CN116896908A - Solar cell with electrochromic function, battery pack and electronic product - Google Patents
Solar cell with electrochromic function, battery pack and electronic product Download PDFInfo
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- CN116896908A CN116896908A CN202310647582.1A CN202310647582A CN116896908A CN 116896908 A CN116896908 A CN 116896908A CN 202310647582 A CN202310647582 A CN 202310647582A CN 116896908 A CN116896908 A CN 116896908A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/601—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/90—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic light-emitting element
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a solar cell with electrochromic function, a battery pack and an electronic product, wherein the solar cell comprises a transparent electrode layer, an auxiliary electrode layer, a PNL (PNL), an integrated composite layer and a metal electrode layer; the transparent electrode layer, the auxiliary electrode layer, the PNL, the integrated composite layer and the metal electrode layer are sequentially formed; the integrated composite layer comprises a photovoltaic layer and a light-emitting layer; the photovoltaic layer and the luminous layer form an integrated composite layer through evaporation; the photovoltaic layer is used for performing photoelectric conversion to obtain electric energy; the light-emitting layer is used for exciting electrochromic materials therein by using electric energy so as to generate light with different colors and brightness. The luminous layer with electrochromic functional material is integrated on the photovoltaic layer of the solar cell, so that the endurance of the electronic product is improved, the traditional design concept is broken through, various types of luminous patterns are designed on the joint of the solar cell or the display area of the electronic product, patterns with different colors and brightness are displayed, and the visual experience of a user is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell with an electrochromic function, a battery pack and an electronic product.
Background
With the development of electronic technology, people have a higher and higher dependence on various portable electronic products. In order to improve the endurance of electronic products and serve as an emergency standby power supply, more and more electronic products are matched with solar cell products. In general, a solar cell is disposed between a display screen of an electronic product and a transparent protective cover plate on an outermost layer, and is assembled into a display module with a power generation function in a full-lamination manner. In the prior art, most of solar cells with higher performance are opaque, the area covered by the solar cells is generally not provided with a display area, and the display area (AA area) of the display screen basically corresponds to the hollowed-out area of the solar cells. Although some fixed pattern can be printed on the uppermost protective cover sheet surface, the color is relatively monotonic and can mask the photovoltaic area of the underlying solar cell, directly affecting photovoltaic performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The existing portable solar electronic product does not have a display function in the area covered by the solar battery, so that innovative design of the product is limited to a certain extent, visual fatigue is easy to cause, and user experience is reduced.
Aiming at the problems, the solar battery and the battery pack with the electrochromic function are provided, the light-emitting layer with the electrochromic function material is integrated on the photovoltaic layer of the solar battery, the cruising ability of the electronic product is improved, the traditional design concept is broken through, various types of light-emitting layer patterns are designed at the joint of the solar battery or in the display area of the electronic product, and therefore patterns with different colors and brightness are displayed, and the visual experience of a user is improved.
In a first aspect, a solar cell having an electrochromic function includes:
a transparent electrode layer;
an auxiliary electrode layer;
PNL；
integrating the composite layer;
a metal electrode layer;
the transparent electrode layer, the auxiliary electrode layer, the PNL, the integrated composite layer and the metal electrode layer are sequentially formed to obtain the solar cell;
the integrated composite layer comprises a photovoltaic layer and a light-emitting layer;
the photovoltaic layer and the luminous layer form the integrated composite layer through evaporation;
the photovoltaic layer is used for performing photoelectric conversion to obtain electric energy;
the light-emitting layer is used for exciting electrochromic materials in the light-emitting layer by utilizing the electric energy so as to generate light with different colors and brightness;
the auxiliary electrode is used for enhancing the conductivity of the transparent electrode layer;
the transparent electrode layer is used for leading out the positive electrode/negative electrode of the solar cell, and the metal electrode layer is correspondingly used for leading out the negative electrode/positive electrode of the solar cell.
In a second aspect, a solar cell set with electrochromic function is formed by serially connecting the solar cell planes of the first aspect;
the solar cell stack comprises a first pattern and/or a second pattern;
the first pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer at the joint of the solar battery pack;
the second pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer in an electronic product display area;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
In a third aspect, a solar cell stack with electrochromic function is formed by serially connecting the solar cell stacks of the first aspect to form a longitudinal stacked solar cell stack;
the solar cell stack includes a third pattern;
the third pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode of the solar cell;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
In a fourth aspect, a solar cell set with electrochromic function is formed by stacking solar cells according to the first aspect in series or in planar series; wherein the light-emitting layer is manufactured inside the inner edge or outside the outer edge of the solar cell;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
In a fifth aspect, an electronic product includes the solar cell set described above.
The electronic product includes any embodiment of a smart watch and a smart bracelet, and it is understood that the electronic product is not limited thereto, and may be other electronic products such as a mobile phone.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the solar battery and the battery pack with the electrochromic function, the light-emitting layer with the electrochromic function material is integrated on the photovoltaic layer of the solar battery, so that the endurance of an electronic product is improved, the traditional design concept is broken through, various types of light-emitting layer patterns are designed at the joint of the solar battery or in the display area of the electronic product, patterns with different colors and brightness are displayed, and the visual experience of a user is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a film structure of a display module of an integrated solar cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an integrated composite layer film structure according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic view of a solar cell of the present application after encapsulation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic layer B-B of the solar cell of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic view of the solar cell of the present application after encapsulation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting layer A-A of the solar cell of the present application;
fig. 7 and 8 are a first schematic view and a second schematic view of a photovoltaic layer structure of the solar cell of the present application, respectively;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a light-emitting layer structure of a solar cell according to the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a transparent electrode layer of the solar cell of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the auxiliary electrode layer of the solar cell of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of PNL structure of the solar cell of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a light-emitting layer structure of a solar cell according to the present application;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the photovoltaic layer structure of the solar cell of the present application;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a metal electrode layer structure of a solar cell according to the present application;
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a tandem solar cell structure of the present application;
FIGS. 17 and 18 are first and second schematic diagrams of the planar tandem solar cell set of the present application, respectively;
FIGS. 19, 20, 21 are schematic views of color patches in which the light-emitting layers of the present application are arranged in different shapes;
FIG. 22 is a third schematic view of a planar tandem solar cell module according to the present application, wherein the shaded lines at different angles represent different colors;
fig. 23 is a fourth schematic view of the solar cell stack of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the application are shown. Based on the embodiments of the present application, other embodiments that may be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden are within the scope of the present application.
Name interpretation
HIL: a hole injection layer;
HTL: a hole transport layer;
EML: a light emitting layer;
ETL: an electron transport layer;
EIL: an electron injection layer;
ACT-L: a photoactive layer (or light absorbing layer or photoactive layer);
PNL: a pixel dividing layer as an insulating layer for defining which regions of the light emitting layer regions can emit light and which regions cannot emit light;
ATO: tin dioxide doped with metallic antimony (SnO 2 ) Films, referred to as ATO for short;
FTO: fluorine doped tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) Films, referred to as FTO for short;
WVTR: english abbreviation for water vapor transmission Water Vapor Transmission Rate;
QUPD: n, N-bis (4- (6- ((3-ethoxycyclobut-3-yl) methoxy) -hexyloxyphenyl) -N, N '-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) biphenyl-4, 4' -amine;
OTPD: n, N ' -bis (4- (6- ((3-ethoxyazetidin-3-yl) methoxy) -hexylphenyl) -N, N ' -diphenyl-4, 4' diamine;
PEDOT: PSS: poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate;
PVD: physical vapor deposition;
MOCVD: metal oxide chemical vapor deposition;
WVTR: water vapor transmission rate;
TFE: and (5) film packaging.
The existing portable solar electronic product does not have a display function in the area covered by the solar battery 300, so that innovative design of the product is limited to a certain extent, visual fatigue is easy to cause, and user experience is reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, a solar cell 300 and a battery pack having an electrochromic function are proposed.
Example 1
In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a film structure of an integrated composite layer 350 according to the present application; a solar cell 300 with electrochromic function, comprising a transparent substrate 310, a transparent electrode layer 320, an auxiliary electrode layer 330, a PNL340, an integrated composite layer 350 and a metal electrode layer 360; transparent electrode layer 320, auxiliary electrode layer 330, PNL340, integrated composite layer 350, metal electrode layer 360 are formed in this order, laminated to obtain solar cell 300; referring to fig. 4 and 6, fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic layer 351B-B of a solar cell 300 according to the present application; fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting layer 352A-A of the solar cell 300 of the present application. The integrated composite layer 350 includes a photovoltaic layer 351 and a light emitting layer 352; the photovoltaic layer 351 and the light-emitting layer 352 form an integrated composite layer 350 by vapor deposition; the photovoltaic layer 351 is used for performing photoelectric conversion to obtain electric energy; the light-emitting layer 352 is used for exciting the electrochromic material therein by using electric energy to generate light with different colors and brightness; the auxiliary electrode serves to enhance the conductivity of the transparent electrode layer 320; the transparent electrode layer 320 is used to draw out the positive/negative electrode of the solar cell 300, and the corresponding metal electrode layer 360 is used to draw out the negative/positive electrode of the solar cell 300.
The basic structure of the sports watch carrying the solar cell 300 is as shown in fig. 1, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the film structure of the solar cell 300 according to the present application; the uppermost layer is a transparent protective cover plate 100, a solar cell 300 is arranged below the cover plate 100, and a LCD, electrochromism, OLED, micro-OLED or Micro-LED display 400 is arranged below the solar cell 300. The cover sheet 100 and the solar cell 300, and the solar cell 300 and the display 400 below are bonded and assembled using the OCA or OCR optical paste 200.
In this embodiment, the light emitting layer 352 with electrochromic material is integrated on the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 by using the evaporation process, and the light emitting layer 352 with electrochromic material is integrated on the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300, so that the endurance of the electronic product is improved, the traditional design concept is broken through, and the visual experience is improved.
The solar cell 300 in this embodiment may be mounted on a sports watch, or may be mounted on the surface of a protective casing of an intelligent terminal such as an intelligent watch, a bracelet, a mobile phone, a tablet, or an E-Book reader.
In this embodiment, the basic manufacturing process of the solar cell 300 is as follows: transparent electrode layer 320-auxiliary electrode layer 330-PNL 340-integrated composite layer 350-metal electrode layer 360, and finally, after fabrication, packaging by attaching a packaging rear cover, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, fig. 3 is a first schematic diagram of the packaged solar cell 300, and fig. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the packaged solar cell 300. Further, the transparent electrode layer 320 is divided by an etching process to lead out the first electrode and the third electrode; the metal electrode layer 360 is divided by a mask plate shielding process to lead out a second electrode and a fourth electrode; the first electrode and the third electrode have the same polarity, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode have the same polarity. Positive solar cells and negative solar cells can be manufactured through positive and negative electrode conversion respectively, and the method can be concretely implemented as follows:
the forward solar cell 300 may be fabricated. The transparent electrode layer 320 is used as the positive electrode of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 and the positive electrode of the electrochromic functional material (for example, OLED material) in the light-emitting layer 352, and the electrodes are physically separated by yellow light and etching process, which are respectively a first electrode and a third electrode; the metal electrode layer 360 is used as a negative electrode of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 and a negative electrode of an electrochromic functional material (for example, an OLED material) in the light-emitting layer 352, and is physically divided into a second electrode and a fourth electrode by using a MASK process (MASK).
The negative solar cell 300 may also be fabricated. The transparent electrode layer 320 is used as the negative electrode of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 and the negative electrode of the electrochromic functional material (for example, OLED material) in the light-emitting layer 352, and the electrodes are physically separated by yellow light and etching process, and are respectively a second electrode and a fourth electrode; the metal electrode layer 360 is used as the positive electrode of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 and the positive electrode of the electrochromic functional material (for example, OLED material) in the light-emitting layer 352, and the MASK plate shielding process MASK is used to perform physical division of the electrodes, namely a first electrode and a third electrode.
The transparent substrate 310 in the solar cell 300 includes, but is not limited to, rigid glass, quartz, or flexible organic polymer materials (including, but not limited to, PET, CPI, PEN, COP, PC, PMMA, etc.), and a water-oxygen barrier film layer is formed on one or more surfaces of the substrate. The water-oxygen barrier film layer is a single-layer film or a multi-layer film with a water-oxygen barrier function, which is generally manufactured by mutually overlapping organic film layers and/or inorganic film layers, the water-vapor barrier effect takes a WVTR value as an evaluation standard value, and the WVTR range is 1E-2-1E-6 (g/m 2/day).
Transparent anode layer: is generally made of metal oxide (ITO, AZO, FTO, ATO, etc.), nano silver, metal simple substance or alloy (magnesium, silver simple substance or alloy), or high-conductivity organic polymer material (such as PEDOT: PSS), etc. When the metal cathode adopts metal oxide, nano silver and high-conductivity organic polymer material, the thickness range is set in the range of 20 nm-5 μm. When the transparent anode layer is made of metal simple substance or alloy material, the thickness of the transparent anode layer needs to be set within the range of 10-30 nm. Preferably, the anode can be matched with a metal auxiliary electrode so as to improve the conductivity of the electrode and further improve the conversion efficiency of the device.
Auxiliary electrode layer 330: is generally prepared from low-resistivity metal simple substance Al, ag, cu, mo, pt, ti and the like through PVD or MOCVD coating and yellow light etching.
Metal electrode layer 360: the film is generally formed by vapor deposition of low-resistivity metal simple substance Al, ag or alloy Mg & Ag.
Encapsulation back cover of solar cell 300: the device can be made of rigid glass, quartz or bendable organic polymer materials (including but not limited to PET, CPI, PEN, COP, PC and the like), or made of an ultrathin water-oxygen barrier layer by adopting a TFE film packaging mode, so that the device is lighter and thinner.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 7 and 9, fig. 7 is a first schematic view of a film structure of a photovoltaic layer 351 of a solar cell 300 according to the present application; fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a layer structure of a light emitting layer 352 of a solar cell 300 according to the present application; the fabrication of the integrated composite layer 350 of the organic solar cell 300 may be specifically implemented as:
the light emitting layer 352 includes a HIL3521, a first HTL3522, an EML3523, a first ETL3524, and an EIL3525; the photovoltaic layer 351 includes a second HTL3511, an ACT-L3512, and a second ETL3513; the HIL3521, the first HTL3522, the EML3523, the first ETL3524, the EIL3525, the second HTL3511, the ACT-L3512 and the second ETL3513 are sequentially fabricated by a mask masking process to form the integrated composite layer 350.
In this embodiment, the light emitting layer 352 with electrochromic material (for example, OLED material) may be fabricated first, and then the photovoltaic layer 351 with photovoltaic function may be fabricated. Specifically, the HIL3521, the first HTL3522, the EML3523, the first ETL3524, the EIL3525, the second HTL3511, the ACT-L3512, and the second ETL3513 may be sequentially fabricated, and after the integrated composite layer 350 is completed, the metal electrode layer 360 is evaporated.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, in fabricating the integrated composite layer 350 of the organic solar cell 300, the light emitting layer 352 in this embodiment includes the HIL3521, the first HTL3522, the EML3523, the first ETL3524, and the EIL3525; the photovoltaic layer 351 includes a second HTL3511, an ACT-L3512, and a second ETL3513.
During manufacturing, a mask plate is used for shielding the process:
firstly, preparing HIL3521;
a second step of simultaneously manufacturing a first HTL3522 and a second HTL3511;
thirdly, sequentially manufacturing EML3523 and ACT-L3512;
fourthly, simultaneously manufacturing a first ETL3524 and a second ETL3513;
fifthly, manufacturing an EIL3525;
an integrated composite layer 350 is formed. After the integrated composite layer 350 is completed, the metal electrode layer 360 is evaporated.
Example 4
On the basis of example 1, in fabricating the integrated composite layer 350 of the perovskite or polymer type solar cell 300, as shown in fig. 8, the photovoltaic layer 351 in this example includes an HTL modifying layer 3514, a second HTL3511, an ACT-L3512, and second ETL3513 and ETL modifying layers 3515; the light emitting layer 352 includes an HIL3521, a first HTL3522, an EML3523, a first ETL3524, and an EIL3525; during manufacturing, an HTL modification layer 3514, a second HTL3511, an ACT-L3512, a second ETL3513, an ETL modification layer 3515, an HIL3521, a first HTL3522, an EML3523, a first ETL3524 and an EIL3525 are sequentially manufactured by using a mask plate shielding process to form an integrated composite layer 350; the first HTL3522 and the second HTL3511 may share the same HTL material (PEDOT: PSS), and the second ETL3513 and the EIL3525 may share the same material (LiF).
After the integrated composite layer 350 is completed, the metal electrode layer 360 is evaporated. In this embodiment, the HIL3521 and the first HTL3522 in the light emitting layer 352 with electrochromic functional material (for example, OLED material) may be optimized to make only one layer of the first HTL3522, and share the same organic or inorganic HTL material PEDOT: PSS or MoO3 with the second HTL3511 of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300.
In this embodiment, when the perovskite-type solar cell 300 is fabricated, in order to improve the efficiency of the device, the energy level of the electrode may be further matched with the energy level of the adjacent photoelectric functional layer by adding the HTL modification layer 3514 and the ETL modification layer 3515. At this time, the ETL modifying layer 3515 of the photovoltaic layer 351 may be used together (e.g. LiF material is selected) with the EIL3525 material in the light emitting layer 352 having electrochromic material (e.g. OLED material). The second HTL3511 of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the perovskite solar cell 300 generally employs PEDOT: PSS, which may be used in combination with QUPD or OTPD as the HTL modifier layer 3514, which may effectively reduce electron transport to the anode and reduce the probability of recombination of holes and electrons.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the solar cells 300 of any one of embodiments 1 to 4 are connected to each other to form a solar cell set, specifically, a solar cell set with electrochromic function, and the solar cells 300 of any one of embodiments 1 to 4 are used for performing planar series connection to form a ring-shaped solar cell set, as shown in fig. 17 and 18; the solar battery pack comprises a first pattern and/or a second pattern; the first pattern is formed by fabricating the light emitting layer 352 of the solar cell 300 at the junction of the solar cell stack; the second pattern is formed by fabricating the light emitting layer 352 of the solar cell 300 in the electronic product display region.
In this embodiment, when the solar cell 300 is collocated on the sports watch, the first pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer 352 of the solar cell 300 at the connection position between two adjacent batteries of the solar cell 300 in the multi-section solar cell group, specifically, the section positions of the multi-section solar cell 300 connected in series in the plane can be designed at twelve main scale positions corresponding to the dial plates 1-12, and 12 scales and characters (Arabic numerals or Roman numerals or other characters capable of being identified) are set as electrochromic color-displaying areas; further, the characters at the four positions of "3, 6, 9, 12" may also be set to display a different color from the other 8 characters.
Example 6
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 22, the solar cells 300 of any one of embodiments 1 to 4 are connected to each other to form a solar cell set, specifically, a solar cell set with electrochromic function, and the solar cells 300 of any one of embodiments 1 to 4 are stacked in series to form a longitudinal stacked solar cell set, which can be defined as a third pattern; the third pattern is formed by vapor deposition of the light emitting layer 352 of the single solar cell 300 between the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell 300.
When the solar cells 300 are longitudinally stacked and connected in series, each layer is a single solar cell 300, and since the light absorption area of the single solar cell 300 occupies the main body, only the position between the remaining positive electrode and the remaining negative electrode can be used as an OLED display area, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell 300 can be designed at a certain position in twelve main scales of the corresponding dial plate according to the actual solar overall dimension, and the special design structure of the position and other devices around the position is highlighted. The number and area of the electrochromic regions is limited, and the characters can be arranged as color blocks of a plurality of different colors of the common electrode but divided into areas. Under the light intensity of different environments, the voltage and current generated by the light absorption of the solar battery 300 are different, and the color temperature displayed by the OLED display area can be changed differently under different scenes due to the different starting voltages of the organic luminescent materials with different colors, so that a singular technological sense is given to-! (e.g., "1" of character "12" is designed as a multicolor font of the common electrode shown in the upper left corner of FIG. 22.)
The luminous layer 352 of the solar cell 300 is manufactured in the display area of the electronic product, specifically, the time and/or scale and/or moon phase and/or decorative pattern displayed in the dial plate are set into Color bars (corresponding to fig. 19-21) in different forms (strip, ring, cross, etc.) by evaporating or printing different Color-changing materials at different positions in the same display area. The display 400 arranged below the watch solar cell 300 can present colorful and cool appearance presented by the electrochromic device built in the solar device in a display or non-display state. In some embodiments, the annular pattern around the small gauge needle may also be designed as a common electrode polychromatic tile shown in the upper right hand corner of fig. 22.
In some embodiments, both planar series and vertical stack may be used to achieve the desired display effect.
Example 7
Unlike embodiments 5 and 6, embodiment 7 is configured such that the light emitting layer 352 is formed inside the inner edge or outside the outer edge of the solar cell 300, and as shown in fig. 23, the single-or multi-cell solar cell 300 is configured in a ring-shaped structure, and the light emitting layer 352 is disposed inside the ring of the ring-shaped structure.
Further, in any of the above embodiments 5 to 7, the minimum output voltage V.gtoreq.V of each solar cell 300 max N; wherein V is max The maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack is represented by N, which is the number of battery cells of the solar battery pack.
The electrochromic functional material (taking an OLED material as an example) in the light emitting layer 352, since the starting voltage of the OLED material is generally more than 3.0V (luminence is greater than or equal to 50 nit), the single cell output voltage V of the conventional single cell OPV (organic solar cell) and single cell PSC (perovskite solar cell) 300 at 200Lux illuminance is generally less than 0.7V, and the single cell output voltage V at 1Sun illuminance is not more than 1.5V, so the solar cell 300 in the present application needs to be designed in a planar series multi-junction manner or in a longitudinal stacked multi-junction manner (Tandem type) in order to be able to reach the starting voltage value of the OLED light emitting material. V when novel solar cell single-section device is under effect of ambient light max Above 3.0V, or the turn-on voltage V of the novel OLED material or other electroluminescent device material Opening and closing No more than V of single solar cell 300 max Such functionality can be achieved in the form of planar and longitudinal single-segment device designs.
Taking a planar multi-junction tandem solar device as an example, the sum V of voltages output by the whole multi-junction device (i.e. solar cell stack) under 200Lux light intensity is required max Not less than 3.0V, the solar cell 300 needs to be designed with N sections, the lowest output voltage of each section of the cell is V, and the design must meet the requirement that V is not less than V max /N。
In the case of the longitudinally stacked solar cell 300, V is outputted also at a light intensity of 200Lux max At least 3.0V, the number of junctions of the cells to be longitudinally stacked is N, the lowest output voltage of each cell to be longitudinally stacked is V, and the design must meet V not less than V max /N。
When the solar cell 300 is in different illumination environments, the difference of photocurrent densities of light absorption and conversion of the photovoltaic layer 351 is large. Photocurrent density (Jsc) generated in indoor lighting environment is μa/cm 2 While the sun is directly irradiated outdoorsIn the case of (a), the current density can reach mA/cm 2 On the order of magnitude of (2). Photocurrent I max Is determined by the size of the light absorption area of the photovoltaic layer 351. With the increase of the layout area of the photovoltaic layer 351, the photoelectric conversion power may exceed the bearing capacity of the electroluminescent device (such as an OLED display), so that the electroluminescent device (equivalent to a photodiode) may be electrically broken down. In order to avoid breakdown, the electrode of electrochromic material (display part of electroluminescent device) in the light-emitting layer 352 and the electrode of the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 are designed separately. The photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 absorbs ambient light and generates a photovoltaic effect, the generated photocurrent is collected through the anode and the cathode and then transmitted to the energy acquisition power management chip, and the rectified photocurrent is supplied to electrochromic functional materials (for example, OLED materials) in the luminous layer 352, and electric energy beyond rated voltage and current of the electroluminescent device is shunted and stored in an energy storage battery of the electronic product. The design circuit further comprises a controller for controlling the current or voltage flowing to the electrochromic material (for example, OLED material) in the light emitting layer 352, and a user can set whether to turn on the display function of the electrochromic material (for example, OLED material) in the light emitting layer 352 at the operation interface of the electronic product, so that when the display to the outside is not needed, the electric energy collected by the solar cell 300 is all transmitted to the built-in energy storage battery, and the cruising ability of the electronic product is further improved.
The solar battery pack can be mounted on intelligent terminal electronic products including but not limited to electronic sports watches, mobile phones, tablets, E-Book readers and the like. Various types of light emitting layer 352 patterns are designed through the connection of the solar cell 300 or the display area of the electronic product, thereby displaying patterns of different colors and brightness, and improving the visual experience of the user.
According to the solar cell 300 with the electrochromic function and the solar cell set, the photovoltaic layer 351 of the solar cell 300 is integrated with the luminescent layer 352 with the electrochromic function material, so that the cruising ability of an electronic product is improved, the traditional design concept is broken through, various types of patterns of the luminescent layer 352 are designed at the joint of the solar cell 300 or in the display area of the electronic product, and the patterns with different colors and brightness are displayed, so that the visual experience of a user is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A solar cell having an electrochromic function, comprising:
a transparent electrode layer;
an auxiliary electrode layer;
PNL；
integrating the composite layer;
a metal electrode layer;
the transparent electrode layer, the auxiliary electrode layer, the PNL, the integrated composite layer and the metal electrode layer are sequentially formed to obtain the solar cell;
the integrated composite layer comprises a photovoltaic layer and a light-emitting layer; the photovoltaic layer is used for performing photoelectric conversion to obtain electric energy; the light-emitting layer is used for exciting electrochromic materials in the light-emitting layer by utilizing the electric energy so as to generate light with different colors and brightness;
the auxiliary electrode is used for enhancing the conductivity of the transparent electrode layer;
the transparent electrode layer is used for leading out the positive electrode/negative electrode of the solar cell, and the metal electrode layer is correspondingly used for leading out the negative electrode/positive electrode of the solar cell.
2. The solar cell with electrochromic function according to claim 1, wherein the transparent electrode layer is divided by an etching process to draw out a first electrode, a third electrode; the metal electrode layer is divided by a mask plate shielding process to lead out a second electrode and a fourth electrode; the first electrode and the third electrode have the same polarity, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode have the same polarity.
3. The electrochromic solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises:
HIL；
a first HTL;
EML；
a first ETL;
EIL；
the photovoltaic layer includes:
a second HTL;
ACT-L；
a second ETL;
and sequentially manufacturing the HIL, the first HTL, the EML, the first ETL, the EIL, the second HTL, the ACT-L and the second ETL by using a mask plate shielding process to form the integrated composite layer.
4. The electrochromic solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises:
HIL；
a first HTL;
EML；
a first ETL;
EIL；
the photovoltaic layer includes:
a second HTL;
ACT-L；
a second ETL;
masking process by using a mask plate:
firstly, manufacturing HIL;
a second step of simultaneously manufacturing a first HTL and a second HTL;
thirdly, sequentially manufacturing EML and ACT-L;
fourthly, simultaneously manufacturing a first ETL and a second ETL;
fifthly, manufacturing an EIL;
and forming the integrated composite layer.
5. The electrochromic solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic layer comprises:
an HTL modification layer;
a second HTL;
ACT-L；
a second ETL;
an ETL modifying layer;
the light emitting layer includes:
a first HTL;
EML；
a first ETL;
EIL；
sequentially manufacturing an HTL modification layer, a first HTL, a second HTL, an ACT-L, EML, a first ETL, a second ETL and an EIL by using a mask plate shielding process to form the integrated composite layer;
wherein the first HTL and the second HTL share the same material, and the second ETL and the EIL share the same material.
6. A solar cell set with electrochromic function, characterized in that the solar cells of any one of claims 1-5 are adopted for planar series connection to form an annular solar cell set;
the solar cell stack comprises a first pattern and/or a second pattern;
the first pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer at the joint of the solar battery pack;
the second pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer in an electronic product display area;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
7. A solar cell set with electrochromic function, characterized in that the solar cells of any one of claims 1-5 are adopted for lamination and serial connection to form a longitudinal lamination solar cell set;
the solar cell stack includes a third pattern;
the third pattern is formed by manufacturing the light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode of the solar cell;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
8. A solar cell set with electrochromic function, characterized in that the solar cells of any one of claims 1-5 are adopted for lamination series connection or plane series connection to form a solar cell set; wherein the light-emitting layer is manufactured inside the inner edge or outside the outer edge of the solar cell;
the lowest output voltage V of the solar battery of a single section is more than or equal to V max N; wherein V is max And N is the number of battery sections of the solar battery pack, wherein N is the maximum output voltage of the solar battery pack.
9. An electronic product, characterized in that it comprises a solar cell stack according to any one of claims 6-8.
10. The electronic product of claim 9, wherein the electronic product comprises any one of a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a cell phone, a tablet, an E-Book reader.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310647582.1A CN116896908A (en) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-01 | Solar cell with electrochromic function, battery pack and electronic product |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310647582.1A CN116896908A (en) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-01 | Solar cell with electrochromic function, battery pack and electronic product |
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| Country | Link |
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