CN116907787A - Assessment test method for wind measurement accuracy of cabin surface of water surface ship - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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Abstract
The application provides a test method for evaluating wind measurement precision of a cabin surface of a water surface ship, which mainly comprises a method for evaluating system error distribution and selecting a reference wind measuring sensor, a method for overall designing the reference wind measuring sensor, an evaluation test and a data processing method, and is used for evaluating the wind measurement precision of a real ship wind measuring sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wind measurement research of a water surface ship, in particular to a method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement precision of a cabin surface of the water surface ship.
Background
In order to ensure sailing safety, special equipment use and the like, a wind measuring sensor is commonly arranged on the surface ship, so that the measurement of the wind speed, the wind direction and the like of the cabin surface is realized. The wind measuring sensor is required to have no barrier around the installation part, and the wind field is required to be as wide as possible so as to ensure the measurement accuracy. Because the surface ship is generally provided with a plurality of antennas or sensors such as radar, communication and photoelectric sensing, a single wind measuring sensor is generally difficult to arrange in a free wind field without any obstacle, 2 wind measuring sensors are generally arranged on two sides of the main mast symmetrically, and the safety navigation requirement of the ship can be basically met through wind field complementation treatment and the like, but with new requirements, new technology development and the like, the requirement of special task loads such as a carrier on the wind measuring precision of the cabin surface is gradually difficult to meet.
At present, the wind direction and wind speed measuring precision of the wind measuring sensor is mainly measured through a wind tunnel test bed in China, the wind measuring effect of the wind measuring sensor under the installation condition of a real ship is mainly researched through means such as simulation calculation, and the actual effect of the wind measurement of the cabin surface of the real ship is difficult to comprehensively and accurately reflect. Therefore, the research of the wind measuring precision evaluation test method of the real ship of the wind measuring sensor of the water surface ship is necessary to be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems by providing a test method for evaluating the wind measuring precision of the bilge of the water surface ship, which can effectively evaluate the wind measuring effect of the wind measuring sensor and provide a reference basis for researching the overall arrangement optimization criterion of the wind measuring sensor.
Embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement precision of a bilge of a water surface ship, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, selecting a reference wind measuring sensor:
the evaluation system comprises a wind direction measurement error and a wind speed measurement error, and the selection of a reference wind measuring sensor is determined according to the total error of the evaluation system and the distribution principle of errors of each link;
step b, arrangement of a reference wind measuring sensor:
determining an ideal measuring point position of a reference anemometer sensor, wherein influencing factors comprise: the distance between the wind measuring device and the deck, the distance between the wind measuring device and the obstacle and the distance between the wind measuring device and the wind measuring sensor to be measured are relative;
step c, mounting a reference wind measuring sensor:
the standard wind measuring sensor is installed through a bracket, a finite element modeling simulation calculation method is adopted according to the bracket height and the selected bracket materials, which are defined by the overall arrangement of the standard wind measuring sensor, the structural design and rigidity accounting of the standard wind measuring sensor installation bracket are carried out, the maximum stress under the conditions of the rolling inertia load and the pitching inertia load is required to be smaller than the allowable stress of the bracket, and the ratio of the maximum displacement to the bracket is not greater than 1%;
step d, evaluation test:
step d1, selecting test samples, synchronously recording measurement data of wind speed and wind direction of a wind measuring sensor to be evaluated and a reference wind measuring sensor, and selecting samples according to an interval range of relative wind direction angles;
and d2, data processing, namely dividing a plurality of sections according to relative wind direction angles by taking the measured value of a reference wind measuring sensor as a reference, counting the absolute error of each section, and dividing the wind speed according to grades.
In some alternative embodiments, the evaluation system error allocation principle in step a is as follows:
γ 1 ≤1/3*γ 0 ，
wherein sigma is the total error of the wind direction of the evaluation system, sigma 1 For measuring error, sigma of wind direction of reference wind measuring sensor 2 As the parallelism error sigma between the reference wind measuring sensor and the ship bow-stern line 3 To evaluate the parallelism error sigma between the wind measuring sensor and the ship bow-stern line 0 To assess the accuracy of wind sensor relative wind direction measurement, gamma 1 Measuring error, gamma of wind speed of reference wind measuring sensor 0 For measuring relative wind speed of wind measuring sensor to be assessedPrecision;
and combining the equipment and engineering realizable conditions of each link, distributing errors of each link, and selecting a basic wind measuring sensor according to the specific distributed errors.
In some alternative embodiments, the reference anemometer sensor measurement location influencing factors are specifically:
the reference anemometry sensor is arranged at a distance of not lower than 4m from the deck; the distance between the wind measuring tower and the obstacle is more than 10 times of the height of the obstacle, or the distance between the wind measuring tower and the obstacle is more than 6 times of the diameter of the wind measuring tower; and the wind measuring sensor is positioned at the same height as the wind measuring sensor to be evaluated, so that the horizontal distance is shortened.
In some alternative embodiments, the test samples are selected such that the number of samples per 5 ° range relative to the wind direction is no less than 100; if the starting wind speed of the anemometry sensor is V 0 M/s, eliminating the wind speed of the reference wind measuring sensor to be less than or equal to 1.5V 0 Is a sample of (a).
In some alternative embodiments, the data processing specifically includes the following:
dividing according to relative wind direction angles, taking 5 degrees as intervals, and counting the average value and the mean square error of the absolute error of the wind direction of the wind sensor to be evaluated in 72 intervals respectively, wherein i-2, i-1, i, i+1, i+2 are one interval, i=0, 1,2,3, …,70 and 71; the wind speeds are classified according to the wind speed grades, and the wind speeds of 1-8 grades are respectively listed.
In some alternative embodiments, the mean value of the absolute error, the mean square error, is calculated as follows:
wherein X is i To evaluate the output value of the wind sensor, Y i E, taking the output value of the reference anemometer sensor as the reference i Errors corresponding to each set of data;for all errors e i And obtaining the root mean square, thus obtaining the deviation E under the typical aviation state.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: according to the assessment test method for the wind measurement precision of the bilge of the water surface ship, the wind measurement precision of the real ship of the wind sensor of the water surface ship is assessed, the actual effect of the wind measurement of the real ship bilge is comprehensively and accurately reflected, related data are collected through the real ship test, and basic support is provided for the follow-up development of the overall optimization design of the wind sensor.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1a is a front view of a reference anemometry sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 1b is a top view of a reference anemometry sensor arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a bracket stress cloud chart of the reference anemometry sensor bracket according to the embodiment of the application when the bracket is under self weight;
FIG. 3 is a cloud chart showing the displacement of the support of the reference anemometer sensor support according to the embodiment of the present application when the support is under the dead weight;
FIG. 4 is a graph of sample distribution in terms of wind direction according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a chart of average error of wind direction during sailing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of stage 8 wind speed relative error during voyage in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use of the product of the application, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The features and capabilities of the present application are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
The application aims at the actual requirements of the actual ship cabin surface wind precision assessment of the current surface ship, and simultaneously, the actual ship wind speed and wind direction true value measurement is difficult, and the wind measuring sensor precision is difficult to assess. The test method for evaluating the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge surface of the water surface ship can be used for evaluating the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge surface of a typical installation position of a wind sensor on a real ship.
A method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement precision of a cabin surface of a water surface ship comprises the following steps:
(1) Evaluation system error distribution and reference anemometry sensor selection method
(1) The wind direction error distribution and reference wind measuring sensor selection method comprises the following steps: to-be-assessed relative wind direction measurement precision sigma of wind measuring sensor 0 Reference anemometry sensor wind direction measurement error sigma 1 Reference wind measuring sensor and ship bow-stern line parallelism error sigma 2 To-be-assessed parallelism error sigma of wind measuring sensor and ship bow-stern line 3 By evaluating the total error of the systemAnd the principle of (2) is combined with the equipment and engineering realizable conditions of each link, the error of each link is distributed, and a reference anemometry sensor is selected on the basis of the work.
(2) The wind speed error distribution and reference wind measuring sensor selection method comprises the following steps: measuring accuracy gamma of relative wind speed of wind measuring sensor to be assessed 0 Wind speed measurement error gamma of reference anemometer sensor 1 According to the principle of gamma 1 ≤1/3*γ 0 And selecting a reference anemometry sensor.
(2) Reference anemometry sensor arrangement and installation design
(1) Reference anemometry sensor overall arrangement: the ideal observation point of the reference anemometry sensor is not lower than 4m from the deck; the distance between the wind measuring sensor and the obstacle is more than 10 times of the height of the obstacle, or the distance between the wind measuring point and the wind measuring tower is more than 6 times of the diameter of the wind measuring tower; and the wind measuring sensor is at the same height as much as possible, and the horizontal distance is as close as possible.
(2) Design of a reference anemometry sensor mounting bracket: and (3) carrying out structural design and rigidity accounting of the mounting bracket of the reference wind sensor by adopting a finite element modeling simulation calculation method according to the bracket height (h) and the like with definite overall arrangement of the reference wind sensor, wherein the maximum stress under the conditions of rolling inertial load and pitching inertial load is required to be smaller than the allowable stress of the bracket, and the ratio of the maximum displacement to the bracket is not greater than 1%.
(3) Assessment test and data processing method
(1) Test sample selection: synchronously recording the wind direction and wind speed measurement data of the wind measuring sensor to be evaluated and the wind measuring sensor of the reference wind measuring sensor, wherein the number of samples in the range of 5 degrees relative to the wind direction angle is required to be not less than 100. If the starting wind speed of the anemometry sensor is V 0 And (3) eliminating the wind speed of the reference wind measuring sensor to be less than or equal to 1.5 x V if m/s 0 Is a sample of (a).
(2) The data processing method comprises the following steps: the reference wind measuring sensor measurement value is taken as a reference, the wind measuring sensor measurement value is divided according to the relative wind direction angle, and the relative wind direction angle is taken as an interval of 5 degrees, and the total of 72 sections are 72, wherein i-2, i-1, i, i+1 and i+2 are one section, i=0, 1,2,3, …,70 and 71 (i-2 and i-1 respectively correspond to 358 degrees and 359 degrees when i=0). Respectively counting the average value and the mean square error of the absolute error of the wind direction of the wind measuring sensor to be evaluated at the port and the starboard in 72 intervals according to the calculation methods of the formula (1) and the formula (2); the wind speeds are classified according to the wind speed grades, and the wind speeds of 1-8 grades are respectively listed.
Wherein: x is X i To evaluate the output value of the wind sensor, Y i E, taking the output value of the reference anemometer sensor as the reference i Errors corresponding to each set of data; for all errors e i And obtaining the root mean square, and obtaining the deviation E under the typical navigation state.
Example 1
Taking a test process of measuring the accuracy of wind measurement of the cabin surface of a certain surface ship as an example, the specific implementation mode is described:
(1) Evaluation system error distribution and reference anemometry sensor selection method
(1) The wind direction related error distribution and reference wind measuring sensor selection method comprises the following steps: measurement precision sigma of relative wind direction of propeller wind measuring sensor of real ship to be assessed 0 Less than or equal to + -5 degrees; reference anemometry sensor wind direction error sigma 1 : better than 1.5 °; reference anemometry sensor and bow-stern line parallelism error sigma 2 Less than or equal to 0.2 degrees; to-be-assessed parallelism error sigma of wind measuring sensor and ship bow-stern line 3 Less than or equal to 0.2 degrees; then the total error isSatisfy less than 1/3 sigma 0 Requirements of =1.67°.
(2) The wind speed related error distribution and reference wind measuring sensor selection method comprises the following steps: wind speed measurement error gamma of propeller wind measuring sensor of real ship to be assessed 0 Less than or equal to (+/-) (0.5+0.05V) m/s, V is the measured wind speed, and the reference wind measuring sensorError gamma of wind speed measurement 1 Less than or equal to +/-0.015V m/s, and meets the requirement of gamma 1 ≤1/3*γ 0 Requirements.
(2) Reference anemometry sensor arrangement and installation design
(1) Reference anemometry sensor overall arrangement: the two propeller wind measuring sensors 1 to be evaluated are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the mast cross truss 2, and the reference wind measuring sensor 3 is arranged in detail as shown in fig. 1.
(2) The design of the reference anemometry sensor mounting bracket 4: first, based on the chosen scaffold material (20 steel), the main mechanical properties were determined as yield strength σs=245 MPa, young's modulus of elasticity e=205.6 GPa, poisson's ratio μ=0.3 and density ρ=7850 kg/m 3 。
And establishing a bracket finite element model according to the selected design structure and materials. By applying the dead weight and inertial force of the bracket (roll and pitch states under the condition of maximum allowable sea conditions) to the relevant nodes through a calculation program, the method comprises the following steps of:
and (3) rolling: px=0, py=0.914·m·g+0.707·m·g+961sxz
PZ＝-0.981·M·g
Pitching: px=0.978·m·g+0.174m·g+1862syz, py=0
PZ＝-1.505M·g
The PZ value when rolling is equal to the PZ value when pitching, and the intensity is safe. The maximum stress (Fmax), the maximum displacement (Xmax) and the maximum displacement (Ymax) under the conditions of dead load, rolling inertial load and pitching inertial load are calculated through simulation respectively, and the dead load simulation is taken as an example, and the details are shown in fig. 2 and 3. The results are shown in the following table:
xu Yongzheng stress [ sigma ] = 0.45 sigma s = 0.45 x 245MPa = 110MPa.
The support rod can meet the design requirement that the strength and the maximum displacement to support ratio are not more than 1 percent.
(3) Assessment test and data processing method
(1) Test sampleSelecting: the starting wind speed of the wind measuring sensor is V 0 (m/s), eliminating the wind speed of the reference wind measuring sensor to be less than or equal to 1.5 x V 0 (m/s) samples. See fig. 4 for details.
(2) The data processing method comprises the following steps: as can be seen from fig. 5, the wind direction average error curves of the left and right sides are distributed substantially symmetrically with the middle angle area as the center, which means that the blocked condition of the wind direction is relatively symmetrical. The port sensor varies greatly from 55 to 165 degrees and the starboard sensor varies greatly from 195 to 285 degrees. As can be seen from the schematic diagram of the installation position of the wind sensor in fig. 1, the above angle interval varies greatly, mainly due to the shielding of the middle spherical radar 5.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the port wind speed relative error is in the range of [0 °,45 ° ], 315 °,355 ° ] and starboard wind speed relative error is in the range of [0 °,30 ° ], 300 °,355 ° ] wind speed relative error is lower than 20%, which means that these four ranges are not substantially affected by occlusion, and the measurement error is caused by the mechanical error and the installation height difference of the propeller sensor and the ultrasonic sensor. The relative errors of the port wind speed and the starboard wind speed in other angle intervals are increased to different degrees, and the installation position schematic diagram of the wind measuring sensor in fig. 1 shows that the wind measuring sensor is mainly blocked and influenced by obstacles such as an intermediate radar. Fig. 5 and 6 show that the mast middle spherical radar on some specific wind directions forms a shelter for the two side anemometry sensors respectively, whether the port anemometry sensor or the starboard anemometry sensor.
Claims (6)
1. The method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement precision of the cabin surface of the water surface ship is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step a, selecting a reference wind measuring sensor:
the evaluation system comprises a wind direction measurement error and a wind speed measurement error, and the selection of a reference wind measuring sensor is determined according to the total error of the evaluation system and the distribution principle of errors of each link;
step b, arrangement of a reference wind measuring sensor:
determining an ideal measuring point position of a reference anemometer sensor, wherein influencing factors comprise: the distance between the wind measuring device and the deck, the distance between the wind measuring device and the obstacle and the distance between the wind measuring device and the wind measuring sensor to be measured are relative;
step c, mounting a reference wind measuring sensor:
the standard wind measuring sensor is installed through a bracket, a finite element modeling simulation calculation method is adopted according to the bracket height and the selected bracket materials, which are defined by the overall arrangement of the standard wind measuring sensor, the structural design and rigidity accounting of the standard wind measuring sensor installation bracket are carried out, the maximum stress under the conditions of the rolling inertia load and the pitching inertia load is required to be smaller than the allowable stress of the bracket, and the ratio of the maximum displacement to the bracket is not greater than 1%;
step d, evaluation test:
step d1, selecting test samples, synchronously recording measurement data of wind speed and wind direction of a wind measuring sensor to be evaluated and a reference wind measuring sensor, and selecting samples according to an interval range of relative wind direction angles;
and d2, data processing, namely dividing a plurality of sections according to relative wind direction angles by taking the measured value of a reference wind measuring sensor as a reference, counting the absolute error of each section, and dividing the wind speed according to grades.
2. The method for assessing the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge of a surface vessel according to claim 1, wherein the assessment system error distribution principle in the step a is as follows:
γ 1 ≤1/3*γ 0 ，
wherein sigma is the total error of the wind direction of the evaluation system, sigma 1 For measuring error, sigma of wind direction of reference wind measuring sensor 2 As the parallelism error sigma between the reference wind measuring sensor and the ship bow-stern line 3 To evaluate the parallelism error sigma between the wind measuring sensor and the ship bow-stern line 0 To assess the accuracy of wind sensor relative wind direction measurement, gamma 1 Measuring error, gamma of wind speed of reference wind measuring sensor 0 Measuring the relative wind speed of the wind measuring sensor to be evaluated;
and combining the equipment and engineering realizable conditions of each link, distributing errors of each link, and selecting a basic wind measuring sensor according to the specific distributed errors.
3. The method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge of the surface ship according to claim 2, wherein the reference wind measurement sensor measuring position influencing factors are specifically as follows:
the reference anemometry sensor is arranged at a distance of not lower than 4m from the deck; the distance between the wind measuring tower and the obstacle is more than 10 times of the height of the obstacle, or the distance between the wind measuring tower and the obstacle is more than 6 times of the diameter of the wind measuring tower; and the wind measuring sensor is positioned at the same height as the wind measuring sensor to be evaluated, so that the horizontal distance is shortened.
4. A method of assessing accuracy of wind measurement on a surface vessel deck according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the selection of said test samples requires not less than 100 samples per 5 ° of relative wind direction; if the starting wind speed of the anemometry sensor is V 0 M/s, eliminating the wind speed of the reference wind measuring sensor to be less than or equal to 1.5V 0 Is a sample of (a).
5. The method for assessing the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge of a surface vessel according to claim 4, wherein the data processing comprises the following specific steps:
dividing according to relative wind direction angles, taking 5 degrees as intervals, and counting the average value and the mean square error of the absolute error of the wind direction of the wind sensor to be evaluated in 72 intervals respectively, wherein i-2, i-1, i, i+1, i+2 are one interval, i=0, 1,2,3, …,70 and 71; the wind speeds are classified according to the wind speed grades, and the wind speeds of 1-8 grades are respectively listed.
6. The method for evaluating and testing the wind measurement accuracy of the bilge of the surface ship according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the average value and the mean square error of the absolute error is as follows:
wherein X is i To evaluate the output value of the wind sensor, Y i E, taking the output value of the reference anemometer sensor as the reference i Errors corresponding to each set of data; for all errors e i And obtaining the root mean square, thus obtaining the deviation E under the typical aviation state.
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