CN116907861A - An engine vibration detection method, system, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of engine detection, and aims to provide an engine vibration detection method, an engine vibration detection system, an engine vibration detection device and a storage medium. According to the application, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time, and the vibration signal is preprocessed, so that the preprocessed vibration signal is obtained; then obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; and finally, carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result. In the process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly show the fault cause of the engine, and the engine fault can be identified more accurately and with higher accuracy by detecting the vibration fault of the engine through the vibration characteristic data.

Description

An engine vibration detection method, system, equipment and storage medium

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engine detection, and specifically relates to an engine vibration detection method, system, equipment and storage medium.

Background technique

An engine, also known as an engine, is a device that can convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy. The engine is a rotating equipment. During the operation of the engine, if there are faults such as aging components, clogged injectors, carbon deposits in the cylinder, etc., it will usually cause abnormal vibration of the engine. Therefore, during the operation of the engine, the engine should be vibrated. Detection and analysis based on vibration detection data can facilitate engine fault diagnosis.

At present, in the process of vibration detection of the engine, vibration sensors are installed on the engine and the operating vibration data of the engine under different working conditions are obtained to form a vibration database; during the engine running process, the real-time vibration data of the engine is collected in real time. , and then compare the real-time vibration data with the operating vibration data in the vibration database one by one. If the similarity with one of the operating vibration data is greater than the specified limit value, the engine is considered to be in the working condition corresponding to the operating vibration data. In this way, the judgment of engine operating failure can be realized.

However, in the process of using the prior art, the inventor discovered that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

In the existing technology, the accuracy of engine fault judgment depends on the integrity of the data in the vibration database. That is to say, the operating vibration spectrum corresponding to the engine under different fault types needs to be collected in advance to achieve accurate judgment of engine operating faults. At the same time, it is impossible to The accuracy of fault identification when the engine is in multiple fault combination states is low.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems at least to a certain extent. The present invention provides an engine vibration detection method, system, equipment and storage medium.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

In a first aspect, the present invention provides an engine vibration detection method, including:

Obtain the vibration signal of the engine in real time, preprocess the vibration signal, and obtain the preprocessed vibration signal;

Obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;

Perform feature extraction on the vibration characteristic spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data;

Based on the preset vibration spectrum database, the vibration characteristic data is identified as running state, and the engine fault identification result is obtained.

The invention can detect engine faults with high accuracy. Specifically, during the implementation of the present invention, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time and the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal; then the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained based on the preprocessed vibration signal; and then Feature extraction is performed on the vibration characteristic spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; finally, the operating status of the vibration characteristic data is identified based on the preset vibration spectrum database, and the engine fault identification result is obtained. In this process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly indicate the cause of the engine failure. The detection of engine vibration faults through the vibration characteristic data can more accurately identify engine faults and avoid the direct integration of the real-time engine vibration data with the vibration database in the existing technology. The problem of low detection accuracy caused by comparing the data in the data.

In a possible design, the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal, including:

Filter the vibration signal to obtain a filtered vibration signal;

Perform centralized processing on the filtered vibration signal to obtain the centralized processed vibration signal;

Perform time-domain weighting processing on the centralized-processed vibration signal to obtain a weighted-processed vibration signal;

The weighted vibration signal is averaged to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal.

In a possible design, the Fourier transform method is used to obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum based on the preprocessed vibration signal.

In a possible design, the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained based on the preprocessed vibration signal, including:

Perform autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain the vibration signal after autocorrelation operation;

Fourier transform is performed on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum.

In a possible design, after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further includes:

Separate the vibration fundamental frequency signal from the vibration characteristic spectrum;

Smooth the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain a smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;

Obtain the current crankshaft speed of the engine according to the smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;

The performance identification result of the current engine is obtained according to the crankshaft speed.

In one possible design, the crankshaft speed is:

v =60( α /2) f ₀ / i ;

In the formula, α is the stroke number of the current engine, f ₀ is the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal, and i is the number of cylinders of the current engine.

In a possible design, after obtaining the engine fault identification result, the method further includes:

An engine maintenance plan is obtained based on the engine fault identification results.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides an engine vibration detection system, used to implement the engine vibration detection method as described in any one of the above; the engine vibration detection system includes:

A signal preprocessing module is used to obtain the vibration signal of the engine in real time, and preprocess the vibration signal to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal;

A signal conversion module, communicatively connected to the signal preprocessing module, used to obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;

A feature extraction module, communicatively connected to the signal conversion module, is used to extract features from the vibration feature spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;

A fault identification module is communicatively connected to the feature extraction module, and is used to identify the operating status of the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including:

Memory for storing computer program instructions; and,

A processor, configured to execute the computer program instructions to complete the operation of the engine vibration detection method as described in any one of the above.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-readable computer program instructions configured to perform engine vibration detection as described in any one of the above when running. Method operation.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of an engine vibration detection method in an embodiment;

Figure 2 is a module block diagram of an engine vibration detection system in the embodiment;

Figure 3 is a module block diagram of an electronic device in the embodiment.

Detailed ways

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the drawings is only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts. It should be noted here that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1:

This embodiment discloses an engine vibration detection method, which can be, but is not limited to, executed by a computer device or a virtual machine with certain computing resources, such as by an electronic device such as a personal computer, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant or a wearable device, or Executed by a virtual machine. Specifically, in this embodiment, the computing unit in a computer device or virtual machine with certain computing resources is implemented based on the XC878 processor with strong data processing capabilities. The XC878 processor includes an arithmetic logic unit, ACC register, B register and Program status word register, etc., its maximum external clock frequency can reach 144MHz, which can meet the subsequent operation of vibration signal. At the same time, it uses two clock cycles, allowing fast access to random access memory or read-only memory, without waiting state, and can meet the requirement of vibration data timely storage, etc., the function is relatively powerful, and is suitable for the application of the engine vibration detection method in this embodiment.

As shown in Figure 1, an engine vibration detection method can, but is not limited to, include the following steps:

S1. Acquire the vibration signal of the engine in real time, and perform preprocessing on the vibration signal to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a vibration sensor is installed on the cylinder head of the engine in advance to achieve Engine vibration signal detection. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the vibration signal is a digital signal. The vibration sensor can detect the current vibration analog signal of the engine. After analog-to-digital conversion, the vibration digital signal can be obtained, which is the vibration in this application. Signal.

In this embodiment, the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal, including:

S101. Filter the vibration signal to obtain the filtered vibration signal;

S102. Centralize the filtered vibration signal to obtain the centralized vibration signal; it should be noted that the vibration signal obtained by the vibration sensor detecting vibration of the current engine is a superposition of a random vibration signal and a periodic vibration signal. As a result, there should be no obvious trend term. If it exists, it should be eliminated. Otherwise, the obtained preprocessed vibration signal will be distorted. Therefore, in this embodiment, centralized processing is used to eliminate the trend in the filtered vibration signal. item.

S103. Perform time-domain weighting processing on the centralized-processed vibration signal to obtain a weighted-processed vibration signal; it should be noted that in this embodiment, time-domain weighting processing can reduce the omission of the centralized-processed vibration signal. item.

S104. Perform averaging processing on the weighted vibration signal to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the averaging process can avoid the problem of excessive estimated mean square error when the vibration characteristic spectrum is subsequently obtained based on the preprocessed vibration signal. In this embodiment, the averaging process may be implemented by, but is not limited to, the root mean square averaging algorithm.

S2. Obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal; it should be noted that the vibration spectrum is used to describe the distribution of vibration signals in the frequency domain and can usually provide more intuitive characteristic information than the time domain waveform. Specifically, the vibration characteristic spectrum is the representation of the vibration signal in the frequency domain. In this embodiment, the vibration characteristic spectrum can be obtained by Fourier transform (or other similar transformation) of the preprocessed vibration signal. In the vibration characteristic spectrum, the abscissa represents frequency, and the ordinate represents vibration amplitude or energy at the corresponding frequency.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained based on the preprocessed vibration signal, including:

S201. Perform autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain the vibration signal after autocorrelation operation;

S202. Perform Fourier transform on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum.

S3. Perform feature extraction on the vibration characteristic spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; in this embodiment, during the feature extraction process of the vibration characteristic spectrum, the vibration characteristic spectrum is also amplified to improve its performance at the same time. Vibration amplitude at vibration frequency, thereby improving the sensitivity of engine fault detection. Specifically, in this embodiment, when extracting features from the vibration characteristic spectrum, features such as fundamental frequency identification algorithm, harmonic frequency identification algorithm, envelope analysis method, wavelet packet identification method, and state identification method may be used, but are not limited to The extraction method is implemented and is not limited here.

S4. Perform operating status identification on the vibration characteristic data based on the preset vibration spectrum database to obtain engine fault identification results. Specifically, in this embodiment, the steps for obtaining the vibration spectrum database are as follows: obtain the operating vibration spectrum of the engine under different working conditions to form a vibration spectrum database.

In this embodiment, after obtaining the engine fault identification result, the method further includes:

S5. Obtain an engine maintenance plan based on the engine fault identification results. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a database of engine fault identification results and corresponding engine maintenance plans is pre-stored, so that the corresponding engine maintenance plan can be obtained from the database based on the engine fault identification results, thereby facilitating the user to make timely decisions. The engine is inspected.

In this embodiment, after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further includes:

A1. Separate the vibration fundamental frequency signal from the vibration characteristic spectrum; it should be noted that since the energy at the fundamental frequency is relatively large, in this embodiment, the complex modulus value except the DC component from the vibration frequency domain signal is The maximum point is the vibration fundamental frequency signal;

A2. Smooth the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain the smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal; it should be noted that smoothing the vibration fundamental frequency signal can facilitate the reduction of subsequent vibration according to the smoothing process. The vibration fundamental frequency signal obtains the error at the current engine crankshaft speed.

A3. Obtain the current crankshaft speed of the engine according to the smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;

Specifically, in this embodiment, the crankshaft speed is:

v =60( α /2) f ₀ / i ;

In the formula, α is the stroke number of the current engine, f ₀ is the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal, and i is the number of cylinders of the current engine.

A4. Obtain the performance identification result of the current engine according to the crankshaft speed.

This embodiment can detect engine faults with high accuracy. Specifically, during the implementation of this embodiment, the vibration signal of the engine is obtained in real time and the vibration signal is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal; and then the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained based on the preprocessed vibration signal; Then, feature extraction is performed on the vibration characteristic spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data; finally, the operating status of the vibration characteristic data is identified based on the preset vibration spectrum database, and the engine fault identification result is obtained. In this process, the vibration characteristic data can clearly indicate the cause of the engine failure. The detection of engine vibration faults through the vibration characteristic data can more accurately identify engine faults and avoid the direct integration of the real-time engine vibration data with the vibration database in the existing technology. The problem of low detection accuracy caused by comparing the data in the data.

Example 2:

This embodiment discloses an engine vibration detection system, which is used to implement the engine vibration detection method in Embodiment 1; as shown in Figure 2, the engine vibration detection system includes:

A signal preprocessing module is used to obtain the vibration signal of the engine in real time, and preprocess the vibration signal to obtain the preprocessed vibration signal;

A signal conversion module, communicatively connected to the signal preprocessing module, used to obtain the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;

A feature extraction module, communicatively connected to the signal conversion module, is used to extract features from the vibration feature spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;

A fault identification module is communicatively connected to the feature extraction module, and is used to identify the operating status of the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.

Example 3:

Based on Embodiment 1 or 2, this embodiment discloses an electronic device, which may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, etc. Electronic equipment may be called terminals, portable terminals, desktop terminals, etc. As shown in Figure 3, electronic equipment includes:

Memory for storing computer program instructions; and,

A processor, configured to execute the computer program instructions to complete the operation of the engine vibration detection method as described in any one of Embodiment 1.

Specifically, the processor 301 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, etc. The processor 301 can be implemented in at least one hardware form among DSP (Digital Signal Processing, digital signal processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array, programmable logic array). . The processor 301 may also include a main processor and a co-processor. The main processor is a processor used to process data in the wake-up state, also called CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit); the co-processor is A low-power processor used to process data in standby mode. In some embodiments, the processor 301 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit, image processor), and the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing content to be displayed on the display screen.

Memory 302 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. Memory 302 may also include high-speed random access memory, and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in the memory 302 is used to store at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is used to be executed by the processor 301 to implement the engine vibration provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application. Detection method.

In some embodiments, the terminal optionally further includes: a communication interface 303 and at least one peripheral device. The processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 may be connected through a bus or a signal line. Each peripheral device can be connected to the communication interface 303 through a bus, a signal line or a circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes: at least one of a radio frequency circuit 304, a display screen 305, and a power supply 306.

The communication interface 303 may be used to connect at least one I/O (Input/Output, input/output) related peripheral device to the processor 301 and the memory 302 . In some embodiments, the processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or both of the processor 301, the memory 302 and the communication interface 303 It can be implemented on a separate chip or circuit board, which is not limited in this embodiment.

The radio frequency circuit 304 is used to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency, radio frequency) signals, also called electromagnetic signals. Radio frequency circuit 304 communicates with communication networks and other communication devices through electromagnetic signals.

The display screen 305 is used to display UI (User Interface, user interface). The UI can include graphics, text, icons, videos, and any combination thereof.

The power supply 306 is used to power various components in the electronic device.

Example 4:

Based on any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, this embodiment discloses a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-readable computer program instructions, where the computer program instructions are configured to run The operation of the engine vibration detection method described in Embodiment 1 is performed.

Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed across a network composed of multiple computing devices. , optionally, they can be implemented with program codes executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they can be separately made into individual integrated circuit modules, or they can be Multiple modules or steps are made into a single integrated circuit module. As such, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be used Modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. However, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of each embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An engine vibration detection method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

acquiring vibration signals of an engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;

obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;

extracting the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum to obtain vibration characteristic data;

and carrying out running state identification on the vibration characteristic data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.

2. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: preprocessing the vibration signal to obtain a preprocessed vibration signal, wherein the preprocessing comprises the following steps:

filtering the vibration signal to obtain a vibration signal after filtering;

carrying out centering treatment on the vibration signal after filtering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after centering treatment;

performing time domain weighting treatment on the vibration signal after the centering treatment to obtain a vibration signal after the weighting treatment;

and carrying out averaging treatment on the weighted vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals.

3. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the vibration characteristic spectrum is obtained according to the preprocessed vibration signal, a Fourier transform method is adopted.

4. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: obtaining a vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, wherein the vibration characteristic spectrum comprises the following steps:

performing autocorrelation operation on the preprocessed vibration signal to obtain an autocorrelation operation vibration signal;

and carrying out Fourier transformation on the vibration signal after the autocorrelation operation to obtain a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum.

5. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after obtaining the vibration characteristic spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal, the method further comprises the following steps:

separating and obtaining vibration fundamental frequency signals from the vibration characteristic frequency spectrum;

performing smoothing processing on the vibration fundamental frequency signal to obtain a smoothed vibration fundamental frequency signal;

obtaining the crankshaft rotating speed of the current engine according to the vibration fundamental frequency signal after the smoothing treatment;

and obtaining a performance identification result of the current engine according to the rotating speed of the crankshaft.

6. The engine shake detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the crankshaft rotation speed is as follows:

v=60（α/2）f ₀ /i；

in the method, in the process of the application,αas the number of strokes of the current engine,f ₀ for the frequency of the vibration fundamental frequency signal,iis the number of cylinders of the current engine.

7. The engine shake detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the engine fault identification result is obtained, the method further comprises the following steps:

and obtaining an engine maintenance scheme according to the engine fault identification result.

8. An engine vibration detection system, characterized in that: for implementing the engine shake detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the engine vibration detection system includes:

the signal preprocessing module is used for acquiring vibration signals of the engine in real time, and preprocessing the vibration signals to obtain preprocessed vibration signals;

the signal conversion module is in communication connection with the signal preprocessing module and is used for obtaining a vibration characteristic frequency spectrum according to the preprocessed vibration signal;

the feature extraction module is in communication connection with the signal conversion module and is used for carrying out feature extraction on the vibration feature frequency spectrum to obtain vibration feature data;

the fault identification module is in communication connection with the feature extraction module and is used for carrying out running state identification on the vibration feature data based on a preset vibration spectrum database to obtain an engine fault identification result.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

a memory for storing computer program instructions; the method comprises the steps of,

a processor for executing the computer program instructions to perform the operations of the engine shake detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer program instructions readable by a computer, characterized by: the computer program instructions are configured to perform the operations of the engine shock detection method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when run.