CN116903034A - Bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, preparation method and application thereof in preparation of formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction - Google Patents

Bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, preparation method and application thereof in preparation of formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116903034A
CN116903034A CN202310881868.6A CN202310881868A CN116903034A CN 116903034 A CN116903034 A CN 116903034A CN 202310881868 A CN202310881868 A CN 202310881868A CN 116903034 A CN116903034 A CN 116903034A
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bismuth oxychloride
sheet
nano
bismuth
preparation
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Inventor
朱姗
王刘芳
赵跃
马凤翔
黄杰
刘伟
宋玉梅
陈英
程伟
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G29/00—Compounds of bismuth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C25B11/077—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/01—Products
    • C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
    • C25B3/20—Processes
    • C25B3/25—Reduction
    • C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM

Abstract

The invention discloses a bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, a preparation method and application thereof in preparing formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in water, adding a surfactant and potassium chloride, stirring at room temperature for reaction after complete dissolution, obtaining a white solution after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet; wherein the mass of the surfactant is 25-65% of the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate. The preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet regulates the content of the surfactant, synthesizes the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet in one step at normal temperature and normal pressure, is simple and practical, has low cost, can be amplified, and is beneficial to industrial production. The obtained bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet has excellent carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction performance, and the obtained formate has high selectivity, high efficiency, low toxicity and sustainability.

Description

Bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, preparation method and application thereof in preparation of formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano materials, in particular to a bismuth oxychloride nano sheet, a preparation method and application thereof in preparing formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction.
Background
Energy production relies heavily on fossil fuels, resulting in massive emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere for human activity. The extreme consumption of non-renewable resources, and the increasing emission of greenhouse gases. Reduction of carbon dioxide to higher energy compounds (e.g., methanol, formic acid, and methane, etc.) provides a solution to the problem of greenhouse effect. Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction has received a great deal of attention in the past decade because of its advantages of high efficiency, stability, easy regulation and the like. The choice of the electrolyte type, pH, reaction conditions, etc. used in the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide often affect the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction. For example, most of the electroreduction of carbon dioxide uses aqueous electrolytes, which facilitate the synthesis of carbon monoxide and other products. Among them, formic acid is one of the preferred products for carbon dioxide reduction as a chemical product having a wide range of industrial and commercial applications, and is used in a large number of industries such as fine chemistry, batteries, agriculture, dyes, etc.
Electrocatalytic formation of chemical bonds using electricity, with selection of the appropriate electrocatalystThe chemical agent not only can reduce CO 2 The electroreduction activation energy barrier also affects the selectivity, activity, stability and the like of the reaction through different active sites of the catalyst. The electro-reduction reaction depends not only on the reaction conditions but also on the catalyst material. Therefore, designing various electrocatalytic materials to selectively convert to various products such as CO, formic acid, methanol, ethanol, hydrocarbons, oxalic acid, and the like is becoming a popular research. Among them, two-dimensional nanomaterials have been rapidly studied in decades since the discovery of exfoliated graphene. The nano-sheet material has unique electronic characteristics, flexibility and mechanical strength, has ultrahigh surface area, and has great surface atom exposure, so that the possibility of design regulation and control of surface modification, functionalization, doping, defect and the like is provided, and the nano-sheet material is greatly used for researching photocatalysis of light, heat, electricity and the like. Research shows that metals such as metallic tin (Sn), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi) and the like in p-region are commonly CO 2 An effective catalyst for selective conversion to formate/formic acid. Bi is used as a metal with stable property, low toxicity and rich reserves, is cheaper than noble metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper and the like which are mainly researched by electrocatalysis, has unique property of inhibiting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) under the same potential, and is a promising research object. At present, although bismuth and bismuth oxide have been proven to be effective in converting carbon dioxide to formate, the direct use makes the reaction result poor because of the small number of active sites of bulk metallic bismuth or bismuth oxide and the weak intrinsic activity.
The preparation of bismuth oxychloride single crystal nanoflakes is disclosed in the prior art, which prepares bismuth oxychloride single crystal nanoflakes with good dispersibility and near ultraviolet fluorescence by a simple hydrolysis method, and which has a thickness of about 15-20nm, but has no indication of its electrocatalytic properties ("preparation of bismuth oxychloride single crystal nanoflakes and their optical properties", wang et al, university of Hebei, journal of the river's society, month 9, 5, volume 41, pages 424-429).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a novel method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-sheets at low cost, which is simple and practical and easy to realize large-scale production, and realizes high selectivity of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction at normal temperature and normal pressure by combining a mobile phase electrocatalytic method to prepare formate with high efficiency.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet comprises the following steps: dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in water, adding a surfactant and potassium chloride, stirring at room temperature for reaction after complete dissolution, obtaining a white solution after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet; wherein the mass of the surfactant is 25-65% of the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
Preferably, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone K30.
Preferably, the mass of the surfactant is 41.2% of the mass of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
Preferably, the molar ratio of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to potassium chloride is 1:1.
preferably, the molar volume ratio of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to water is 0.04mol:1L.
Preferably, the reaction time is 5 hours.
The invention also provides a bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet.
Preferably, the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet has a crystal form of 85-0681.
The invention also provides application of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet in preparing formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction.
Preferably, in a particular application, both the anolyte and the catholyte are 1M KHCO 3 The inflow and outflow flow rates of the solution, the anolyte and the catholyte are 10mL/min, and CO 2 The gas flow rate was 35sccm and the experimental current was 100-700mA.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet regulates the content of the surfactant, synthesizes the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet in one step at normal temperature and normal pressure, is simple and practical, has low cost, can be amplified, and is beneficial to industrial production. The obtained bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet has excellent carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction performance, and the obtained formate has high selectivity, high efficiency, low toxicity and sustainability.
(2) The undoped unmodified bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet prepared by the invention uses a flow cell and a gas diffusion electrode to prepare formate by electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in a potassium bicarbonate electrolyte solution, and the maximum current density can reach 700mA cm -2 The highest formate Faraday efficiency is 82.5%, and the liquid phase selectivity reaches 100%; compared with the common bulk metal bismuth-based catalyst, the catalyst has better performance of preparing formate by electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a white solution of bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a corresponding XRD pattern of bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of bismuth oxychloride nanoplatelets prepared according to examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 of the present invention; wherein A1, B1, C1, D1 are transmission electron microscopy images corresponding to example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 1, respectively, and A2, B2, C2, D2 are scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) corresponding to example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 1, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a linear sweep voltammogram of bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes prepared in example 1 in a potassium bicarbonate electrolyte solution in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the Faraday efficiency of formate formation at various currents in a potassium bicarbonate electrolyte solution using the bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes prepared in example 1 in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet prepared in example 1 at 300mA cm in example 3 of the present invention -2 Post-reaction solution at current densityNuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the phase product.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The test materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Those of skill in the art, without any particular mention of the techniques or conditions, may follow the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or follow the product specifications.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the polyvinylpyrrolidone used was polyvinylpyrrolidone k30.
Example 1
The preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet comprises the following steps:
bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (0.97 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 50ml distilled water, and 400mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvc) and 0.15g (2 mmol) potassium chloride were added. After complete dissolution, stirring was carried out at room temperature for 5 hours uniformly to obtain a white solution as shown in fig. 1. And (3) centrifuging to obtain white precipitate, washing with distilled water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain white powder, namely the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet.
The structural identification is carried out on the product prepared in the example 1, the results are shown in fig. 2-3, fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of bismuth oxychloride nano-sheets prepared in the example 1, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the crystal form of the product prepared in the example corresponds to JCPCDS card No.85-0681; in fig. 3, A1 and A2 are a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet prepared in example 1, respectively, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the obtained bismuth oxychloride is a uniform nano-sheet with a width of 200nm to 20nm.
Example 2
The preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet comprises the following steps:
bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (0.97 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 50ml distilled water, and 600mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvc) and 0.15g (2 mmol) potassium chloride were added. After complete dissolution, stirring was carried out at room temperature for 5 hours uniformly to obtain a white solution. And (3) centrifuging to obtain white precipitate, washing with distilled water, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain white powder, namely the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet.
The structure of the product prepared in this example is identified, and the results are shown in fig. 3, where C1 and C2 in fig. 3 are respectively a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet prepared in this example; as can be seen from fig. 3, the bismuth oxychloride obtained was also a uniform nano-sheet, but consumed more surfactant.
Comparative example 1
0.97g (2 mmol) of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate was dissolved in 50ml of distilled water, and 0.15g (2 mmol) of potassium chloride was added. After complete dissolution, stirring was carried out at room temperature for 5 hours uniformly to obtain a white solution. Centrifuging to obtain white precipitate, washing with distilled water, and drying at 80deg.C in a vacuum drying oven for 12 hr to obtain white powder.
The structure of the product prepared in the comparative example is identified, and the results are shown in fig. 3, wherein D1 and D2 in fig. 3 are a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the product prepared in the comparative example; as can be seen from fig. 3, the bismuth oxychloride obtained was a single bulk material, and no bismuth oxychloride flakes were required.
Comparative example 2
Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (0.97 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 50ml distilled water, and 200mg polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvc) and 0.15g (2 mmol) potassium chloride were added. After complete dissolution, stirring was carried out at room temperature for 5 hours uniformly to obtain a white solution. Centrifuging to obtain white precipitate, washing with distilled water, and drying at 80deg.C in a vacuum drying oven for 12 hr to obtain white powder.
The structure of the product prepared in this comparative example is identified, and the result is shown in fig. 3, wherein B1 and B2 are respectively a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the prepared product; as can be seen from fig. 3, the bismuth oxychloride obtained has a morphology in which flakes and bulk materials are mixed.
Example 3
Bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes as catalyst electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate examples:
the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide reaction was carried out in a three-electrode flow cell system. 25mg of bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes prepared in example 1 were dispersed in a mixture of 1.25mL of water and 3.75mL of isopropyl alcohol, 50uL of Nafion (5 wt%) solution was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform electrode solution. Spraying electrode liquid uniformly on 25cm 2 Naturally drying the Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) to obtain a working electrode; the silver-silver chloride electrode is a reference electrode. Electrochemical performance testing was performed using a flow cell on an electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua CHI 660 e) equipped with a high current amplifier (Shanghai Chenhua CHI 680 c). The flow cell consists of three chambers: anodic electrolysis chamber containing anode (nickel foam), cathodic chamber containing cathode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode and CO 2 An airflow chamber. The anolyte and catholyte compartments are separated by an anion exchange membrane (FAA-PK-130). The effective size of the catalyst is 1X 1cm 2 . The resistance compensation was set to 85%. The solution resistance was measured by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and was 4.5 Ω. The anode and cathode electrolytes were 1M KHCO 3 The inflow and outflow of the electrolyte was controlled by a peristaltic pump (JIHPIMP, BT-50 EA/253 Yx-PPS) at a flow rate of 10mL/min. High purity CO 2 The gas was regulated by a mass flow controller (seven-star, CS-200A) and fed at a constant flow rate of 35sccm, monitored by the mass flow controller (seven-star, CS-200A). The bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes prepared in example 1 were scanned in a flowing potassium bicarbonate electrolyte solution using the apparatus described above to provide a linear scan voltammogram as shown in fig. 4. The experimental current was controlled to 100mA response.
FIG. 6 is 300mA cm -2 The nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the liquid product after reaction at current density, in which DMSO is the internal standard, the formic acid in the figure represents formate, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the liquid product is only formate (water peak at 4.75). The gaseous products had small amounts of carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen, as measured by gas chromatography.
According to the method, the current is expanded from 100mA to 700mA, and the corresponding Faraday efficiency is calculated, so that FIG. 5 is obtained. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the result is similar to indium oxide, and the Faraday efficiency of the optimal product of the reaction is 400mA cm -2 The reaction can be expanded to 700mA cm -2 The Faraday efficiency is 60% or more.
According to the above method, 100mA cm of the material prepared in comparative example 2 was used as a catalyst -2 The formate Faraday efficiency at current was 57%.
The product Faraday efficiency referred to in this invention is only that of formate, and can reach nearly 100% with the addition of gas phase product.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: dissolving bismuth nitrate pentahydrate in water, adding a surfactant and potassium chloride, stirring at room temperature for reaction after complete dissolution, obtaining a white solution after the reaction is finished, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet; wherein the mass of the surfactant is 25-65% of the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
2. The method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to claim 1, wherein: the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
3. The method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to claim 1, wherein: the mass of the surfactant is 41.2% of the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
4. The method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to the potassium chloride is 1:1.
5. the method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to claim 1, wherein: the molar volume ratio of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to the water is 0.04mol:1L.
6. The method for preparing bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the reaction time was 5h.
7. A bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, which is characterized in that: is prepared by the preparation method of the bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. The bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes of claim 7, wherein: the crystal form of the compound belongs to 85-0681.
9. Use of bismuth oxychloride nano-flakes according to claim 7 or 8 in the preparation of formate salt by electroreduction of carbon dioxide.
10. Use of bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes according to claim 9 for the preparation of formates by electroreduction of carbon dioxide, characterized in that: in the specific application process, the anolyte and the catholyte are 1M KHCO 3 The inflow and outflow flow rates of the solution, the anolyte and the catholyte are 10mL/min, and CO 2 The gas flow rate was 35sccm and the experimental current was 100-700mA.
CN202310881868.6A 2023-07-18 2023-07-18 Bismuth oxychloride nano-sheet, preparation method and application thereof in preparation of formate by carbon dioxide electroreduction Pending CN116903034A (en)

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