CN116907362A - Method for judging anti-outburst safety thickness of tunnel of deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone and test assembly thereof - Google Patents
Method for judging anti-outburst safety thickness of tunnel of deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone and test assembly thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116907362A CN116907362A CN202310532327.2A CN202310532327A CN116907362A CN 116907362 A CN116907362 A CN 116907362A CN 202310532327 A CN202310532327 A CN 202310532327A CN 116907362 A CN116907362 A CN 116907362A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for judging the outburst prevention safety thickness of a tunnel of a deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone and a test assembly thereof, and the method comprises the test assembly, wherein the test assembly comprises a test box, a ground stress loading system, a water supply system and a monitoring system, common surrounding rocks are filled in the test box, fault fracture zone surrounding rocks are constructed, high ground stress loading is carried out on the test box, then tunnel excavation is carried out, when the value calculated by detection data is larger than a safety limit value, the tunnel excavation is stopped, and at the moment, the outburst prevention safety thickness of the tunnel face excavation distance is recorded as the difference value between the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face and the fault face before tunnel excavation and the excavated distance of the tunnel face. The specific numerical value of the safety limit value is obtained by carrying out weighted average on the detection data, the anti-outburst point can be intuitively obtained, the excavated distance of the tunnel is deduced, the anti-outburst safety thickness is directly obtained, and finally the anti-outburst safety thickness is represented in a digital form, so that the anti-outburst safety thickness is directly quantized, and the anti-outburst thickness is conveniently and accurately known.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel safety judgment, in particular to a method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of a tunnel of a deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone and a test assembly thereof.
Background
Because mountainous regions and topography in southwest areas have larger fluctuation, most lines can pass through mountain tunnels, and underground karst water in southwest areas is rich, poor geology such as fault fracture zones can be frequently encountered in the tunnel excavation process. The fault fracture belt rock mass is broken, underground water develops, stability is lower, when a tunnel is excavated to the area, surrounding rock stress fields and seepage fields are redistributed under construction disturbance, water and mud burst instability and damage are generated under the action of rock mass stress and seepage pressure, and the safety of constructors is seriously threatened, so that property loss and construction period delay are caused.
In the process of excavating the tunnel from the common surrounding rock section to the fault fracture zone, the degradation degree of the surrounding rock is gradually increased, the length of the outburst-prevention rock body between the tunnel face and the fault plane is also gradually reduced, and under the fluid-solid coupling effect of the fault fracture zone, the outburst-prevention rock body is extremely easy to shear instability and damage, so that a large amount of mud sand from the fault fracture zone is gushed into the tunnel. Therefore, the tunnel needs to determine the outburst prevention safety thickness in advance just before being excavated to the fault fracture zone, and enough outburst prevention rock mass is reserved in front of the face of the tunnel to ensure the tunnel excavation safety.
The application number 2016101444691 provides a tunnel water burst model test system and a method thereof under high ground stress-high osmotic pressure, the test model is excavated at a reserved tunnel opening, and strain, pressure and displacement in the test process are monitored through a monitoring control system.
According to the prior art, the tunnel face is monitored in a direct detection mode, so that the monitoring means is carried out synchronously along with the progress of tunnel excavation, the situation that water and mud are burst can not be judged when the tunnel is excavated to the distance of a broken fault zone can not be predicted, namely the safe burst-preventing thickness can not be assessed, the water and mud burst can not be excavated in a preventive mode, and detection data can be generated only when the tunnel face reaches the limit of water and mud burst.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of a tunnel of a deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone and a test assembly thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone comprises a test assembly, wherein the test assembly consists of a test box, a ground stress loading system, a water supply system and a monitoring system, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, filling common surrounding rock in a test box, constructing fault broken zone surrounding rock, and burying a water outlet component of a water supply system in the test box when constructing the fault broken zone surrounding rock;
s2, loading high ground stress on the test box through a ground stress loading system, tunneling the tunnel in a sectional mode, and recording the tunnel excavation distance at any time;
s3, when the change rate of the continuous twice monitoring curve data after the tunnel is excavated to a certain distance is larger than a safety limit value, taking the point as a sudden change inflection point, wherein the specific expression is as follows:
wherein: x is x i For monitoring data at target distance, x i+1 、x i+2 Monitoring data, x, two subsequent times after target distance i-1 For the previous monitoring data of the target distance, [ X ]]For safety limits, the values may be different for different test protocols [ X ]]＝25％；
Stopping excavating the tunnel when the calculated value of the detection data is larger than a safety limit value [ X ], and recording the excavation distance of the tunnel face at the moment;
s4, determining the tunnel anti-burst thickness as follows:
S＝Y-D
wherein: s is critical anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel, Y is the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face and the fault plane before tunnel excavation, and D is the excavated distance of the tunnel face.
Preferably, in the step S1, the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face to be excavated and the fault plane is recorded when the test box is filled with common surrounding rock and the fault broken zone surrounding rock is constructed.
Preferably, x in S3 i The monitoring data at the target distance is a monitoring system for detecting whether water and mud burst occurs on the face, the monitoring system records the detection data, and then calculates a safety limit value [ X ] according to the monitoring data]。
Preferably, the ground stress loading system comprises a reaction frame, a pressure dividing steel plate, a hydraulic rod and a pressure sensor I, wherein the reaction frame is arranged on the outer side of the test box, the pressure dividing steel plate is matched with the rectangular open slot at the top of the test box, the hydraulic rod is arranged on the reaction frame, the power output end of the hydraulic rod is provided with the pressure sensor I, and the pressure sensor I is attached to the pressure dividing steel plate.
Preferably, the water supply system comprises a water tank and a diversion water pipe, wherein the diversion water pipe is embedded in the surrounding rock of the broken zone, and the diversion water pipe is communicated with the water tank through a booster water pump.
Preferably, the monitoring system comprises a laser range finder and a data acquisition device, wherein the laser range finder is arranged on the outer side of the test box and faces the face, the laser range finder is electrically connected with the data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is used for recording test data.
Preferably, the monitoring system comprises a collecting barrel, a pressure sensor II and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the collecting barrel is attached to the position, close to the tunnel outlet, of the test box, the pressure sensor II is arranged at the bottom of the collecting barrel and is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument is used for recording test data.
Preferably, the monitoring system comprises a water pressure gauge and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the water pressure gauge is pre-buried at the junction of a common surrounding rock and a surrounding rock of a fault fracture zone, and is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument which is used for recording test data.
Preferably, the diversion water pipe pre-buried in the surrounding rock of the broken belt is provided with a water outlet, and gauze is wound at the position with the water outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the specific numerical value of the safety limit value is obtained by carrying out weighted average on the detection data, so that the anti-bursting point can be intuitively obtained, the excavated distance of the tunnel is deduced, the anti-bursting safety thickness is directly obtained, and finally, the anti-bursting safety thickness is represented in a digital form, so that the anti-bursting safety thickness is directly quantized, the anti-bursting thickness is conveniently and accurately known, and the safety and reliability of the tunnel during excavation are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test chamber and monitoring system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a split water pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of mutation of the monitoring data;
in the figure: 1 test box, 2 reaction frame, 31 partial pressure steel plate, 32 hydraulic stem, 33 pressure sensor I, 41 water tank, 42 partial pressure water pipe, 421 gauze, 5 water pressure gauge, 51 laser range finder, 52 collecting vessel, 53 pressure sensor II, 54 data acquisition appearance.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone comprises a test assembly, wherein the test assembly consists of a test box 1, a ground stress loading system, a water supply system and a monitoring system;
as a preferred embodiment, the ground stress loading system comprises a reaction frame 2, a pressure dividing steel plate 31, a hydraulic rod 32 and a pressure sensor i 33, wherein the reaction frame 2 is arranged on the outer side of the test box 1, the reaction frame 2 is fixed on the ground through bolts, the pressure dividing steel plate 31 is matched in a rectangular open groove at the top of the test box 1, the pressure dividing steel plate 31 forms a moving pair in the vertical direction of the test box 1, the hydraulic rod 32 is arranged on the reaction frame 2, the power output end of the hydraulic rod 32 is provided with the pressure sensor i 33, and the pressure sensor i 33 is attached to the pressure dividing steel plate 31, so that normal pressure is applied to the pressure dividing steel plate 31 through the hydraulic rod 32.
As a preferred embodiment, the water supply system includes a water tank 41 and a diversion water pipe 42, the diversion water pipe 42 is pre-buried in the surrounding rock of the broken zone, and the diversion water pipe 42 is communicated with the water tank 41 through a booster water pump, so that water in the water tank 41 flows into the surrounding rock of the broken zone through the diversion water pipe 42, and then the water burst working condition is simulated.
As a preferred embodiment, the monitoring system includes a laser rangefinder 51 and a data acquisition device 54, where the laser rangefinder 51 is disposed on the outer side of the test chamber 1 and faces the tunnel face, the laser rangefinder 51 is electrically connected with the data acquisition device 54, and the data acquisition device 54 is used for recording test data, so that the laser rangefinder 51 faces the tunnel face, and when the tunnel face is displaced, the laser rangefinder 51 feeds back the displacement, so as to realize whether the tunnel face is stable or not.
As a preferred embodiment, the monitoring system includes a collecting barrel 52, a pressure sensor II53 and a data acquisition instrument 54, the collecting barrel 52 is attached to the test box 1 near the exit of the tunnel, then the water and mud can permeate into the collecting barrel 52 when the water and mud are gushed in the tunnel, further the water and mud gushing amount is detected, the pressure sensor II53 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting barrel 52, the water and mud gushing amount in the collecting barrel 52 is detected through the pressure sensor II53, the pressure sensor II53 is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 54, and the data acquisition instrument 54 is used for recording test data.
As a preferred embodiment, the monitoring system includes a water pressure gauge 5 and a data acquisition instrument 54, the water pressure gauge 5 is pre-buried at the junction of the ordinary surrounding rock and the surrounding rock of the fault fracture zone, so that when the water burst and mud burst occur, the water pressure gauge 5 can detect the pressure difference at the first time, thereby realizing the detection effect, the water pressure gauge 5 is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 54, and the data acquisition instrument 54 is used for recording test data.
As a preferred embodiment, the water pressure gauge 5, the laser range finder 51, the collecting barrel 52, the pressure sensor II53 and the data acquisition instrument 54 are used together, so that the data acquisition instrument 54 can collect multiple groups of data, and further can detect the multiple groups of data, thereby ensuring the accuracy of detection.
As a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition device 54 is provided with a display screen to enable visual acquisition of test data.
As a preferred embodiment, the diversion water pipe 42 pre-buried in the surrounding rock of the broken belt is provided with water outlet holes, and the gauze 421 is wound at the position with the water outlet holes, so as to avoid blocking the water outlet holes.
The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone comprises the following steps of:
s1, filling common surrounding rock and constructing fault broken zone surrounding rock in a test box 1, and burying a water outlet component of a water supply system in the test box when constructing the fault broken zone surrounding rock; filling common surrounding rock into the test box 1, and recording the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face to be excavated and the fault plane when constructing the fault fracture zone surrounding rock;
s2, loading high ground stress on the test box 1 through a ground stress loading system, tunneling a tunnel in a sectional mode, and recording the tunnel excavation distance at any time;
s3, when the change rate of the continuous twice monitoring curve data after the tunnel is excavated to a certain distance is larger than a safety limit value, taking the point as a sudden change inflection point, wherein the specific expression is as follows:
wherein: x is x i For monitoring data at target distance, x i+1 、x i+2 Monitoring data, x, two subsequent times after target distance i-1 For the previous monitoring data of the target distance, [ X ]]For safety limit, notThe value may be different from the test protocol in which [ X]＝25％；
Then the value calculated in the detected data is greater than the safety limit value X]Stopping excavating the tunnel, and recording the excavation distance of the tunnel face of the tunnel; x is x i The monitoring data at the target distance is a monitoring system for detecting whether water and mud burst occurs on the face, the monitoring system records the detection data, and then calculates a safety limit value [ X ] according to the monitoring data]. And x is i In fact, the ordinate in fig. 4 shows the data recorded by the monitoring system, such as the displacement obtained by the laser range finder 51, the water and mud gushing amount obtained by the pressure sensor II53, and the water pressure difference obtained by the water pressure gauge 5, of course x i Any data can be obtained by comprehensively judging three data, wherein x is i The numerical units of (a) are unified units.
S4, determining the tunnel anti-burst thickness as follows:
S＝Y-D
wherein: s is critical anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel, Y is the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face and the fault plane before tunnel excavation, and D is the excavated distance of the tunnel face. Wherein Y in the formula has been determined to be a value in S1, and D is a value described in the abscissa of FIG. 4, wherein D has been completed in S2. The value of the critical anti-bursting safety thickness S of the tunnel can be directly obtained, so that the critical anti-bursting safety thickness S of the tunnel is directly quantized.
As a preferred embodiment, 40-70 mesh quartz sand is selected as coarse aggregate of similar materials, barite powder is fine aggregate, gypsum, clay and cement are used as cementing agents, and the similar material proportions of common surrounding rock and fault fracture zone surrounding rock meeting the test requirements are determined, and are shown in tables 1 and 2 respectively.
Table 1 common surrounding rock similar material proportions
| Material | Water and its preparation method | Gypsum plaster | Cement and its preparation method | Quartz sand | Barite powder | Water content% |
| Proportion of | 1 | 6.04 | 0.43 | 1.16 | 0.46 | 11 |
Table 2 fracture zone surrounding rock similar material proportion
| Material | Water and its preparation method | Clay | Quartz sand | Barite powder | Water content% |
| Proportion of | 1 | 1.47 | 7.56 | 4.18 | 7.04 |
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone comprises a test assembly, wherein the test assembly consists of a test box (1), a ground stress loading system, a water supply system and a monitoring system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, filling common surrounding rock and constructing fault broken zone surrounding rock in a test box (1), and burying a water outlet component of a water supply system in the test box when constructing the fault broken zone surrounding rock;
s2, loading high ground stress on the test box (1) through a ground stress loading system, tunneling a tunnel in a sectional mode, and recording the tunnel excavation distance at any time;
s3, when the change rate of the continuous twice monitoring curve data after the tunnel is excavated to a certain distance is larger than a safety limit value, taking the point as a sudden change inflection point, wherein the specific expression is as follows:
wherein: x is x i For monitoring data at target distance, x i+1 、x i+2 Monitoring data, x, two subsequent times after target distance i-1 For the previous monitoring data of the target distance, [ X ]]For safety limits, the values may be different for different test protocols [ X ]]＝25％；
Stopping excavating the tunnel when the calculated value of the detection data is larger than a safety limit value [ X ], and recording the excavation distance of the tunnel face at the moment;
s4, determining the tunnel anti-burst thickness as follows:
S＝Y-D
wherein: s is critical anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel, Y is the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face and the fault plane before tunnel excavation, and D is the excavated distance of the tunnel face.
2. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step S1, the distance between the middle part of the tunnel face to be excavated and the fault plane is recorded when the test box (1) is filled with common surrounding rock and the fault broken zone surrounding rock is constructed.
3. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: x in S3 i The monitoring data at the target distance is a monitoring system for detecting whether water and mud burst occurs on the face, the monitoring system records the detection data, and then calculates a safety limit value [ X ] according to the monitoring data]。
4. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the ground stress loading system comprises a reaction frame (2), a pressure dividing steel plate (31), a hydraulic rod (32) and a pressure sensor I (33), wherein the reaction frame (2) is arranged on the outer side of the test box (1), the pressure dividing steel plate (31) is fit in a rectangular open groove at the top of the test box (1), the hydraulic rod (32) is arranged on the reaction frame (2), the power output end of the hydraulic rod is provided with the pressure sensor I (33), and the pressure sensor I (33) is attached to the pressure dividing steel plate (31).
5. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the water supply system comprises a water tank (41) and a diversion water pipe (42), wherein the diversion water pipe (42) is pre-buried in surrounding rock of the broken zone, and the diversion water pipe (42) is communicated with the water tank (41) through a booster water pump.
6. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a laser range finder (51) and a data acquisition instrument (54), wherein the laser range finder (51) is arranged on the outer side of the test box (1) and faces the face, the laser range finder (51) is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument (54), and the data acquisition instrument (54) is used for recording test data.
7. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a collecting barrel (52), a pressure sensor II (53) and a data acquisition instrument (54), wherein the collecting barrel (52) is attached to the test box (1) and close to the tunnel outlet, the pressure sensor II (53) is arranged at the bottom of the collecting barrel (52), the pressure sensor II (53) is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument (54), and the data acquisition instrument (54) is used for recording test data.
8. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a water pressure gauge (5) and a data acquisition instrument (54), wherein the water pressure gauge (5) is pre-buried at the junction of a common surrounding rock and a constructed fault fracture zone surrounding rock, the water pressure gauge (5) is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument (54), and the data acquisition instrument (54) is used for recording test data.
9. The method for judging the anti-outburst safety thickness of the tunnel of the deep-buried water-rich fault fracture zone according to any one of claim 5, which is characterized in that: the split water pipe (42) pre-buried in the broken belt surrounding rock is provided with a water outlet, and gauze (421) is wound at the position with the water outlet.
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| WO2021163991A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Characterization method for full-field evolution of surrounding rock stress field and activation mechanism of adjacent faults |
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2023
- 2023-05-10 CN CN202310532327.2A patent/CN116907362A/en active Pending
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| US20170241929A1 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-08-24 | Industrial Tomography Systems Plc | Density measurement system and method |
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