CN116911033A - BIM platform-based steel structure virtual trial assembly method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a BIM platform-based steel structure virtual trial assembly method, which is used in the field of steel structure creation and specifically comprises the following steps: building a BIM model of the steel structure based on Revit; manufacturing an actual steel member according to the BIM model; comparing the actual coordinates of the actual steel member with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result; and judging the output result to realize geometric inspection and assembly test: if the judging result meets the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, the component meets the target requirement; and if the judging result does not meet the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, carrying out secondary processing until the component meets the target requirement. The invention provides an innovative framework for realizing a VTA of a complex steel structure on a Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of virtual testing of steel building materials, and particularly relates to a BIM platform-based steel structure virtual trial assembly method.
Background
The use of virtual pilot assembly (VTA) instead of physical pilot assembly of complex steel structures significantly reduces manufacturing costs and time. Currently, VTAs are often implemented by third party quality inspection systems or manual procedures due to the lack of specialized VTA systems for steel structures, which face difficulties in the applicability of complex steel structures and in the transmission of assembly information.
In order to solve the above problems and based on the application of BIM in the manufacturing stage, the invention provides an innovative framework for realizing the VTA of a complex steel structure on a Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a steel structure for solving the problems of poor applicability and poor assembly information transmission effect of the existing steel structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a BIM platform-based steel structure virtual trial assembly method comprises the following steps:
building a BIM model of the steel structure based on Revit;
manufacturing an actual steel member according to the BIM model;
comparing the actual coordinates of the actual steel member with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result;
and judging the output result to realize geometric inspection and assembly test: if the judging result meets the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, the component meets the target requirement; and if the judging result does not meet the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, carrying out secondary processing until the component meets the target requirement.
Preferably, comparing the actual coordinates of the actual steel member with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result; the specific process comprises the following steps:
selecting assembly points based on the BIM model to obtain theoretical coordinates;
carrying out real component measurement on the actual steel member to obtain an actual coordinate;
and comparing the theoretical coordinates with the actual coordinates in Dynamo to obtain the output result.
Preferably, the assembly point is the center of a bolt hole to be measured; the assembly points are selected from all bolt holes in the BIM based on a preset principle.
Preferably, the method further comprises a virtual trial assembly preparation work, and specifically comprises the following steps:
preprocessing a BIM model, planning an assembly process, measuring coordinates of assembly points and processing measurement data.
Preferably, the selecting an assembly point based on the BIM model specifically includes:
selecting, marking and numbering to-be-measured points in the BIM model;
wherein, the point with the unique number is selected as the assembly point; and obtaining theoretical coordinates of the assembly points through a BIM model.
Preferably, the factors to be considered in the assembly process planning include:
s1, keeping the virtual assembly sequence consistent with the specification of a design drawing;
s2, judging whether potential deformation existing in the physical assembly process affects subsequent assembly; if the judgment result is yes, adopting multi-stage assembly; if the judgment result is negative, adopting one-step assembly;
s3, for a structure geometrically divided into a plurality of units, and the assembly of each unit is independent, each unit is assembled in a single step, and all the units are assembled as a whole.
Preferably, the geometric check is implemented by means of an EOPA algorithm.
Preferably, the assembly test is performed by the GPA algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention starts from BIM model, and details the technical details of each step in the complete VTA process; in the present invention, revit was used as a research platform and a VTA program prototype based on Procrustes Analysis algorithm was developed using a built-in Dynamo visual programming plug-in. The prototype performs two basic functions: geometric inspection and assembly testing. Finally, taking the VTA of the main span 1000m suspension bridge steel Teslae beam as an example, the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the proposed VTA method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the result of the assembly point selection according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) - (b) are schematic illustrations of assembly point marks and numbering according to embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 4 (a) - (b) are diagrams of a archetype structure of a VTA program and a flow chart for implementing a VTA in Dynamo according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 (a) is a geometric diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the Retiv model of the verification embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses a steel structure virtual trial assembly method based on a BIM platform, which comprises the following steps:
building a BIM model of the steel structure based on Revit;
manufacturing an actual steel member according to the BIM model;
comparing the actual coordinates of the actual steel member with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result;
judging the output result to realize geometric inspection and assembly test: if the judging result meets the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, the component meets the target requirement; and if the judging result does not meet the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, carrying out secondary processing until the component meets the target requirement.
Specifically:
the method architecture in this embodiment includes: information exchange solutions, solutions for VTA function implementation, and general procedures for VTA.
Wherein the information exchange solution:
to ensure consistency of the steel structure model information from the design stage to the manufacturing stage, the most straightforward approach is to create and extract information from the same BIM platform in both stages. As a widely used BIM application, autodesk Revit provides a rich and powerful Application Programming Interface (API) that helps extend the functionality of software. The solution to the data exchange problem in this embodiment therefore employs the development of the VTA program in the embedded Dynamo environment of Revit. There are three advantages to developing a prototype in Dynamo BIM compared to other BIM tools. First, dynamo is a visual programming tool that provides the user with the ability to visualize script behavior, define custom logic fragments, and write scripts using various text programming languages. Second, dynamo supports data exchange with these design tools as plug-ins to software such as Revit, formit, or Maya. In addition, dynamo is an open source application that allows users to extend Dynamo according to their own needs and helps designers to perform parameterized conceptual design and automation tasks. Engineers easily solve complex engineering problems by using Dynamo's built-in node library programming.
The solution of the VTA function implementation is as follows:
the results of model-based and point-based VTA methods are presented in the form of positional deviations. In fact, only those coordinates that affect the assemblability need to be accurately measured in an infinite number of model points. The true 3D coordinates of the bolt holes are easily obtained by high precision 3D measuring instruments (e.g. total stations or optical 3D photogrammetry systems), while the theoretical coordinates are extracted from the BIM model. Given two sets of coordinates, the two basic functions of the VTA, namely geometry inspection and assembly testing, are implemented by the EOPA and GPA algorithms, respectively.
Among them, for general procedure of VTA:
first, a detailed BIM model of the steel structure is created in Rev it, and then the steel component is manufactured at the factory according to the model. Next, selecting an assembly point based on the BIM model, specifically including:
selecting, marking and numbering to-be-measured points in the BIM model;
wherein, the point with the unique number is selected as the assembly point; and obtaining theoretical coordinates of the assembly points through a BIM model. After the steel member is manufactured, the actual three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the previously marked points in the model will be measured in the factory. The theoretical and actual coordinates are then compared using the VTA program developed in Revit Dynamo. Finally, the geometry and assembly of the output components deviate. If the deviation is within the allowable tolerance, the component is considered to be acceptable, and is allowed to leave the factory and be assembled on site. Otherwise, processing, measuring and comparing the unqualified bolt holes again until the deviation meets the factory requirement.
In addition, the preparation work of the VTA is also included in the present embodiment, specifically: BIM model pretreatment, assembly process planning, assembly point coordinate measurement and measurement data processing. Wherein the VTA is prepared to collect all data related to VYA;
wherein, for the assembly point:
the assembly point is the center of the bolt hole to be measured; the assembly points are selected from all bolt holes in the BIM based on a preset principle.
Presetting a principle: 1) To reduce the workload of coordinate measurement, the number of collection points should be appropriate, which means that the number or density of selected collection points should not be too large. The corner points of the bolt hole group should be selected. In the manufacturing process of steel parts, each bolt hole group is machined by the same machine tool using the same drilling tool. Neglecting deviations between holes in a group of holes in view of high-precision machine tool machining; thus, the position information of the entire hole group is represented by measuring corner points. To ensure the assembly accuracy, the number of measuring points is appropriately increased when there are many bolts in the hole group (fig. 2).
2) The choice of the fitting point should also take into account the influence of the arrangement of the measuring stations on the visibility of the measuring object. If the measurement process is disturbed by factors such as the shape of the part and the mounting location of the instrument, and a point cannot be collected, other holes can be selected nearby. In general, adjacent bolt holes in the same row or column are preferably used for adjustment. If the position of the assembly point is adjusted at the measurement site, the information of the assembly point should be updated correspondingly in the Revit model to ensure the consistency of the theoretical data and the measured data.
3) Since the steel plate has a certain thickness, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points should be selected on the outer surface of the member for measurement and observation. If the assembly of multiple parts is coplanar, the coplanar points should be selected first to reduce the amount of assembly point data.
And for the assembly point mark:
the main purpose of the spot marking is to ensure that the theoretical coordinates of each assembly spot are obtained efficiently and to enable the measuring staff to locate the measuring spot quickly from its mark, since the centre of the mark is the same as the centre of the bolt hole. In this study, a face family based metric generic model with distinguishable colors was created to mark the assembly points. To make the number of each assembly point unique, model text parameters with different assignments are added to the family (fig. 3).
Meanwhile, for the assembly point numbers:
assembly point numbering is an important step in implementing the proposed framework because the coordinates of these points are queried and matched by numbering during the calculation process. By connecting a series of functional nodes, the bolt hole automatic numbering procedure is implemented in Dynamo. Through interaction between the Dynamo and Revit models, selected bolt holes will be numbered automatically.
In addition, factors to be considered for the assembly process planning in the present embodiment include:
s1, keeping the virtual assembly sequence consistent with the specification of a design drawing;
s2, judging whether potential deformation existing in the physical assembly process affects subsequent assembly; if the judgment result is yes, adopting multi-stage assembly; if the judgment result is negative, adopting one-step assembly;
s3, for a structure geometrically divided into a plurality of units, and the assembly of each unit is independent, each unit is assembled in a single step, and all units are assembled as a whole.
It should be noted that the VTA process of the steel structure is divided into one-step assembly and multi-step assembly. One-step assembly involves measuring all assembly points at once and comparing them to theoretical coordinates to generate an assembly result. A one-step program set in a virtual environment cannot synchronously take into account errors in the physical program set. Therefore, there is a certain deviation between the simulation assembly result and the physical assembly result. Therefore, one-step assembly is suitable for a structure having few assembly parts and a simple assembly relationship, in which an assembly error does not have a predicted influence on an assembly result. Multi-step assembly involves dividing the steel structure into a plurality of assembly steps in a computer simulation according to the actual assembly process. It is characterized in that each step of the VTA only needs the data related to the step, so the data processing is simple. The data acquisition of the VTA in a multi-step assembly is synchronized with the physical assembly. That is, after the physical assembly is performed in the step, data required for the next step will be collected based on the components assembled in the step. This ensures that the VTA data is always up to date, which makes the computer simulation results more reliable. The disadvantage of multi-step assembly is that measurement data must be collected step by step and the assembly process is cumbersome. VTA process planning should therefore take into account many of the above factors, such as design requirements, processing techniques, quality acceptance criteria, and structural geometry characteristics.
Further to bolt hole measurements and measurement data processing:
the high-precision total station is suitable for measuring the space coordinates of the bolt holes. The true coordinates of the points are collected by installing the auxiliary tool targets. The main factor considered in bolt hole measurement is temperature. The coordinate acquisition should be performed in the early morning or evening, and the temperature variation range is small. Let the rod length be L, the temperature difference be Δt, and the elongation Δl be calculated using the following formula:
ΔL＝ΔT*C*L (1)；
wherein C is the thermal expansion coefficient of steel,
the rod is assumed to be uniformly elongated or shortened in the axial direction based on the midpoint of the rod axis. The coordinate compensation value of the measuring points at the two axial ends is 0.5 delta L. After temperature compensation, the measurement data is saved as an Excel file in a specific format.
The geometric check is realized by an EOPA algorithm; specifically: the EOPA algorithm describes the matching relationship between the measured and theoretical samples. In the proposed VTA framework this is used to check the least squares positional deviation between the measured and theoretical coordinates of the bolt holes or other feature points.
There is an actual coordinate matrix ap×q and a theoretical coordinate matrix bp×q, containing p points. q represents the coordinate dimension, where q=2 represents the simulation in 2D space and q=3 represents the simulation in 3D space. To compare coordinates, a must be able to translate and rotate to a position aligned with B.
Let b=a T +jt T +E(2)；
Therein j t T ＝(1,1，…，1)，t q×1 Is a translation vector, t q×q Is the rotation matrix and E is the error matrix. The objective is to determine the transformation parameters T and T that minimize the square of the 2-norm of E, i.e
||E|| 2 ＝min{||AT+jt T -B||} 2 (3)；
This problem is solved by the Lagrangian multiplier method. Singular value decomposition of the matrix is introduced by the nature of the orthogonal matrix. Singular value decomposition is as follows:
VDW T ＝A T (I-jj T /p)B (4)；
where V, D and W are matrices obtained by singular value decomposition of the right matrix. The transformation parameters were obtained using the following formula:
T＝VW T (5)；
t＝(B-AT) T j/p (6)。
the assembly test is realized through a GPA algorithm; specifically: GPA allows for simultaneous and independent estimation of similarity transformation parameters to maximize correspondence between two or more coordinate matrices towards their centroid matrices. That is, by aligning the components by GPA, the corresponding actual hole locations of the different components are as close as possible. Accordingly, the difference between the assembled coordinates and the theoretical coordinates is greater than the difference in EOPA.
A1, …, am (m.gtoreq.2) represents m data matrices of size p×3, each matrix containing the coordinates of p identical points defined in different reference frames. Among the infinite { t, t } i j (i= … m; i < j) similarity transforms linking each pair of enabled i, j matrices, a particular transform is selected that satisfies the following condition:
the solution to the problem is seen as searching for an unknown "optimal" matrix Z associated with each Ai by means of a suitable unknown similarity transformation. Writing:
where E i is a random error matrix.
Based on equation (7), the GPA problem is succinctly rewritten as:
one solution to this problem is based on the definition of a centroid matrix C, where C is the centroid of a series of transformation matrices:
the method does not find ti and ti directly that minimize equation (9); instead, it uses the characteristics of the geometric center to approximate the result to the centroid and obtain the best approximation that satisfies the above conditions. This is the centroid iterative solution. The different calculation phases require: 1) Iteratively solving independent similarity transformations of each matrix relative to centroid C using an EOPA algorithm; 2) Iteratively updating the centroid C by a simple arithmetic mean after sequential updating of the matrices Aip; 3) The process iterates until convergence, i.e. until the value of the centroid C stabilizes (the centroid position changes less than a certain value). Calculating final transformation parameters ti and ti from the initial Ai and final Aip
Still further, for the VTA Dynamo prototype mentioned in this example, in particular:
the VTA Dynamo prototype includes two modules: geometric inspection and assembly testing. The former functions as follows: 1) Position deviation checking, namely calculating the least square deviation between the measured coordinate and the theoretical coordinate at each bolt hole through an EOPA algorithm so as to check the machining precision of the position of the bolt hole; 2) The geometric dimensions are checked, i.e. by calculating the distance between the measuring points and comparing it with the corresponding theoretical distance, for dimensional deviations of the steel component. The function of the latter is to check the assemblability of the various components using the GPA algorithm. As shown in fig. 4, the VTA program prototype is made up of five parts, each of which is described in the subsections below.
a) Input terminal
The function of the input is to obtain data entered by the user. First, a Microsoft Excel file of a Revit model and measurement coordinates needs to be prepared. The user must then select the calculation to be performed: geometric inspection or assembly testing. The boolean node is used for implementation. True indicates that a geometric check is to be performed and that a component number is required; false indicates that assembly tests will be performed on a plurality of components and that the assembly component number, the assembly hole number and the allowable tolerance need to be entered.
b) Input data processing
Input data processing involves importing measurement data and theoretical data from Excel and Revit models, respectively, to form a dataset and storing it as a list in Dynamo. According to the user input, corresponding data is extracted from the data set, and preparation is made for the next VTA calculation.
The data format, dimensions and length of the measured and theoretical coordinates stored in the Dynamo list must be consistent.
c) Main program
The VTA algorithm is implemented by writing Python code in Python script nodes of Dynamo. Since the EOPA and GPA algorithms involve matrix operations and matrix decomposition, the matrix operation packet must be first introduced. In this study, a dynamic link library (.dll) file containing matrix operations was imported and referenced at the beginning of the VTA Python script.
The EOPA output is as follows. 1) The best match coordinates. By measuring rotation and translation of coordinates in a theoretical coordinate system, a new coordinate satisfying the least square deviation is obtained. The output is a p x 3 matrix, where p is the actual number of bolt holes of the fitting member and 3 represents the three coordinate components of the theoretical coordinate system. 2) Deviation between the measured and theoretical coordinates of the same bolt hole. 3) Geometric distance between two measurement points. GPA outputs a deviation between the final assembly position and the theoretical position after a plurality of iterations. When multi-step assembly is employed, the actual coordinates of the assembly member are taken as the theoretical coordinates of the member to be assembled. If the deviation is within a given tolerance range, assembling the components; otherwise, they cannot do so.
d) Output format
After the execution of the main program, the result needs to be output in a manner that is easy for the user to understand. The method used includes adding explanatory text to the calculation result and outputting in a specific format.
f) Output end
The purpose of the output is to display the VTA calculation results in the output area specified by the Dynamo player.
Program verification is further included in this embodiment:
a simple example is used to validate the VTA prototype as follows. As shown in fig. 5, two square steel plates of the same size are connected through holes No. 2 and No. 4, and holes No. 1, no. 3, no. 5 and No. 6 are connected to the bracket. The Revit built-in Dynamo player plug-in is used to run the VTA program prototype.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The virtual steel structure trial assembly method based on the BIM platform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
building a BIM model of the steel structure based on Revit;
manufacturing an actual steel member according to the BIM model;
comparing the actual coordinates of the actual steel member with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result;
and judging the output result to realize geometric inspection and assembly test: if the judging result meets the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, the component meets the target requirement; and if the judging result does not meet the geometric tolerance and the assembly tolerance, carrying out secondary processing until the component meets the target requirement.
2. The virtual trial assembly method of a steel structure based on a BIM platform according to claim 1, wherein the actual coordinates of the actual steel member are compared with the theoretical coordinates in the BIM model in Dynamo to obtain an output result; the specific process comprises the following steps:
selecting assembly points based on the BIM model to obtain theoretical coordinates;
carrying out real component measurement on the actual steel member to obtain an actual coordinate;
and comparing the theoretical coordinates with the actual coordinates in Dynamo to obtain the output result.
3. The virtual trial assembly method of a steel structure based on a BIM platform according to claim 2, wherein the assembly point is the center of the bolt hole to be measured; the assembly points are selected from all bolt holes in the BIM based on a preset principle.
4. The virtual fitting method for the steel structure based on the BIM platform according to claim 2, further comprising virtual fitting preparation work, and specifically comprising:
BIM model pretreatment, assembly process planning, assembly point coordinate measurement and measurement data processing.
5. The virtual steel structure trial assembly method based on the BIM platform according to claim 2, wherein the selection of the assembly points based on the BIM model specifically comprises:
selecting, marking and numbering to-be-measured points in the BIM model;
wherein, the point with the unique number is selected as the assembly point; and obtaining theoretical coordinates of the assembly points through a BIM model.
6. The virtual steel structure trial assembly method based on the BIM platform according to claim 4, wherein the factors to be considered in the assembly process planning include:
s1, keeping the virtual assembly sequence consistent with the specification of a design drawing;
s2, judging whether potential deformation existing in the physical assembly process affects subsequent assembly; if the judgment result is yes, adopting multi-stage assembly; if the judgment result is negative, adopting one-step assembly;
s3, for a structure geometrically divided into a plurality of units, and the assembly of each unit is independent, each unit is assembled in a single step, and all the units are assembled as a whole.
7. The virtual steel structure trial assembly method based on the BIM platform according to claim 1, wherein the geometric check is realized through an EOPA algorithm.
8. The virtual steel structure fitting method based on the BIM platform according to claim 1, wherein the fitting test is realized through a GPA algorithm.
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