CN1169125A

CN1169125A - Broaching tool

Info

Publication number: CN1169125A
Application number: CN95196716A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康斯坦丁·巴茨查理; 赫伯特·米特兰德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1994-10-10
Filing date: 1995-10-10
Publication date: 1997-12-31
Also published as: AU3699995A; DE9416221U1; KR970706951A; EP0785853A1; BR9509295A; WO1996011093A1; CA2202260A1

Abstract

A broaching tool (12), in particular for cutting or broaching slits, has several mutually spaced disks (10) that rotate around a common axis (33) and are provided with segment-like cutting projections (18, 20, 22, 24) around its circumference. In order to cut or broach slits with as little effort as possible and in a single operation, the distance (26, 28, 30, 32) between successive segment-like projections (18, 20, 22, 24) on each of the disks (10) is at least approximately equal to or larger than the size of the segment-like projections in the circumferential direction, and projections on adjacent disks (10) are mutually offset in the circumferential direction at least in sections of the circumference of the disks.

Description

Broaching cutters

The present invention relates to a kind of broaching cutters, especially for broaching or cut the broaching cutters of a plurality of slits, it comprises several cutterheads spaced from each other, and each cutterhead has fan-shaped a plurality of cutting protuberances around a common axle rotation and along their circumferencial direction sides.

According to the known various cutting tools of prior art, they have by separating each other of making of carbide alloy and milling cutterhead that have a plurality of fan-shaped protuberances, and each protuberance is separated from each other around the circumference configuration of each milling cutterhead and by radially slit.

Distributing with the high density of sector ele-ment along the cutting of cutterhead circumference needs to produce high contact pressure with the material that forces cutting tool to enter to need broaching or cutting for example in the brick body workpiece.And existing shortcoming to be, a slit of preparing to use can not cut into, and forms each parallel groove and only replace, and remaining material between each groove sequentially must be removed, and just can obtain required slit.

The basic problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of broaching cutters in the described type of beginning part, makes to utilize as far as possible little active force and a plurality of slits that just can cut or broach out in once-through operation.

According to problem to be solved by this invention be, the fan-shaped cutting of the order in each cutterhead with the spacing distance of protuberance at least near being equal to or greater than protuberance circumferential length separately.

According to the present invention, each fan-shaped protuberance in each cutterhead is each other according to a determining deviation or zone line configuration, the angle that described zone line along the circumferential direction comprises with respect to axis is β, angle beta is at least near being equal to or greater than angle [alpha], and angle [alpha] is essentially under each situation by fan-shaped protuberance along the circumferential direction with respect to angle that axis comprised.

In fact, utilize zone line that sector ele-ment is opposite each other, make to form an enough big interval between each sector ele-ment, the material that is removed in this interval can be collected in this, then by rotating each cutterhead by removing in the slit.

Feature of the present invention especially is, each fan-shaped protuberance distance at interval of the order of each cutterhead is approaching at least to be equal to or greater than fan-shaped protuberance circumferential length separately, and each protuberance of adjacent cutterhead along the circumferential direction staggers toward each other or staggers each other in some zone at least.

Therefore, if the fan-shaped protuberance of each of each cutterhead utilizes certain intervals or zone line opposite each other, described zone line along the circumferential direction comprises an angle beta at least near being equal to or greater than an angle [alpha] with respect to axis, angle [alpha] is essentially a fan-shaped protuberance along the circumferential direction with respect to the angle that axis comprised under each situation, and adjacent cutterhead along the circumferential direction staggers each other according to their protuberance.Can realize that according to explanation of the present invention broaching cutters cuts/broach effect preferably.Simultaneously, contact pressure can reduce.In this manner, have 7 adjacent cutterheads and each cutterhead has the required active force of the broaching cutters of 4 sector ele-ment equals a kind of so required active force of cutting tool with two parallel cutterheads for one, the back a kind of cutting tool in, the configuration of each sector ele-ment be by along circumference fifty-fifty and a mode that is right after another dispose.

Another advantage is, according to each protuberance, the configuration of staggering of cutterhead along the circumferential direction means that each sector ele-ment interval vertically can be greater than the spacing of the milling cutterhead of direct neighbor.Therefore, formed each cell wall can be removed by this slit then owing to the vibration of adjacent cutterhead is disconnected when broaching cutters incision material.So just make it possible to the cutting or the slit of broaching in single operation.

Broaching cutters preferably has n, n 〉=3, and the best cutterhead of same design, wherein the number of the fan-shaped protuberance that comprises of each cutterhead is the minimum of a value α of X 〉=3 and angle [alpha] wherein _Min=360 °/(n-x), and the maximum β of angle beta _Max=(n-1) α _MinThe broaching cutters that provides by this type configuration can both form optimal results aspect even running performance and the cutting effect two.

A kind of certain embodiments is characterised in that, each cutterhead is along the circumferential direction according to the configuration of staggering each other of their protuberance, makes at least two overlapping or even coverings fully each other of fan-shaped protuberance when from axially the watching of broaching cutters.This configuration can guarantee that broaching cutters utilizes at least two sector ele-ment with in the material of certain degree incision in order to cutting or broaching simultaneously.

Each protuberance of cutterhead can along the circumferential direction stagger so each other, makes each fan-shaped protuberance form for example wedgewise of a V font in the expanded view that is in a cutterhead in the plane.Here, the configuration of the sector ele-ment of adjacent cutterhead does not along the circumferential direction have or is not overlapping toward each other to a great extent.Therefore, the even running performance of broaching cutters and broaching ability two aspects are all improved.

Particularly, when watching broaching cutters from the side, several cutterheads adjacent one another are and by each protuberance that a common axis stretches out form one the sealing or to a great extent the sealing ring.Be enclosed in to a great extent and be meant that here the best interval according to rule of this ring forms discontinuities.

Though cutterhead can be preferably according to the same manner design, yet they adopt other identical processing radius also to be fine changing aspect the length of protuberance and/or the number naturally.In this manner, for example the broaching cutters with 5 or 7 cutterheads can comprise two groups of different cutterheads that continue each other according to different designs.

According to another preferred embodiment of milling cutter, intersect according to certain angle with the surface that is formed by cutterhead on the plane that each sector ele-ment forms, and this angular range is preferably between 0.5 ° to 5 °.

Must point out emphatically in addition, each cutting forms the orientation of inclination with protuberance or each sector ele-ment along its traffic direction, and cutting surface separately intersects by angle γ with a circle that extends around the rotation that draws the pin cutter, and 0.5 °＜γ＜2 °.

Can also make each cutterhead have a hole that is used to admit at least one centrepin.So just make that each cutterhead can be fixing in groups on demand toward each other.Aligned with each other and fixing can also the realization of each cutterhead by bonding or clamping.

In order to simplify the operation, preferably the cutter of broaching cutters according to coaxial connection designed.Therefore, no longer need each milling be carried out complicated alignment function with cutterhead by the user.

Other details of the present invention, advantage and feature reflect not only that in the claims the feature that comprises separately or comprehensively comprise is also contained in the following introduction of decision design represented in the accompanying drawing.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 represents the plane of a milling cutterhead;

Fig. 2 represents according to the broaching cutters of being made up of the milling cutterhead shown in Fig. 1 with side view; And

Fig. 3 represents the inherent 360 ° of expanded views that go up the broaching cutters that distributes in a plane.

Fig. 1 purely from one of principle expression as cutterhead 10 according to the element of the broaching cutters 12 of a coaxial Tool Design, the design of this cutter will be illustrated in Fig. 2 in more detail.

Cutterhead 10 have one metal, be preferably the dish type primary element 14 of polishing, stretch out fan-

shaped protuberance

18,20,22,24 from the periphery 16 of this element.Utilize each

zone line

26,28,30,32 to make each fan-

shaped periphery protuberance

18,20,22,24 equal spacings each other along periphery 16.Yet this is not a mandatory feature, and the length of each fan-shaped periphery protuberance and/or their interval can along the circumferential direction change.

In the design example shown in Fig. 1, cutterhead 10 has four protuberances that a relative centre rotational axis line 33 along the circumferential direction covers an angle [alpha]=30 °.Each

zone line

26,28,30,32 along the circumferential direction covers an angle beta=60 ° with respect to rotation 33 equally.

Each fan-

shaped protuberance

18,20,22,24 is designed to the bearing part as sector ele-

ment

34,36,38,40.Each sector ele-

ment

34,36,38,40 mainly comprises the sinter metal that contains diamond dust and for example is connected on fan-shaped section or the

protuberance

18,20,22,24 by laser weld.The width of sector ele-ment is more preferably greater than the width of primary element 14.In addition, what need were clear and definite is to adopt sector ele-ment 40 to be along the circumferential direction to form cutting face 41, and promptly sector ele-ment 40 has the geometry of an inclined plane shape.Yet, be that the length of sector ele-ment 40 should be identical along the cutting level 41 of whole cutting surface 41 sector ele-ment.

Cutting surface 41 and a circle that extends around rotation 33 are 0.5 °＜γ＜5 ° according to angle γ, and particularly 1 °＜γ＜2 are ° more favourable.

Transitional region between each fan-

shaped section

18,20,22,24 and cutterhead primary element 14 can form groove 42, so that be reduced in the notch effect in this zone.

Be provided with for example hole 44 of a through hole at the center of cutterhead 10, in order to each cutterhead 10 is installed on the cutter holder 46.

In addition, cutterhead 10 has a through hole 48, is used to admit a steady pin 50, makes that the relative position of each milling cutterhead 10 is maintained fixed each other in the course of work of the cutter 12 of coaxial connection.Each cutterhead can also by clamp, bonding or other measure is fixed relative to one another.

Fig. 2 represents the side view of broaching cutters 12.Broaching cutters 12 mainly comprises the cutter holder 46 of the coaxial connection of the axle head 47 with a hollow, and each cutterhead 10 is according to dish interbody spacer d configuration thereon.For control interval d, ring-type intermediary element 52 is clipped between each cutterhead 10.The scope of the interval d of each cutterhead 10 is preferably 4 millimeters from 2 millimeters to 6 millimeters.The scope of the thickness b of cutterhead 10 itself is preferably 1.4 millimeters to 1.8 millimeters, especially 1.6 millimeters.

The end 54 of columniform quill shaft 47 has a tabular packaging part 56, and it forms a T shape with axle head 47, as the locating part of at least one cutterhead 10.Tabular dish 56 heart therein preferably has a through hole, is used to admit for example six square keys (Allen key) of an instrument.So that cutter 12 that will this coaxial connection is connected on the figure not on the drive unit of expression.In order to be connected with drive unit or lathe, the axle head 47 of hollow side within it has screw thread 58, utilizes this screw thread, the cutter holder 46 of this coaxial connection can be installed on the lathe driving shaft of also representing in detail on the figure of a rotation.

Fig. 3 is illustrated in expansion Figure 60 of the broaching cutters 12 in 360 ° of scopes in the plane.As it is represented to launch Figure 60, and broaching cutters 12 comprises 7 cutterheads altogether, in this design example they be designed to identical, with identical according to the described cutterhead of Fig. 1 10.The configuration of each cutterhead is along the circumferential direction staggered each other according to each protuberance, makes the sector ele-ment 34,62,64,66,68,70,72 of the cutterhead that each is adjacent form wedge shape.The configuration of each cutterhead here is such, and promptly at least two sector ele-ment overlap or overlap at least vertically.Shown in this design example, the configuration of each cutterhead is staggered each other, makes then to be at least one leading edge 78 in the adjacent sector ele-

ment

62,64 along the end edge 74 of rotation direction 76 1 sector ele-ment 34.On the side view of the cutter of this coaxial connection, between leading edge and end/trailing edge, can have at interval.

Therefore, broaching cutters 12 has 4

devices

82,84,86,88 that are wedge-like along circumference, and each wedge is extended 120 °.Form sector ele-

ment

24,36,38,40 configuration one by one along the circumferential direction at a tip of this wedge-like, under each situation, dispose by 90 ° of angles.Wedge the 82,84,86, the 88th, complete configuration, those sector ele-ment at tip that are formed in the wedge of launching to have among Figure 60 same angular positions are as the terminal sector ele-

ment

70,72 of last wedge.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 3 only is a preferred embodiment, thereby should not limit the present invention.This broaching cutters also can be along the direction work opposite with arrow 76.

Certainly, the device with 3 or 5 or 9 cutterheads also it is contemplated that.The number of protuberance and/or length also can be with the cutterhead changes.Outside cutterhead can have more cutting protuberance than inboard cutterhead in this manner.And vice versa.In addition, about the number and/or the length aspect of cutting protuberance, each cutterhead of order can change.

Yet each protuberance should evenly distribute along the circumference of each cutterhead.Proved to have special advantage at Fig. 1 to the device shown in Fig. 3 with 7 rotating disks.

Claims

Modification according to the 19th of treaty

1. a broaching cutters (12), particularly a kind of broaching cutters that is used to broach or cuts a plurality of slits, it comprises several cutterheads (10) that have spacing each other, each cutterhead is around common axis (a 33) rotation, and has fan-shaped cutting protuberance (18,20,22,24) along its circumferencial direction side, it is characterized in that, wherein the fan-shaped cutting of the order of each cutterhead (10) is with protuberance (18,20,22,24) (26,28,30,32) spaced apart, the approaching at least circumferential length separately that is equal to, or greater than protuberance of this distance.

2. a broaching cutters (12), particularly a kind of broaching cutters that is used to broach or cuts a plurality of slits, it comprises several cutterheads spaced from each other (10), it rotates and has along the fan-shaped cutting spaced from each other of their circumferencial direction side with protuberance (18 around a common axis (33), 20,22,24), it is characterized in that, each fan-shaped protuberance (18 of order in each cutterhead (10) wherein, 20,22,24) distance (26 that separates, 28,30,32) at least near the circumferential length separately that is equal to or greater than fan-shaped protuberance, and each protuberance of wherein adjacent cutterhead (10) along the circumferential direction staggers toward each other or staggers in some zone at least, and staggers so each other and make that when watching broaching cutters (12) the from the side fan-shaped protuberance of each cutterhead forms a sealing or the annular surface of sealing to a great extent.

3. broaching cutters according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, wherein said broaching cutters (12) has n cutterhead (10), and n 〉=3, wherein to comprise the number of fan-shaped protuberance (18,20,22,24) be X to each cutterhead (10), and X 〉=3, and wherein each or almost the arc length that has of each protuberance corresponding to from the open angle [alpha] of axis (33), and α _Min=360 °/n-x, and each or almost each arc length of having of distance (26,28,30,32) corresponding to from the open angle beta of axis, the α of and β=(n-1), wherein X β+X α=360 °.

4. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the configuration of adjacent cutterhead (10) is along the circumferential direction staggered each other according to their protuberance (18,20,22,24), make that at least two fan-shaped protuberances overlap each other or covering fully when from axially the watching of broaching cutters (12).

5. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the configuration of adjacent cutterhead (10) is along the circumferential direction staggered each other according to their protuberance (18,20,22,24), makes that forming a V font at some each fan-shaped protuberance of zone at least in the expanded view of the broaching cutters (12) in a plane for example is wedge-like.

6.

7. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the configuration of wherein adjacent cutterhead (10) is along the circumferential direction staggered each other according to their protuberance (18,20,22,24), makes that each fan-shaped protuberance of each cutterhead forms an annular surface sealing or that seal to a great extent in the side view of broaching cutters (12).

8. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that wherein each cutterhead utilizes a centrepin (50), utilizes bonding and/or clamping mode makes fixed relative to one another.

9. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that wherein each protuberance (18,20,22,24) originates from their cutting surface along the direction of rotation of cutterhead (10).

10. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, cutting surface wherein (41) with intersect by angle γ from the extended circular arc of rotation (33), and 0.5 °＜γ＜5 ° are preferably 1 °＜γ＜2 °.

11. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, protuberance wherein (18,20,22,24) is basically by the metal sector ele-ment of the sinter that contains diamond dust, or is used for the bearing part of this class component.

12. the described broaching cutters of at least one claim according in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, each cutterhead (10) of the order of broaching cutters wherein (12) is variable in their cutting aspect the number of protuberance and/or length.

13. according to the described broaching cutters of at least one claim in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, broaching cutters wherein (12) comprises the cutterhead of 5 identical radius of clean-up at least, and this broaching cutters is included at least two group cutterheads that cutting differs from one another with the number of protuberance and/or length and/or design aspect.

14. the described broaching cutters of at least one claim according in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, outside cutterhead wherein is different from inboard cutterhead in cutting aspect the number of protuberance and/or length.

Claims

2. a broaching cutters (12), particularly a kind of broaching cutters that is used to broach or cuts a plurality of slits, it comprises several cutterheads (10) that have spacing each other, each cutterhead is around common axis (a 33) rotation, and has fan-shaped cutting protuberance (18 along its circumferencial direction side, 20,22,24), it is characterized in that, the fan-shaped protuberance (18 of the order in each cutterhead (10), 20,22,24) spaced apart (26,28,30,32), this distance is at least near the circumferential length separately that is equal to, or greater than fan-shaped protuberance, and the protuberance of wherein adjacent cutterhead (10) along the circumferential direction staggers toward each other, perhaps staggers each other in some zone at least.

6.