CN116907704A - Resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring - Google Patents
Resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN116907704A CN116907704A CN202311004926.3A CN202311004926A CN116907704A CN 116907704 A CN116907704 A CN 116907704A CN 202311004926 A CN202311004926 A CN 202311004926A CN 116907704 A CN116907704 A CN 116907704A
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- hob
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonixin Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O CLOMYZFHNHFSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010057175 Mass conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/225—Measuring circuits therefor
- G01L1/2262—Measuring circuits therefor involving simple electrical bridges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2287—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges constructional details of the strain gauges
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring, wherein the bottom and the side parts of the sensor are designed into a support form to form a shear beam structure. The mounting position of the strain gauge in the sensor is designed into a blind hole to form a local I-beam structure. The strain gauge is a double-shear resistance strain gauge and adopts a Wheatstone full-bridge circuit. The sensor remarkably improves the stress level and the measurement sensitivity of the measurement position, and meanwhile, construction tool changing is not affected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device detection technology in the full-face hard rock development machine industry, in particular to a resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring.
Background
The full-section hard rock tunneling machine is a large-scale engineering machine which is driven by rotary rock breaking of a cutter head to form a full section of a tunnel at one time. The TBM hob is arranged at the front end of the cutterhead, the disc hob is contacted with rock on the excavated surface, and the rock is locally loaded at multiple points through pushing and rotating. The TBM hob bears continuous dynamic load in the process of cutting rock, and the applied hob force is divided into forward force, rolling force and lateral force. When the tunnel construction meets superhard rock and an articulated rock body, the cutter head can be subjected to high thrust and impact load, so that the local hob of the cutter head is overloaded, and the hob ring is easily broken, cracked, the seal of the cutter body is invalid and the like. Therefore, the stress condition of the hob is accurately monitored, and tunneling parameters are timely adjusted accordingly, so that damage is reduced, and tunneling efficiency is improved.
The method utilizes the modes of in-situ tunneling test, full-size or small-size rock cutting test and the like to carry out deep analysis on the stress characteristics of the hob in the rock breaking process, and establishes a plurality of hob stress calculation models. Sanio et al (1995) introduced fracture toughness index based on cutter intrusion experiments and hob linear rock breaking experiments (LCM), and proposed a V-hob thrust calculation equation for heterogeneous rock. Rosami et al (1993,1997) studied equations for calculating the force of a constant section disc hob (CCS), proposed that hob cutting force be generated and controlled by the load distribution in the contact area between the rock and the tool, and established a calculation model of cutting force (CSM model) by linear regression based on experimental data. Liu Quansheng et al (2013) set up a rock breaking force calculation model applicable to constant section hobs by assuming the contact stress distribution pattern of the hobs and the rock. The individual hob loading on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine is typically estimated by global thrust. However, the complexity of the face rock mass condition and the operational condition of the cutterhead results in very uneven loading on the cutterhead, peak forces that may exceed many times the average.
Some scholars study the stress of the hob by adopting a direct measurement mode, namely, a measuring system with a sensing element is developed, a sensor is directly arranged at the bearing position of the hob, and the real-time stress of the hob for cutting rock is measured. In the laboratory, DREW et al (1979) attached strain gages to four posts under the tool block to measure forces in three directions of the hob. Chen Yonglong the strain gauges are arranged at 8 points in the middle part and the left and right sides of the single-blade disc type hob shaft, and are arranged on an indoor rotary tool experiment table to measure the rock breaking stress of the hob. Qu Chuan (2015) modifies the structure of the hob box cushion block, and the developed force sensor is arranged between the hob shaft and the cushion block. Entaceret al (2012) a force washer sensor and a cylindrical strain gauge are respectively mounted at the lower ends of 4 bolts and the inside of the bolts, wherein the cutter box is connected with the hob, and the hob stress is calculated by measuring the change of the bolt pretightening force. Chen Chaodeng (2015) with the cutter shaft spacer block as the measuring component, the resistance strain gauges are arranged on the outer surfaces of the lower end and the side ends of the spacer block to measure the three-way force applied by the hob. Wang Shaohua et al (2019) drill embedded cylindrical foil strain gauges on C-pad parts, and verified the feasibility of measurement by an indoor rotary cutting experiment. Yang Yandong and the like (2020) are provided with a force sensor between a cutter seat and a cutter head of the TBM tunneling mode comprehensive experiment platform, so that the forward loading of the hob can be measured.
The manner of direct measurement has the following disadvantages: the square force sensor is arranged between the cutter shaft and the cushion block, so that the structure between the cutter shaft and the cushion block is complicated, and the accuracy of the hob force measurement is affected. The force sensor is mounted at the connecting bolt, and likewise the wire arrangement is difficult and the force sensor is unstable. The cutter shaft cushion block is used as a measuring component, so that the problems of difficult wiring and unstable sensor measurement are solved, but the accuracy and sensitivity of the sensor still need to be improved. The method needs to modify the original structure of the hob, and has the advantages of complex installation process and high protection difficulty of a measuring system. The hob force is measured by installing force measuring elements on bearing parts such as a cutter box cushion block, a connecting bolt and the like, the method is easy to cause that the measurement result is influenced by unbalanced load, temperature and cloth position difference, and the measurement accuracy is difficult to control. Therefore, a sensor capable of efficiently and accurately monitoring hob force is needed.
The invention optimizes and improves the C-shaped cushion block to improve the accuracy and the sensibility of the C-shaped cushion block as a measuring sensor. According to the 17 inch constant section single hob cutter box structure used by the TBM, a real-time stress monitoring system for measuring the forward force and the rolling force of the hob is developed. The core component in the system is a two-way force sensor, and can replace the original C-shaped cushion block and be directly arranged in the wedge type hob box. The sensor is installed without influencing construction tool changing, and has important significance for engineering application of the hob stress real-time monitoring sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, the C-shaped cushion block is innovatively replaced by the sensor, and the sensor elastomer structure is optimally designed, so that the TBM hob stress measurement sensor which can adapt to the severe working environment of the hob and has high precision is formed.
The invention relates to a TBM hob stress measurement sensor, which is characterized in that: comprises a wedge block, a tension bolt, a tension block, a sensor, a knife ring and a knife shaft. The bottom and the side of the sensor are respectively provided with 1 blind hole. The cutter ring is arranged on the cutter shaft. The sensor is fixed on the box body through a fastening bolt and a perforation bolt.
The bottom and the side parts of the sensor are designed into a support form, the bottom bears forward force, and the side parts bear rolling force, so that a shear beam structure is formed. In order to increase the output value of the sensor signal and improve the strain quantity of the strain gauge arrangement part, the strain gauge mounting position is designed to be a blind hole, and a local I-beam structure is formed.
The shear stress of the I-beam can be considered to be approximately uniformly distributed in the web, i.e., the stress distribution in the blind hole is uniform, and the center of the blind hole is the region with the greatest stress.
The internal shearing stress of the I-beam forms +/-45 degrees with the central axis of the I-beam, wherein the tensile stress is marked as positive, and the compressive stress is marked as negative. Under shear stress conditions, its principal strain is half that of shear.
The sensor employs a Wheatstone full bridge circuit to reduce measurement variance. The measuring circuit adopts a double-shearing resistance strain gauge which consists of two single strain grids with the inclination angle of +/-45 degrees.
Each bridge arm of the full-bridge circuit is connected with 2 equal-resistance strain gauges, and input voltage is set to be V i The output voltage is V 0 The relation between the output voltage ratio and the resistance is as follows:
wherein Δr is a resistance change value, k=2.0 is a sensitivity coefficient, ε is a strain value, ε 1 、ε 3 、ε 5 、ε 7 Is tensile strain, marked as positive; epsilon 2 、ε 4 、ε 6 、ε 8 Is compressive strain, marked as negative. The resistance values are equal, and the relation between the output voltage ratio and the strain is as follows:
the maximum range of the sensor is designed to be 350KN of forward force and 400KN of rolling force. A pair of sensors are arranged on two sides of the hob, so that the forward force and the rolling force borne by the hob can be directly measured.
And (3) carrying out stress simulation calculation on the sensor, wherein the sensor elastic material is defined as 30CrMnSiAl alloy steel, and the bottom is fixed constraint. By comparing the stress cloud patterns of the original C-shaped cushion block and the sensor elastomer, the stress value of the position of the blind hole of the sensor elastomer is far greater than that of the corresponding position of the original C-shaped cushion block, the stress is uniformly distributed at the blind hole, and the signal output is effectively enhanced.
The sensor is subjected to modal analysis to determine the natural frequency, mode shape and other parameters of the elastomeric structure. The natural frequency of each step of the sensor is larger than 2000Hz, and the change frequency of the load during the hob rock breaking is far smaller than the value, so that the resonance risk is not generated.
Calibrating the sensor, comparing and analyzing the measured value of the sensor with the actual loaded pressure, and establishing the data relationship between the measured result and the actual calibration load. And calculating the forward force and the rolling force of the sensor according to the actual measurement voltage and the slope of the calibration curve.
The invention has the advantages that: the sensor replaces a C-shaped cushion block, the strain gauge is placed in the blind hole, and the stress distribution of a measuring part is ensured to be uniform and the stress is ensured to be maximum, so that the measuring accuracy and the sensitivity are improved; the forces acting on the sensor come directly from the arbor, thereby reducing measurement errors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a tool case structure.
FIG. 2 is a sensor elastomer structure.
Fig. 3 is a C-pad compressive stress cloud.
FIG. 4 is a cloud of sensor elastomer compressive stress.
Fig. 5 is a wheatstone full bridge circuit.
In the figure: 1. the cutter comprises a cutter ring, 2 parts of a sensor, 3 parts of a cutter shaft, 4 parts of a wedge block, 5 parts of a tensioning bolt, 6 parts of a tensioning block, 7 parts of a fastening bolt, 8 parts of a perforating bolt, 9 parts of a blind hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. According to the invention, the C-shaped cushion block is innovatively replaced by the sensor, and the sensor elastomer structure is optimally designed, so that the TBM hob stress measurement sensor which can adapt to the severe working environment of the hob and has high precision is formed.
The invention relates to a TBM hob stress measurement sensor, which is characterized in that: comprises a wedge block, a tension bolt, a tension block, a sensor, a knife ring and a knife shaft. The bottom and the side of the sensor are respectively provided with 1 blind hole. The cutter ring is arranged on the cutter shaft. The sensor is fixed on the box body through a fastening bolt and a perforation bolt.
The bottom and the side parts of the sensor are designed into a support form, the bottom bears forward force, and the side parts bear rolling force, so that a shear beam structure is formed. In order to increase the output value of the sensor signal and improve the strain quantity of the strain gauge arrangement part, the strain gauge mounting position is designed to be a blind hole, and a local I-beam structure is formed.
The shear stress of the I-beam can be considered to be approximately uniformly distributed in the web, i.e., the stress distribution in the blind hole is uniform, and the center of the blind hole is the region with the greatest stress.
The internal shearing stress of the I-beam forms +/-45 degrees with the central axis of the I-beam, wherein the tensile stress is marked as positive, and the compressive stress is marked as negative. Under shear stress conditions, its principal strain is half that of shear.
The sensor employs a Wheatstone full bridge circuit to reduce measurement variance. The measuring circuit adopts a double-shearing resistance strain gauge which consists of two single strain grids with the inclination angle of +/-45 degrees.
Each bridge arm of the full-bridge circuit is connected with 2 equal-resistance strain gauges, and input voltage is set to be V i The output voltage is V 0 The relation between the output voltage ratio and the resistance is as follows:
wherein Δr is a resistance change value, k=2.0 is a sensitivity coefficient, ε is a strain value, ε 1 、ε 3 、ε 5 、ε 7 Is tensile strain, marked as positive; epsilon 2 、ε 4 、ε 6 、ε 8 Is compressive strain, marked as negative. The resistance values are equal, and the relation between the output voltage ratio and the strain is as follows:
the maximum range of the sensor is designed to be 350KN of forward force and 400KN of rolling force. A pair of sensors are arranged on two sides of the hob, so that the forward force and the rolling force borne by the hob can be directly measured.
And (3) carrying out stress simulation calculation on the sensor, wherein the sensor elastic material is defined as 30CrMnSiAl alloy steel, and the bottom is fixed constraint. By comparing the stress cloud patterns of the original C-shaped cushion block and the sensor elastomer, the stress value of the position of the blind hole of the sensor elastomer is far greater than that of the corresponding position of the original C-shaped cushion block, the stress is uniformly distributed at the blind hole, and the signal output is effectively enhanced.
The sensor is subjected to modal analysis to determine the natural frequency, mode shape and other parameters of the elastomeric structure. The natural frequency of each step of the sensor is larger than 2000Hz, and the change frequency of the load during the hob rock breaking is far smaller than the value, so that the resonance risk is not generated.
Calibrating the sensor, comparing and analyzing the measured value of the sensor with the actual loaded pressure, and establishing the data relationship between the measured result and the actual calibration load. And calculating the forward force and the rolling force of the sensor according to the actual measurement voltage and the slope of the calibration curve.
The sensor replaces a C-shaped cushion block, and the force acting on the sensor directly comes from the cutter shaft, so that the defect that the sensor installation influences field construction is overcome, and the measurement error is reduced.
The bottom and the side parts of the sensor are designed into a support form to form a shear beam structure, the inside of the sensor is designed into a blind hole to form an I-beam structure, and the strain gauge adopts a Wheatstone full bridge circuit, so that the accuracy and the sensitivity of stress measurement are improved.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a TBM hobbing cutter atress monitoring's resistance strain force transducer which characterized in that: the cutter comprises a cutter ring, a sensor, a cutter shaft, a wedge block, a tension bolt and a tension block; the sensor is fixed on the box body through a fastening bolt and a perforation bolt; the wedge-shaped block is used for pressing the cutter shaft, so that sliding is not generated between the cutter shaft and the sensor; the wedge-shaped block is connected with the tensioning block through a tensioning bolt and is fixed on the box body; the cutter ring is arranged on the cutter shaft, and two sensors are arranged for supporting two ends of the cutter shaft; strain gauges are mounted within the sensor for acquiring strain data of the sensor.
2. The TBM hob force monitored resistive strain gauge force sensor of claim 1, wherein: the bottom and the side parts of the sensor elastomer are designed into a support form, the lower part bears forward force, and the side part bears rolling force to form a shear beam structure; in order to increase the output value of the sensor signal and improve the strain quantity of the strain gauge arrangement part, the mounting position of the strain gauge is designed into a blind hole, so that a local I-beam structure is formed.
3. The TBM hob force monitored resistive strain gauge force sensor of claim 1, wherein: the strain gauge adopts a Wheatstone full bridge circuit to reduceMeasuring errors; the measuring circuit adopts a double-shearing resistance strain gauge which consists of two single strain grids with inclination angles of +/-45 degrees; each bridge arm is connected with 2 equal-resistance strain gauges, and input voltage is set as V i The output voltage is V 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The relation between the output voltage ratio and the resistance is as follows:
wherein DeltaR 1 -ΔR 8 Is a resistor R 1 -R 8 The variation value, k=2.0, is the sensitivity coefficient, epsilon is the strain value, epsilon 1 、ε 3 、ε 5 、ε 7 Is tensile strain, marked as positive; epsilon 2 、ε 4 、ε 6 、ε 8 Is compressive strain, marked as negative; the resistance values are equal, and the relation between the output voltage ratio and the strain is as follows:
4. the TBM hob force monitored resistive strain gauge force sensor of claim 2, wherein: the internal stress of the blind hole is uniformly distributed, and the stress at the center of the blind hole is maximum and the strain level is highest.
5. The TBM hob force monitored resistive strain gauge force sensor of claim 4, wherein: the stress in the blind hole is calculated through simulation, and the stress distribution of the sensor elastic body compressive stress cloud picture is more uniform and has larger value than that of the blind hole in the original C-shaped block compressive stress cloud picture, so that the signal output is effectively enhanced.
6. The resistance strain sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring according to claim 2, for modal analysis, characterized in that: the inherent frequency of each stage of the sensor is larger than 2000Hz, and the change frequency of the load during rock breaking of the hob is far smaller than 2000Hz, so that resonance is not generated.
7. The TBM hob force monitored resistive strain gauge force sensor of claim 6, wherein: calibrating the sensor, comparing and analyzing the measured value of the sensor with the actual loaded pressure, and establishing a data relationship between the measured result and the actual calibration load; and calculating the forward force and the rolling force of the sensor according to the actual measurement voltage and the slope of the calibration curve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311004926.3A CN116907704A (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311004926.3A CN116907704A (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring |
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| CN116907704A true CN116907704A (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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| CN202311004926.3A Pending CN116907704A (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Resistance strain type force sensor for TBM hob stress monitoring |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117345264A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Hobbing cutter load monitoring intelligent cutter head, cutter head control system and control method |
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2023
- 2023-08-10 CN CN202311004926.3A patent/CN116907704A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117345264A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Hobbing cutter load monitoring intelligent cutter head, cutter head control system and control method |
| CN117345264B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-02-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Hobbing cutter load monitoring intelligent cutter head, cutter head control system and control method |
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