CN116907861A - Method, system, equipment and storage medium for detecting engine vibration - Google Patents
Method, system, equipment and storage medium for detecting engine vibration Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M15/12—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring vibrations
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of engine detection, and aims to provide an engine vibration detection method, an engine vibration detection system, an engine vibration detection device and a storage medium. According to the application, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time, and the vibration signal is preprocessed, so that the preprocessed vibration signal is obtained; then obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; and finally, carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result. In the process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly show the fault cause of the engine, and the engine fault can be identified more accurately and with higher accuracy by detecting the vibration fault of the engine through the vibration characteristic data.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of engine detection, and particularly relates to an engine vibration detection method, an engine vibration detection system, engine vibration detection equipment and a storage medium.
Background
An engine, also called engine, is a device that is capable of converting other forms of energy into mechanical energy. The engine is rotary equipment, and in the running process of the engine, if faults such as component aging, oil sprayer blockage, cylinder carbon deposition and the like occur, abnormal vibration of the engine can be usually caused, so that in the running process of the engine, the engine is subjected to vibration detection and analysis based on vibration detection data, and fault diagnosis of the engine can be conveniently realized.
At present, in the process of detecting vibration of an engine, a vibration database is formed by arranging a vibration sensor on the engine and acquiring running vibration data of the engine under different working conditions; in the running process of the engine, real-time vibration data of the engine are collected in real time, and then the real-time vibration data are compared with running vibration data in a vibration database one by one, if the similarity between the real-time vibration data and one of the running vibration data is larger than a specified limiting value, the engine is considered to be under the working condition corresponding to the running vibration data, so that the judgment of the running fault of the engine is realized.
However, in using the prior art, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:
in the prior art, the accuracy of judging the engine faults depends on the integrity of data in a vibration database, namely, the operation vibration frequency spectrums corresponding to the engine under different fault types need to be acquired in advance, so that the accurate judgment of the engine operation faults can be realized, meanwhile, the fault identification of the engine under various fault combination states cannot be realized, and the accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve the above technical problems at least to a certain extent, and provides an engine vibration detection method, system, device and storage medium.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides an engine vibration detection method, including:
acquiring vibration signals of an engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;
obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;
extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data;
and carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.
The application can realize the detection of the engine fault and has higher accuracy. Specifically, in the implementation process, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time, and the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal; then obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; and finally, carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result. In the process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly show the fault cause of the engine, the vibration fault of the engine is detected through the vibration characteristic data, the engine fault can be identified more accurately, and the problem of low detection precision caused by directly comparing the real-time vibration data of the engine with the data in the vibration database in the prior art can be avoided.
In one possible design, the pre-processing the vibration signal to obtain a pre-processed vibration signal includes:
filtering the vibration signal to obtain a vibration signal after filtering;
carrying out centering treatment on the vibration signal after filtering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after centering treatment;
performing time domain weighting treatment on the vibration signal after the centering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after the weighting treatment;
and carrying out averaging treatment on the weighted vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals.
In one possible design, the method is implemented by adopting a fourier transform method when the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained according to the preprocessed vibration signal.
In one possible design, obtaining a vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal includes:
performing autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain an autocorrelation operation vibration signal;
and carrying out Fourier transformation on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum.
In one possible design, after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further includes:
separating and obtaining vibration fundamental frequency signals from the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum;
performing smoothing processing on the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain a smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;
obtaining the crankshaft rotating speed of the current engine according to the vibration fundamental frequency signal after the smoothing treatment;
and obtaining a performance identification result of the current engine according to the rotating speed of the crankshaft.
In one possible design, the crankshaft speed is:
v=60（α/2）f 0 /i；
in the method, in the process of the application,αas the number of strokes of the current engine,f 0 for the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal,iis the number of cylinders of the current engine.
In one possible design, after obtaining the engine fault identification result, the method further includes:
and obtaining an engine maintenance scheme according to the engine fault identification result.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an engine vibration detection system for implementing an engine vibration detection method as described in any one of the above; the engine vibration detection system includes:
the signal preprocessing module is used for acquiring vibration signals of the engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;
the signal conversion module is in communication connection with the signal preprocessing module and is used for obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;
the feature extraction module is in communication connection with the signal conversion module and is used for carrying out feature extraction on the vibration feature frequency spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;
the fault identification module is in communication connection with the feature extraction module and is used for carrying out running state identification on the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; the method comprises the steps of,
a processor for executing the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the engine shake detection method according to any one of the preceding claims.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium storing computer program instructions that are configured to perform, when run, the operations of the engine shake detection method according to any one of the preceding claims.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of engine shake detection in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an engine shock detection system according to an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present application will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the following description of the structure of the drawings is only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art. It should be noted that the description of these examples is for aiding in understanding the present application, but is not intended to limit the present application.
Example 1:
the present embodiment discloses an engine vibration detection method, which may be executed by, but not limited to, a computer device or a virtual machine having a certain computing resource, for example, an electronic device such as a personal computer, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, or a wearable device, or a virtual machine. Specifically, in this embodiment, the computing unit in the computer device or the virtual machine with certain computing resources is implemented based on the XC878 processor with relatively strong data processing capability, where the XC878 processor includes an arithmetic logic unit, an ACC register, a B register, a program status word register, and the like, and the maximum external clock frequency of the XC878 processor can reach 144MHz, so that the subsequent operation of the vibration signal can be satisfied, and meanwhile, the XC878 processor uses two clock cycles, allows fast access to a random access memory or a read-only memory, does not need to wait for a state, can satisfy timely storage of vibration data, and the like, and has relatively strong functions, and is suitable for application of the engine vibration detection method in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, an engine vibration detection method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:
s1, acquiring vibration signals of an engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals; in this embodiment, a vibration sensor is mounted on a cylinder head of an engine in advance to detect a vibration signal of the engine. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the vibration signal is a digital signal, and the vibration sensor may detect and obtain a vibration analog signal of the current engine, and after performing analog-to-digital conversion, the vibration digital signal, that is, the vibration signal in the present application, may be obtained.
In this embodiment, preprocessing the vibration signal to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal includes:
s101, filtering the vibration signal to obtain a vibration signal after filtering;
s102, carrying out centering treatment on the vibration signal after filtering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after centering treatment; it should be noted that, the vibration signal obtained by vibration detection of the current engine by the vibration sensor is a result of superposition of a random vibration signal and a periodic vibration signal, no obvious trend term should exist, if so, the vibration signal should be eliminated, otherwise, the obtained preprocessed vibration signal is distorted, so that the trend term in the vibration signal after filtering processing is eliminated by the centralization processing in the embodiment.
S103, carrying out time domain weighting treatment on the vibration signal after the centering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after the weighting treatment; it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the time-domain weighting process may reduce the missing term of the vibration signal after the centering process.
S104, carrying out averaging treatment on the vibration signals after the weighting treatment to obtain preprocessed vibration signals. In this embodiment, the averaging process may avoid the problem that the estimated mean square error is too large when the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained from the preprocessed vibration signal. In this embodiment, the averaging process may be implemented by, but not limited to, using a root mean square averaging algorithm.
S2, obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; it should be noted that, the vibration spectrum is used to describe the distribution of the vibration signal in the frequency domain, and can generally provide more visual characteristic information than the time domain waveform. Specifically, the vibration characteristic spectrum is a result of representing the vibration signal in the frequency domain, and in this embodiment, the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained by performing fourier transform (or other similar transform) on the preprocessed vibration signal. In the vibration characteristic spectrum, the abscissa indicates frequency, and the ordinate indicates vibration amplitude or energy at the corresponding frequency.
Specifically, in this embodiment, obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal includes:
s201, performing autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain an autocorrelation operation vibration signal;
s202, carrying out Fourier transform on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum.
S3, extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; in this embodiment, in the process of extracting the features of the vibration feature spectrum, the vibration feature spectrum is further amplified, so as to improve the vibration amplitude of the vibration feature spectrum at the same vibration frequency, and further improve the sensitivity of engine fault detection. Specifically, in this embodiment, the feature extraction of the vibration feature spectrum may be implemented by, but not limited to, a feature extraction method such as a fundamental frequency recognition algorithm, a harmonic frequency recognition algorithm, an envelope analysis method, a wavelet packet recognition method, and a state recognition method, which are not limited herein.
S4, performing running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result. Specifically, in this embodiment, the steps for acquiring the vibration spectrum database are as follows: and acquiring operation vibration spectrums of the engine under different working conditions to form a vibration spectrum database.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the engine fault recognition result, the method further includes:
s5, obtaining an engine maintenance scheme according to the engine fault identification result. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a database of the engine fault recognition result and the corresponding engine maintenance scheme is pre-stored, so that the corresponding engine maintenance scheme is obtained from the database based on the engine fault recognition result, thereby facilitating the user to overhaul the engine in time.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further includes:
A1. separating and obtaining vibration fundamental frequency signals from the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum; it should be noted that, because the energy at the fundamental frequency is relatively large, in this embodiment, the vibration fundamental frequency signal is the position with the largest complex modulus value except for the direct current component in the vibration frequency domain signal;
A2. performing smoothing processing on the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain a smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal; it should be noted that, the smoothing processing of the vibration fundamental frequency signal can facilitate reducing the error in the subsequent process of obtaining the current crankshaft rotation speed of the engine according to the vibration fundamental frequency signal after the smoothing processing.
A3. Obtaining the crankshaft rotating speed of the current engine according to the vibration fundamental frequency signal after the smoothing treatment;
specifically, in this embodiment, the crankshaft rotation speed is:
v=60（α/2）f 0 /i；
in the method, in the process of the application,αas the number of strokes of the current engine,f 0 for the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal,iis the number of cylinders of the current engine.
A4. And obtaining a performance identification result of the current engine according to the rotating speed of the crankshaft.
The embodiment can realize the detection of the engine fault and has higher accuracy. Specifically, in the implementation process of the embodiment, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time, and the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal; then obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; and finally, carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result. In the process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly show the fault cause of the engine, the vibration fault of the engine is detected through the vibration characteristic data, the engine fault can be identified more accurately, and the problem of low detection precision caused by directly comparing the real-time vibration data of the engine with the data in the vibration database in the prior art can be avoided.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses an engine vibration detection system for realizing the engine vibration detection method in embodiment 1; as shown in fig. 2, the engine vibration detection system includes:
the signal preprocessing module is used for acquiring vibration signals of the engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;
the signal conversion module is in communication connection with the signal preprocessing module and is used for obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;
the feature extraction module is in communication connection with the signal conversion module and is used for carrying out feature extraction on the vibration feature frequency spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;
the fault identification module is in communication connection with the feature extraction module and is used for carrying out running state identification on the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, this embodiment discloses an electronic device, which may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, or the like. An electronic device may be referred to as being used for a terminal, a portable terminal, a desktop terminal, etc., as shown in fig. 3, the electronic device includes:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; the method comprises the steps of,
a processor configured to execute the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the engine shake detection method according to any one of embodiment 1.
In particular, processor 301 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and the like. The processor 301 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of DSP (Digital Signal Processing ), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array), PLA (Programmable Logic Array ). The processor 301 may also include a main processor, which is a processor for processing data in an awake state, also called a CPU (Central Processing Unit ), and a coprocessor; a coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 301 may integrate a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit, image processor) for rendering and drawing of content required to be displayed by the display screen.
Memory 302 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. Memory 302 may also include high-speed random access memory, as well as non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium in memory 302 is used to store at least one instruction for execution by processor 301 to implement the engine shake detection method provided by embodiment 1 of the present application.
In some embodiments, the terminal may further optionally include: a communication interface 303, and at least one peripheral device. The processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 may be connected by a bus or signal lines. The respective peripheral devices may be connected to the communication interface 303 through a bus, signal line, or circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes: at least one of radio frequency circuitry 304, a display screen 305, and a power supply 306.
The communication interface 303 may be used to connect at least one peripheral device associated with an I/O (Input/Output) to the processor 301 and the memory 302. In some embodiments, processor 301, memory 302, and communication interface 303 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, either or both of the processor 301, the memory 302, and the communication interface 303 may be implemented on separate chips or circuit boards, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The Radio Frequency circuit 304 is configured to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also known as electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuitry 304 communicates with a communication network and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals.
The display screen 305 is used to display a UI (User Interface). The UI may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof.
The power supply 306 is used to power the various components in the electronic device.
Example 4:
on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, this embodiment discloses a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-readable computer program instructions configured to perform the operations of the engine shake detection method described in embodiment 1 when run.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the application described above may be implemented in a general purpose computing device, they may be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed across a network of computing devices, or they may alternatively be implemented in program code executable by computing devices, such that they may be stored in a memory device for execution by the computing devices, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps within them may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present application, and not limiting thereof; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An engine vibration detection method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
acquiring vibration signals of an engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;
obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;
extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data;
and carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.
2. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: preprocessing the vibration signal to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal, wherein the preprocessing comprises the following steps:
filtering the vibration signal to obtain a vibration signal after filtering;
carrying out centering treatment on the vibration signal after filtering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after centering treatment;
performing time domain weighting treatment on the vibration signal after the centering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after the weighting treatment;
and carrying out averaging treatment on the weighted vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals.
3. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained according to the preprocessed vibration signal, a Fourier transform method is adopted.
4. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: obtaining a vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, wherein the vibration characteristic spectrum comprises the following steps:
performing autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain an autocorrelation operation vibration signal;
and carrying out Fourier transformation on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum.
5. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further comprises the following steps:
separating and obtaining vibration fundamental frequency signals from the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum;
performing smoothing processing on the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain a smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;
obtaining the crankshaft rotating speed of the current engine according to the vibration fundamental frequency signal after the smoothing treatment;
and obtaining a performance identification result of the current engine according to the rotating speed of the crankshaft.
6. The engine shake detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the crankshaft rotation speed is as follows:
v=60（α/2）f 0 /i；
in the method, in the process of the application,αas the number of strokes of the current engine,f 0 for the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal,iis the number of cylinders of the current engine.
7. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the engine fault identification result is obtained, the method further comprises the following steps:
and obtaining an engine maintenance scheme according to the engine fault identification result.
8. An engine vibration detection system, characterized in that: for implementing the engine shake detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the engine vibration detection system includes:
the signal preprocessing module is used for acquiring vibration signals of the engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;
the signal conversion module is in communication connection with the signal preprocessing module and is used for obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;
the feature extraction module is in communication connection with the signal conversion module and is used for carrying out feature extraction on the vibration feature frequency spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;
the fault identification module is in communication connection with the feature extraction module and is used for carrying out running state identification on the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
a memory for storing computer program instructions; the method comprises the steps of,
a processor for executing the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the engine shake detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer program instructions readable by a computer, characterized by: the computer program instructions are configured to perform the operations of the engine shock detection method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when run.
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