CN116914206A - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116914206A CN116914206A CN202310886996.XA CN202310886996A CN116914206A CN 116914206 A CN116914206 A CN 116914206A CN 202310886996 A CN202310886996 A CN 202310886996A CN 116914206 A CN116914206 A CN 116914206A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: proton exchange membrane, catalytic layer includes: the catalyst distribution blocks are arranged on the surface of the proton exchange membrane, and catalyst channels are used for connecting the adjacent catalyst distribution blocks; the catalyst distribution blocks and the catalyst channels are uniformly distributed with catalyst particles, the shape of each catalyst distribution block is regular hexagon, and a plurality of adjacent catalyst distribution blocks are connected in a cross shape; the catalyst layer is prepared to be composed of a plurality of regular hexagonal catalyst distribution blocks, adjacent catalyst distribution blocks are connected through cross-shaped catalyst channels, one surface of the gas diffusion layer, which faces the catalyst layer, is prepared to be composed of a plurality of periodically arranged hexagonal structures, the gas diffusion layer is laminated on the back of the catalyst layer, pores among the gas diffusion layer are uniformly distributed and are regularly distributed, and when gas and liquid are exchanged, the passing resistance can be reduced, so that the performance and the working efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the exhaustion of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental crisis caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, the development of new energy sources has attracted more and more attention. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell takes hydrogen as fuel and air as oxidant, and the power generation device directly converts chemical energy in the hydrogen into electric energy, is an environment-friendly energy conversion device without fuel combustion process, and has high energy utilization rate, environment friendliness and wide development prospect, and the energy conversion efficiency is not limited by Carnot cycle.
A typical oxyhydrogen PEMFC includes a membrane electrode assembly composed of a proton-conducting polymer membrane that functions as an electrolyte, separating an anode side from a cathode side. Hydrogen is introduced to the anode side where it is contacted with a catalyst to cause dissociation of the hydrogen into constituent protons and electrons. The protons then pass through the membrane to the cathode, but the electrons cannot pass through the membrane, and instead electricity is generated through an external circuit, to the cathode to combine with the protons and form water.
In the prior art, the catalytic layer and the gas diffusion layer are all powder and are randomly deposited on the proton exchange membrane, pores among the catalytic layer and the gas diffusion layer are disordered, the catalytic layer and the gas diffusion layer are often bent irregularly, in the use process, when gas and liquid are exchanged, the resistance among the catalytic layer and the gas diffusion layer is larger, the efficiency is lower, the proton exchange membrane can deform to a certain extent in the use process, and the deformation can be caused by temperature change, humidity change or gas pressure, so that the shape stability of the proton exchange membrane is greatly influenced, and the contraction or deformation of the proton exchange membrane is caused.
Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the manner of depositing catalytic and gas diffusion layers and in the deformation of proton exchange membranes in the prior art to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The application overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising: the proton exchange membrane, the both sides of the said proton exchange membrane have catalytic layer, gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate sequentially;
the catalytic layer comprises: the catalyst distribution blocks are arranged on the surface of the proton exchange membrane, and catalyst channels are used for connecting the adjacent catalyst distribution blocks; the catalyst distribution blocks and the catalyst channels are uniformly distributed with catalyst particles, the shape of each catalyst distribution block is regular hexagon, and a plurality of adjacent catalyst distribution blocks are connected in a cross shape;
the gas diffusion layer is a plurality of hexagonal structures periodically arranged in a plane, and each hexagonal structure comprises: top, bottom and four side bars inclined in equal length; the middle positions of the top strip and the bottom strip are provided with segments; the arrangement rule is as follows: in the vertical direction, a gap is arranged between the top strip and the bottom strip of the adjacent hexagonal structure; in the horizontal direction, adjacent hexagonal structures share one side bar;
an accommodating space for accommodating the corresponding catalyst distribution block is formed in the hexagonal structure, and the accommodating space is larger than the corresponding catalyst distribution block; the centers of each hexagonal structure and the corresponding catalyst distribution block coincide.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the segments and the gaps are used to connect the catalyst channels, and the widths of the segments, the gaps, and the catalyst channels are equal.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the catalytic layer is divided into an anode catalytic layer and a cathode catalytic layer, the gas diffusion layer is divided into an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer, and the bipolar plate is divided into an anode bipolar plate and a cathode bipolar plate; one side of the anode bipolar plate is provided with a fuel inlet and a recovery port, and one side of the cathode bipolar plate is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the anode catalytic layer is made of platinum carbon, and the cathode catalytic layer is made of platinum or cobalt.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are both made of carbon paper or carbon cloth.
A method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing a die on a polytetrafluoroethylene film, coating catalyst slurry on the polytetrafluoroethylene film in an ultrasonic spraying manner, and transferring a coated catalytic layer onto a proton exchange membrane by adopting a hot-pressing transfer printing method;
s2, making carbon paper or carbon cloth into a plurality of periodically arranged hexagonal structures through a die on one surface of the proton exchange membrane, immersing the prepared carbon paper or carbon cloth into polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion with a certain concentration, and roasting the immersed diffusion layer substrate in an oven at 300-400 ℃;
s3, mixing water, ethanol, carbon powder and PTFE emulsion, forming paste slurry through ultrasonic oscillation, preparing the slurry on a diffusion layer substrate by blade coating or rolling, and roasting at 300-400 ℃ for 25-50min to form a gas diffusion layer;
s4, stacking the bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane together in sequence, arranging a sealing ring between the stacking layers, performing hot pressing, assembling the stacked bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane in a gas chamber and an oxygen chamber after the hot pressing is finished, connecting the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber with an anode and a cathode respectively, and sealing the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber through heat sealing or glue to form a complete proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the step S1, the mold is shaped as a plurality of regular hexagons, and adjacent regular hexagons are communicated through a cross channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the step S1, the temperature during the hot pressing transfer is 125-145 ℃, the pressure is 2-4Mpa, and the time is 4-7min.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the step S2, the mold is shaped as a plurality of hexagonal structures, the hexagonal structures have slit segments, and gaps are formed between adjacent hexagonal structures.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the step S4, the hot pressing is performed at a temperature of 70-190 ℃, a pressure of 0.5-8Mpa, and a time of 1-8min.
The application solves the defects existing in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The application provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein a catalytic layer is prepared to be composed of a plurality of regular hexagon catalyst distribution blocks, adjacent catalyst distribution blocks are connected through cross-shaped catalyst channels, one surface of a gas diffusion layer facing the catalytic layer is prepared to be composed of a plurality of hexagon structures which are periodically arranged, and after the gas diffusion layer is laminated on the catalytic layer, pores among the gas diffusion layer are uniformly distributed and are regularly distributed, so that the passing resistance can be reduced when gas and liquid are exchanged, and the performance and the working efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
(2) According to the application, the catalytic layer and the gas diffusion layer which are laminated together form a plurality of fine honeycomb regular hexagonal structures on the surface of the proton exchange membrane, so that the shape stability of the proton exchange membrane can be effectively improved in the use process, and further the shrinkage or deformation of the proton exchange membrane caused by the change of temperature, humidity or gas pressure in the prior art is solved, thereby prolonging the service life and durability of the fuel cell.
(3) In the preparation process, the carbon paper or the carbon cloth is immersed into the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion with a certain concentration, after roasting, the surfactant contained in the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion immersed in the carbon paper or the carbon cloth is removed, and meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is sintered in a hot melting way and uniformly dispersed in the carbon paper or the carbon cloth, so that a good hydrophobic effect is achieved, the surface of the gas diffusion layer is not easy to adsorb water molecules, competitive adsorption between the water molecules and the gas is reduced, and the diffusion rate of the gas in the diffusion layer is improved.
(4) When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell prepared by the application is used, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has good performance, the service life and durability are greatly improved, the preparation method is simple, and the quality is stable, thereby being suitable for the practical application of the fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art;
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the catalytic layer surface structure of a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a structure of a gas diffusion layer side of a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged surface structure of the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer of the preferred embodiment of the present application;
in the figure: 1. a proton exchange membrane; 2. a catalytic layer; 21. a catalyst distribution block; 22. catalyst channels; 3. a gas diffusion layer; 31. a hexagonal structure; 311. a top strip; 312. side bars; 313. a bottom strip; 4. a bipolar plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may include one or more of the feature, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
As shown in fig. 1, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising: the proton exchange membrane 1, the two sides of the proton exchange membrane 1 are sequentially provided with a catalytic layer 2, a gas diffusion layer 3 and a bipolar plate 4; the catalytic layer 2 is divided into an anode catalytic layer and a cathode catalytic layer, the gas diffusion layer 3 is divided into an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer, and the bipolar plate 4 is divided into an anode bipolar plate and a cathode bipolar plate.
The fuel inlet and the recovery port are arranged on one side of the anode bipolar plate, the gas inlet and the gas outlet are arranged on one side of the cathode bipolar plate, hydrogen fuel can be injected through the fuel inlet, unreacted hydrogen can be recovered through the recovery port, oxygen can be injected through the gas inlet, and air and water vapor can be discharged through the gas outlet.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the catalytic layer 2 includes: a plurality of catalyst distribution blocks 21 disposed on the surface of the proton exchange membrane 1, and catalyst channels 22 for connecting adjacent catalyst distribution blocks 21; catalyst particles are uniformly distributed in the catalyst distribution blocks 21 and the catalyst channels 22, and each catalyst distribution block 21 is in a regular hexagon shape, and a plurality of adjacent catalyst distribution blocks 21 are connected in a cross shape.
Preferably, the catalyst distribution block 21 has a side length of 5 to 20 μm and a spacing between adjacent catalyst distribution blocks of 3 to 10 μm.
The gas diffusion layer 3 is a plurality of hexagonal structures 31 periodically arranged in a plane, and each hexagonal structure 31 includes: top bar 311, bottom bar 313 and four equally sloped side bars 312; the included angles between the inclined side bars 312 and the top bars 311 and the bottom bars 313 are all preferably 120 degrees, and the middle positions of the top bars 311 and the bottom bars 313 are provided with segments; the arrangement rule is as follows: in the vertical direction, a gap is provided between the top bars 311 and the bottom bars 313 of adjacent hexagonal structures 31; in the horizontal direction, adjacent hexagonal structures 31 share one side bar 312.
Preferably, the top, bottom and side strips have a length of 10-25 μm, the segments have a distance of 2-4 μm and the gaps have a distance of 4-6 μm.
It should be noted that, the inside of the hexagonal structure 31 is formed with an accommodation space for accommodating the corresponding catalyst distribution block 21, and the accommodation space is larger than the corresponding catalyst distribution block 21; the centers of each hexagonal structure 31 and the corresponding catalyst distribution block 21 coincide; the segments and the gaps are used for connecting the catalyst channels 22, and the widths of the segments, the gaps and the catalyst channels 22 are equal; the gas diffusion layers 3 are laminated behind the catalytic layers 2, the pore distribution among the gas diffusion layers is uniform and is regularly distributed, the passing resistance can be reduced when gas and liquid are exchanged, so that the performance and the working efficiency of the fuel cell are improved, a plurality of fine honeycomb regular hexagonal structures 31 are formed on the surface of the proton exchange membrane 1, the shape stability of the proton exchange membrane 1 can be effectively improved in the use process, and further the shrinkage or deformation of the proton exchange membrane 1 caused by the change of temperature, humidity or gas pressure in the prior art is solved, so that the service life and the durability of the fuel cell are improved.
The anode catalytic layer is made of platinum carbon, and the cathode catalytic layer is made of platinum or cobalt; the anode adopts a noble metal catalyst, and the cathode adopts an oxygen reduction catalyst, so that the catalyst has good catalytic activity and conductivity when the catalyst is used for reaction.
The anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are made of carbon paper or carbon cloth; by using carbon paper or carbon cloth, the gas diffusion layer 3 can be made to have good electrical conductivity and gas diffusion performance.
As shown in fig. 5, a flow chart of a preparation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes the following steps:
s1, placing a die on a polytetrafluoroethylene film, coating catalyst slurry on the polytetrafluoroethylene film in an ultrasonic spraying manner, and transferring a coated catalytic layer onto a proton exchange membrane by adopting a hot-pressing transfer printing method;
it should be noted that the shape of the die is a plurality of regular hexagons, and the adjacent regular hexagons are communicated through a cross channel; the hot pressing transfer printing is carried out at 125-145 deg.C, 2-4Mpa, 4-7min, preferably 130-140 deg.C, 2-3Mpa, and 5-6min.
S2, making carbon paper or carbon cloth towards one surface of the proton exchange membrane into a plurality of periodically arranged hexagon structures through a die, immersing the prepared carbon paper or carbon cloth into polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion with a certain concentration, roasting the immersed diffusion layer substrate in a baking oven at 300-400 ℃, and forming the diffusion layer substrate after roasting is completed;
it should be noted that, the shape of the mold is a plurality of hexagon structures, the hexagon structures are divided into sections with gaps, gaps are arranged between a plurality of adjacent hexagon structures, the shearing thickness of the mold is smaller than the thickness of the carbon paper or the carbon cloth, the roasting temperature is preferably 330-380 ℃, after roasting, the surfactant contained in the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion impregnated in the carbon paper or the carbon cloth is removed, and simultaneously the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is subjected to hot melting sintering and uniformly dispersed in the carbon paper or the carbon cloth, so that a good hydrophobic effect is achieved, the surface of the gas diffusion layer is not easy to adsorb water molecules, the competitive adsorption between the water molecules and the gas is reduced, and the diffusion rate of the gas in the diffusion layer is improved.
S3, mixing water, ethanol, carbon powder and PTFE emulsion, forming paste slurry through ultrasonic oscillation, preparing the slurry on a diffusion layer substrate by blade coating or rolling, and roasting at 300-400 ℃ for 25-50min to form a gas diffusion layer;
it should be noted that the baking temperature is preferably 330-380 ℃ for 30-40min, and the surface of the prepared gas diffusion layer contains a microporous layer of conductive carbon powder, so that the surface flatness is enhanced, the pore structure is improved, and the conductivity is enhanced.
S4, stacking the bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane together in sequence, arranging a sealing ring between the stacking layers, performing hot pressing, assembling the stacked bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane in a gas chamber and an oxygen chamber after the hot pressing is finished, connecting the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber with an anode and a cathode respectively, and sealing the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber through heat sealing or glue to form a complete proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The hot pressing temperature is 70-190 deg.c, pressure is 0.5-8MPa, time is 1-8min, preferably 80-170 deg.c, pressure is 0.6-6MPa, and time is 2-7min; when the prepared proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has good performance, the service life and the durability are greatly improved, the preparation method is simple, and the quality is stable and is suitable for practical application of the fuel cell.
The above-described preferred embodiments according to the present application are intended to suggest that, from the above description, various changes and modifications can be made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (10)
1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising: the proton exchange membrane, the both sides of the said proton exchange membrane have catalytic layer, gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate sequentially; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the catalytic layer comprises: the catalyst distribution blocks are arranged on the surface of the proton exchange membrane, and catalyst channels are used for connecting the adjacent catalyst distribution blocks; the catalyst distribution blocks and the catalyst channels are uniformly distributed with catalyst particles, the shape of each catalyst distribution block is regular hexagon, and a plurality of adjacent catalyst distribution blocks are connected in a cross shape;
the gas diffusion layer is a plurality of hexagonal structures periodically arranged in a plane, and each hexagonal structure comprises: top, bottom and four side bars inclined in equal length; the middle positions of the top strip and the bottom strip are provided with segments; the arrangement rule is as follows: in the vertical direction, a gap is arranged between the top strip and the bottom strip of the adjacent hexagonal structure; in the horizontal direction, adjacent hexagonal structures share one side bar;
an accommodating space for accommodating the corresponding catalyst distribution block is formed in the hexagonal structure, and the accommodating space is larger than the corresponding catalyst distribution block; the centers of each hexagonal structure and the corresponding catalyst distribution block coincide.
2. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the segments and the gaps are used for connecting the catalyst channels, and the widths of the segments, the gaps and the catalyst channels are equal.
3. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the catalytic layer is divided into an anode catalytic layer and a cathode catalytic layer, the gas diffusion layer is divided into an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer, and the bipolar plate is divided into an anode bipolar plate and a cathode bipolar plate; one side of the anode bipolar plate is provided with a fuel inlet and a recovery port, and one side of the cathode bipolar plate is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
4. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the anode catalytic layer is made of platinum carbon, and the cathode catalytic layer is made of platinum or cobalt.
5. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are made of carbon paper or carbon cloth.
6. A method for manufacturing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing a die on a polytetrafluoroethylene film, coating catalyst slurry on the polytetrafluoroethylene film in an ultrasonic spraying manner, and transferring a coated catalytic layer onto a proton exchange membrane by adopting a hot-pressing transfer printing method;
s2, making carbon paper or carbon cloth into a plurality of periodically arranged hexagonal structures through a die on one surface of the proton exchange membrane, immersing the prepared carbon paper or carbon cloth into polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion with a certain concentration, and roasting the immersed diffusion layer substrate in an oven at 300-400 ℃;
s3, mixing water, ethanol, carbon powder and PTFE emulsion, forming paste slurry through ultrasonic oscillation, preparing the slurry on a diffusion layer substrate by blade coating or rolling, and roasting at 300-400 ℃ for 25-50min to form a gas diffusion layer;
s4, stacking the bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane together in sequence, arranging a sealing ring between the stacking layers, performing hot pressing, assembling the stacked bipolar plate, the diffusion layer, the catalytic layer and the proton exchange membrane in a gas chamber and an oxygen chamber after the hot pressing is finished, connecting the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber with an anode and a cathode respectively, and sealing the gas chamber and the oxygen chamber through heat sealing or glue to form a complete proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
7. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step S1, the shape of the die is a plurality of regular hexagons, and the adjacent regular hexagons are communicated through a cross channel.
8. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step S1, the temperature is 125-145 ℃, the pressure is 2-4Mpa, and the time is 4-7min during hot pressing transfer printing.
9. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step S2, the shape of the die is a plurality of hexagonal structures, the hexagonal structures are segmented by gaps, and gaps are reserved between a plurality of adjacent hexagonal structures.
10. The method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step S4, the hot pressing temperature is 70-190 ℃, the pressure is 0.5-8Mpa, and the time is 1-8min.
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| CN202310886996.XA CN116914206A (en) | 2023-07-19 | 2023-07-19 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
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