comprises the following sub-steps: cooling the sample in an oxidizing atmosphere for controlling Mg 2+ The ions in the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite occupy place.
Example 6
Based on the embodiment 1, the mode of synthesizing the 18H hexaferrite material adopts a solid phase reaction method of a ceramic preparation process.
Example 7
On the basis of example 1, after the optimization of the preparation step, the method further comprises the steps of: the characterization test method comprises any one or more of X-ray diffraction XRD, scanning transmission electron microscope STEM, field emission scanning electron microscope FESEM, wavelength dispersion X-ray spectrum WDS, X-ray photoelectron spectrum XPS, thermogravimetric analysis TGA, physical property measurement system PPMS, vibrating sample magnetometer VSM, vector network analyzer VNA and impedance analyzer.
Example 8
On the basis of embodiment 7, in the process of regulating and controlling the metal ion occupation distribution, the method further comprises the following sub-steps: and determining the occupation of metal ions by using a Musburger spectrum, and determining the relation between the substitution and occupation distribution of the metal ions and the magnetic dielectric characteristics of the 18H hexaferrite by using a physical property measurement system PPMS, a vibrating sample magnetometer VSM and a vector network analyzer VNA.
Example 9
A device optimized based on a magneto-dielectric material is manufactured by adopting the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite prepared by the method in any one of the embodiments 1-8.
Example 10
An apparatus based on magneto-dielectric material optimization employing the magneto-dielectric material optimized device of example 9.
The foregoing technical solution is only one embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be easily made by those skilled in the art based on the application methods and principles disclosed in the present invention, not limited to the methods described in the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention, so that the foregoing description is only preferred and not in a limiting sense.
In addition to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing disclosure that other embodiments can be made and in which various features of the embodiments can be interchanged or substituted, and that such modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The 5G antenna manufacturing method based on magneto-dielectric material optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the 18H hexaferrite suitable for the Sub-6 GHz band is prepared through metal ion substitution and preparation step optimization; the metal ions include Mg 2+ And Zn 2+ And when the metal ion is Mg 2+ And Zn 2+ When the ferrite is applied to the Sub-6 GHz wave band, the 18H hexaferrite is expressed as Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite; the optimal working frequency band of the Mg-Zn18H hexagonal ferrite covers the whole S wave band by changing the atomic ratio of Mg to Zn;
the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling grain size distribution and air hole distribution; the method is used for regulating and controlling the grain orientation degree and repairing the lattice defects; the device is used for regulating and controlling the occupation distribution of metal ions;
the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite obtained after optimization of the preparation steps is used as a 5G antenna base material to manufacture a 5G antenna;
the preparation step is optimized and is used for regulating and controlling grain size distribution and air hole distribution, and specifically comprises the following sub-steps: firstly, heating an 18H hexaferrite sample obtained by metal ion substitution to a temperature T1 and keeping for a time T1; second, cooling the sample for a time T2 and maintaining the temperature T2 until the sample is densified; wherein T1 is greater than T2, and T1 is less than T2;
in the preparation step optimization process, the regulation and control of the grain orientation degree and the repair of the lattice defects specifically comprise the following substeps: when the temperature of the sample is monitored to be higher than the Curie temperature, a magnetic field is applied to the sample, and the magnetic moment of the sample is turned to the external field direction by utilizing the magnetic field; quenching, wherein the magnetic moment is frozen in the direction of an external magnetic field by quenching;
in the preparation step optimization process, the metal ion occupation distribution regulation and control specifically comprises the following substeps: cooling the sample in an oxidizing atmosphere for controlling Mg 2+ The ions in the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite occupy place.
2. The method for manufacturing a 5G antenna based on magneto-dielectric material optimization of claim 1, wherein the metal ions further comprise Sr 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Cu 2+ And Cr (V) 3+ Any one of them.
3. The method for manufacturing the 5G antenna based on the magneto-dielectric material optimization according to claim 1, wherein the mode of synthesizing the 18H hexaferrite material adopts a solid phase reaction method of a ceramic preparation process.
4. The method for manufacturing a 5G antenna based on magneto-dielectric material optimization of claim 1, further comprising the steps of, after the optimization of the manufacturing step: the characterization test method comprises any one or more of X-ray diffraction XRD, scanning transmission electron microscope STEM, field emission scanning electron microscope FESEM, wavelength dispersion X-ray spectrum WDS, X-ray photoelectron spectrum XPS, thermogravimetric analysis TGA, physical property measurement system PPMS, vibrating sample magnetometer VSM, vector network analyzer VNA and impedance analyzer.
5. The method for manufacturing a 5G antenna based on magneto-dielectric material optimization of claim 4, further comprising the sub-steps of: and determining the occupation of metal ions by using a Musburger spectrum, and determining the relation between the substitution and occupation distribution of the metal ions and the magnetic dielectric characteristics of the 18H hexaferrite by using a physical property measurement system PPMS, a vibrating sample magnetometer VSM and a vector network analyzer VNA.
6. A device optimized based on a magneto-dielectric material, which is characterized in that the device is manufactured by adopting the Mg-Zn18H hexaferrite prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. An apparatus for magneto-dielectric material optimization, characterized in that it employs the magneto-dielectric material optimization-based device of claim 6.
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