CN116895959A - Terminal and electric wire with terminal - Google Patents

Terminal and electric wire with terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116895959A
CN116895959A CN202310125642.3A CN202310125642A CN116895959A CN 116895959 A CN116895959 A CN 116895959A CN 202310125642 A CN202310125642 A CN 202310125642A CN 116895959 A CN116895959 A CN 116895959A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
terminal
vickers hardness
conductor
extension
extension portion
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Pending
Application number
CN202310125642.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
庆留间鸿
佐藤哲朗
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Bomeilicheng Co ltd
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Bomeilicheng Co ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN116895959A publication Critical patent/CN116895959A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member

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  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a terminal and a wire with a terminal, which can inhibit the increase of resistance between a cylindrical part and a conductor and the increase of resistance between an extension part and a connected member. The solution is a terminal composed of the same aluminum material as a whole. The terminal is provided with: a cylindrical portion provided at one end side of the terminal and having a hollow portion into which a conductor is inserted; and a plate-like extension portion provided on the other end side of the terminal, which is different from the one end side, and in which a through hole is formed. The portion of the extension portion connected to the member to be connected is provided with a plating layer. The vickers hardness of the extension portion is greater than the vickers hardness of a portion of the cylindrical portion that is located in the thickness direction of the extension portion.

Description

Terminal and electric wire with terminal
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to terminals and terminated wires.
Background
The terminal-equipped wire includes a wire and a terminal. The terminal is connected to a conductor provided in the electric wire. The material of the conductor and the terminal is copper or copper alloy. Patent document 1 discloses a terminal-equipped wire in which the material of the conductor and the terminal is an aluminum material.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2020-119865
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The terminal includes a cylindrical portion. The conductor is inserted into the cylindrical portion. The tubular portion is connected to the conductor by caulking (compression, crimping, or the like) the tubular portion in a state where the conductor is inserted into the tubular portion. Thereby, stress acts between the cylindrical portion and the inserted conductor. The stress sometimes becomes smaller with the passage of time. When the material of the conductor and the terminal is an aluminum material, the stress tends to be small with the lapse of time. When the stress becomes smaller, the contact force between the cylindrical portion and the conductor becomes smaller, and the resistance between the cylindrical portion and the conductor increases.
In addition, the terminal is provided with an extension. The extension portion is connected to the member to be connected by a bolt or the like. The extension portion has a plating layer at a portion contacting the member to be connected. When the material of the terminal is an aluminum material, if the terminal and the member to be connected are exposed to a high temperature environment, the extension is stressed by a difference in linear expansion between the extension and the bolt, the extension is plastically deformed, and the plating layer is broken. As a result, the resistance between the extension portion and the connected member increases. When the resistance between the extension portion and the connected member increases, the terminal-attached wire generates heat when a current flows. The heat generated by the terminal-attached wire may cause wire breakage and poor contact.
In 1 aspect of the present disclosure, it is preferable to provide a terminal and a terminal-equipped wire capable of suppressing an increase in resistance between the cylindrical portion and the conductor and an increase in resistance between the extension portion and the connected member.
Means for solving the problems
One aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal integrally composed of the same aluminum material. The terminal includes a cylindrical portion provided on one end side of the terminal and having a hollow portion into which a conductor is inserted, and a plate-like extension portion provided on the other end side of the terminal different from the one end side and having a through hole formed therein. The portion of the extension portion connected to the member to be connected is provided with a plating layer. The vickers hardness of the extension portion is greater than the vickers hardness of a portion of the cylindrical portion that is located in the thickness direction of the extension portion.
In the terminal of aspect 1 of the present disclosure, the vickers hardness of the extension portion is greater than the vickers hardness of the portion of the cylindrical portion that is located in the thickness direction of the extension portion. Since the vickers hardness of the extension portion is large, the electrical resistance between the extension portion and the connected member is not easily increased even under a high-temperature environment.
Further, since the vickers hardness of the portion of the cylindrical portion located in the thickness direction of the extension portion is small, the stress acting between the conductor and the cylindrical portion is not easily relaxed, the contact force between the conductor and the cylindrical portion is not easily reduced, and the electrical resistance between the conductor and the cylindrical portion is not easily increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a terminal-equipped wire.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the terminal is connected to the member to be connected.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of manufacturing the terminal.
Fig. 4 is a side sectional view showing a state in which a part of the exposed portion is inserted into the hollow portion.
In fig. 5, fig. 5A is a sectional view of the terminal-equipped wire at the end of the first compression, fig. 5B is a sectional view of the terminal-equipped wire at the end of the second compression, and fig. 5C is a sectional view of the terminal-equipped wire at the end of the third compression.
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the plate material and the member to be connected are connected.
Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the position of a cut surface in a plate material.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the measurement position of the Vickers hardness in the cut surface.
Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a temperature change in 1 thermal cycle.
FIG. 10 is a table showing the measurement results of the Vickers hardness in Experimental example 1.
Fig. 11 is a table showing the measurement results of the resistance increase in experimental example 1.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the Vickers hardness and the resistance increase measured in Experimental example 1.
Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a position of a cut surface of the terminal.
Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a measurement position of vickers hardness in a cut surface at an extension portion.
Fig. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a measurement position of vickers hardness in a cut surface of the cylindrical portion.
FIG. 16 is a table showing the measurement results of the Vickers hardness in Experimental example 2.
Fig. 17 is a table showing the measurement results of the resistance increase in experimental example 2.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the Vickers hardness and the resistance increase measured in Experimental example 2.
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the Vickers hardness and the resistance increase measured in Experimental examples 1 and 2.
Symbol description
1 … strip terminal wire, 2 … wire, 3 … conductor, 3a … exposed portion, 4 … insulating layer, 5A, 5R … terminal, 6 … cylindrical portion, 6a … opening portion, 6b … measuring portion, 7 … hollow portion, 8 … extension portion, 8a … main body portion, 9 … bolt hole, 10, 11, 12 … compressed portion, 101 … connected member, 103 … bolt hole, 105, 107 … bolt, 108 … plate, 109 … cut-out, 110 … spring washer, 111 … washer, 201 … material, 203 … bar, 205 … plating, 301, 303, 305 … cut-out, P1-P3 … compressed portion.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Terminal 5 structure
The structure of the terminal 5 will be described with reference to fig. 1, 2, and 15. As shown in fig. 1, the terminal 5 includes a cylindrical portion 6 and an extension portion 8. The cylindrical portion 6 and the extension portion 8 are integrally formed. The cylindrical portion 6 is provided at one end side of the terminal 5. The extension portion 8 is provided on the other end side of the terminal 5 different from the one end side.
The cylindrical portion 6 has, for example, a cylindrical shape having a circular cross section orthogonal to the axial direction. The cylindrical portion 6 has a hollow portion 7 inside thereof. The conductor 3 described later can be inserted into the hollow portion 7. The cylindrical portion 6 has an opening 6a at an end in the axial direction. The hollow portion 7 communicates with the outside of the cylindrical portion 6 at the opening portion 6a. The opening 6a is circular in shape, for example. The diameter of the opening 6a is, for example, equal to the outer diameter of the conductor 3 or about 90 to 95% of the outer diameter of the conductor 3. The conductor 3 is inserted into the hollow portion 7 through the opening 6a. When the conductor 3 is inserted into the hollow portion 7 from the opening portion 6a, if the conductor 3 is compressed by a strapping or the like to an extent that the outer diameter of the conductor 3 is equal to the inner diameter of the tubular portion 6, damage to the conductor 3 can be reduced, and the conductor 3 can be smoothly inserted into the hollow portion 7.
The extension portion 8 includes, for example, a main body portion 8a and a bolt hole 9. The body 8a is, for example, plate-shaped. The bolt hole 9 is a through hole penetrating the main body 8 a.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, the extension portion 8 is connected to the connected member 101. A part of the extension portion 8 overlaps a part of the connected member 101. The connected member 101 includes a bolt hole 103. The bolt hole 103 penetrates the member 101 to be connected, for example.
The positions of the bolt holes 9 and 103 are matched. For example, the extension 8 is connected to the connected member 101 using a bolt 105, a nut 107, a spring washer 110, and 2 washers 111. Bolts 105 are inserted into the bolt holes 9 and 103.
The entirety of the terminal 5 is composed of the same aluminum material. Aluminum material refers to a material comprising aluminum. As the aluminum material, pure aluminum and aluminum alloy are preferable.
Pure aluminum is a material composed of Al and unavoidable impurities. As the pure aluminum, for example, pure aluminum for electric use (ECAl) is cited. Examples of the aluminum alloy include Al-Fe-Zr.
Al-Fe-Zr is an aluminum alloy containing 0.01 to 0.10 mass% of Zr, 0.1 mass% or less of Si, 0.2 to 1.0 mass% of Fe, 0.01 mass% or less of Cu, 0.01 mass% or less of Mn, 0.01 mass% or less of Mg, 0.01 mass% or less of Zn, 0.01 mass% or less of Ti and 0.01 mass% or less of V, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The terminal 5 is provided with a plating layer. The plating layer is formed on a part or the whole of the surface of the terminal 5. The plating layer is formed, for example, at least at a portion of the extension portion 8 that contacts the connected member 101. Examples of the plating layer include Sn plating layer and Ag plating layer.
The vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is greater than the vickers hardness of the portion of the cylindrical portion 6 located in the thickness direction of the extension portion 8. The vickers hardness of the extension 8 is preferably 35HV0.1 or more. When the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is 35HV0.1 or more, the increase in resistance between the extension portion 8 and the member to be connected 101 can be further suppressed even in a high-temperature environment. The vickers hardness of the extension 8 is preferably as high as possible, and is not particularly limited, and may be 60HV0.1 or less, for example. HV0.1 is the vickers hardness when pressed at a load of 100 gf.
The measuring section 6b shown in fig. 15 is located at a position radially apart from the outer edge of the hollow section 7 by 1mm to 2mm in the thickness direction X of the extension section 8. In the measurement section 6b, the vickers hardness was measured. The measurement portion 6b is a part of the cylindrical portion 6 located in the thickness direction X of the extension portion 8. The vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b is preferably less than 35HV0.1. When the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b is smaller than 35HV0.1, the resistance between the conductor 3 and the terminal 5 is less likely to increase even when time elapses from the connection of the conductor 3 and the terminal 5.
2. Method for manufacturing terminal 5
The terminal 5 can be manufactured by the method shown in fig. 3, for example. In S1, a material 201 composed of an aluminum material is prepared.
In S2, round bar forming is performed, whereby bar 203 is obtained from material 201. The diameter of bar 203 is, for example, 16mm. Then, annealing was performed at 400℃for 3 hours.
In S3, one front end portion of rod 203 is cold-forged, thereby forming extension 8. The plate thickness of the extension 8 is, for example, 5.8 tempered mm. The length of the extension 8 in the axial direction is, for example, 30mm.
In S4, the opening 6a and the hollow 7 are formed using a drill without annealing after S3. As a result, the cylindrical portion 6 is formed. Further, bolt holes 9 are formed in the extension portion 8 using a drill without annealing.
In S5, a plating layer 205 is formed on the surface of the terminal 5. The plating layer 205 includes, for example, 2 layers of a base and a surface layer. The substrate is for example a layer of Cu. The surface layer is, for example, a layer of Sn. The film thickness of the substrate is, for example, 2. Mu.m. The thickness of the surface layer is, for example, 8 to 13. Mu.m. The plating layer 205 can be formed by electroplating, for example. No plating layer is formed on the inner surface of the hollow portion 7 of the terminal 5.
In the terminal 5 manufactured by the method shown in fig. 3, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is greater than the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b. The reason for this is as follows. By performing cold forging in S3, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 becomes large. Since annealing is not performed after S3, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 can be maintained in a large state.
On the other hand, since the portion of bar 203 to be measuring portion 6b is processed less during cold forging, the vickers hardness of measuring portion 6b does not become larger than that of extension portion 8. As a result, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is greater than the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b.
The method of manufacturing the terminal 5 may be the following other method. In S2 of fig. 3, a tube made of an aluminum material is prepared. In S3, one end side of the tube is press-worked. In the press-worked portion, the hollow portion of the tube is closed to become the extension portion 8. The part of the tube that is not press-worked is a cylindrical portion 6. In other methods, annealing is also not performed after S3. Next, a plating layer 205 is formed on the surface of the terminal 5. No plating layer is formed on the inner surface of the hollow portion 7 of the terminal 5.
In the terminal 5 manufactured by the other method, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is also larger than the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b. The reason for this is as follows. The extension 8 is a press-worked portion of the tube. The vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is increased by performing press working. Since annealing is not performed after press working, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 can be maintained in a large state.
On the other hand, since the press working is not performed on the portion of the tube that becomes the cylindrical portion 6, the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b does not become large. As a result, the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is greater than the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b.
3. Construction of terminal-equipped wire 1
The structure of the terminal-attached electric wire 1 will be described with reference to fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the terminal-equipped wire 1 includes a wire 2 and a terminal 5.
The electric wire 2 is a so-called insulated electric wire. The electric wire 2 includes a conductor 3 and an insulating layer 4. The insulating layer 4 covers the conductor 3. At the end of the wire 2, the conductor 3 is exposed. The exposed portion of the conductor 3 is defined as an exposed portion 3a. Part or all of the exposed portion 3a is inserted into the hollow portion 7.
The conductor 3 is a core wire of the electric wire 2. Examples of the conductor 3 include a metal wire and a stranded wire formed by stranding a plurality of metal wires. Examples of the metal material constituting the conductor 3 include an aluminum material. Examples of the aluminum material include pure aluminum and aluminum alloy. As the pure aluminum, for example, pure aluminum for electric use (ECAl) is cited.
Examples of the aluminum alloy include the following Al-Zr and Al-Fe-Zr. Al-Zr is an aluminum alloy having the following chemical composition: contains 0.03 to 1.5 mass% of Zr and 0.1 to 1.0 mass% of Fe and Si, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the composition of Al-Zr, "0.1 to 1.0 mass% of Fe and Si" has the following meanings. When Al-Zr contains both Fe and Si, the total concentration of Fe and Si is 0.1 to 1.0 mass%. When Al-Zr contains Fe and does not contain Si, the concentration of Fe is 0.1 to 1.0 mass%. When Al-Zr contains Si but not Fe, the concentration of Si is 0.1 to 1.0 mass%. The term "free" as used herein means that the detection limit is not higher than, for example, in high-frequency inductively coupled plasma luminescence spectroscopy.
The insulating layer 4 is formed of an insulating material. The insulating layer 4 covers the conductor 3. Examples of the material of the insulating layer 4 include a fluorine-based resin, an olefin-based resin, and a silicone-based resin. The insulating layer 4 is provided over the entire length of the electric wire 2 except the exposed portion 3a.
The tensile strength of the material of the conductor 3 is preferably greater than the tensile strength of the material of the terminal 5. The tensile strength of the material of the conductor 3 is preferably 20MPa or more greater than the tensile strength of the material of the terminal 5.
For example, the material of the conductor 3 may be Al-Fe-Zr, and the material of the terminal 5 may be ECAl. In this case, the tensile strength of the material of the conductor 3 is about 24MPa or more greater than the tensile strength of the material of the terminal 5.
For example, the material of the conductor 3 may be al—zr, and the material of the terminal 5 may be ECAl. In this case, the tensile strength of the material of the conductor 3 is about 46MPa or more greater than the tensile strength of the material of the terminal 5.
For example, the composition of the material of the conductor 3 may be made the same as that of the material of the terminal 5. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the heat treatment, the degree of working, and the like in the manufacturing process so that the tensile strength of the material of the conductor 3 is greater than the tensile strength of the material of the terminal 5.
The vickers hardness of the material of the conductor 3 is preferably greater than the vickers hardness of the material of the terminal 5. When the vickers hardness of the material of the conductor 3 is greater than the vickers hardness of the material of the terminal 5, the stress acting between the cylindrical portion 6 and the conductor 3 is not easily relaxed, and the electrical resistance between the cylindrical portion 6 and the conductor 3 is not easily increased.
The terminal-equipped wire 1 can be used as a wiring material for buildings, wind turbines, railway vehicles, automobiles, and the like, for example.
4. Method for manufacturing terminal-equipped electric wire 1
The terminal-equipped wire 1 can be manufactured by the following method, for example.
(4-1) preparation step
The electric wire 2 and the terminal 5 are prepared. For example, the conductor 3 and the terminal 5 are each composed of an aluminum material. Next, as shown in fig. 4, a part of the exposed portion 3a is inserted into the hollow portion 7.
For example, after the exposed portion 3a is coated with a composite containing conductive particles, the exposed portion 3a may be inserted into the hollow portion 7. Alternatively, the exposed portion 3a may be inserted into the hollow portion 7 after the hollow portion 7 is coated or filled with the composite containing the conductive particles. The conductive particle-containing compound contains, for example, conductive particles and fluorine-based oil. Examples of the conductive particles include conductive particles made of Ni-P, conductive particles made of Ni-B, and mixtures thereof.
(4-2) compression/connection Process
Next, as shown in fig. 5A, the compression portion 10 is formed by compressing the compression portion P1 located in the tubular portion 6 in a state where the exposed portion 3a is inserted into the hollow portion 7. Next, as shown in fig. 5B, the compression portion 12 is formed by compressing the compression portion P3 located in the cylindrical portion 6. Finally, as shown in fig. 5C, the compression portion 11 is formed by compressing the compression portion P2 located in the tubular portion 6.
In the axial direction of the exposed portion 3a, the compression portions 10, 11, 12 are arranged so as not to overlap with each other at a position offset from each other in the order of the compression portion 10, the compression portion 11, and the compression portion 12. In the axial direction of the exposed portion 3a, the compressed portion 10 is located closer to the extending portion 8 than the compressed portions 11 and 12. By forming the compressed portions 10, 11, 12, the terminal 5 is connected to the conductor 3. The compression portions 10, 11, 12 may be partially overlapped.
For example, the compression portions 10, 11, 12 can be formed by applying a predetermined pressure to the compression portions P1 to P3 over the entire circumference of the cylindrical portion 6 using a compression jig. The compression portions 10, 11, 12 undergo compression deformation (plastic deformation). In a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction of the exposed portion 3a, the compressed portions 10, 11, 12 have a hexagonal shape, for example.
In addition, the compression portions P1 to P3 may be pressure-bonded by applying a predetermined pressure from one side. It should be noted that compression and crimping correspond to caulking.
5. Terminal 5 and effect of electric wire 1 with terminal
(5-1) the extension portion 8 has a Vickers hardness greater than that of the measurement portion 6b. Since the vickers hardness of the extension portion 8 is large, the electrical resistance between the extension portion 8 and the connected member 101 is not easily increased even under a high-temperature environment.
Further, since the vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b is small, the stress acting between the conductor 3 and the cylindrical portion 6 is not easily relaxed, the contact force between the conductor 3 and the cylindrical portion 6 is not easily reduced, and the electrical resistance between the conductor 3 and the cylindrical portion 6 is not easily increased.
(5-2) the extension portion 8 has a Vickers hardness of 35HV0.1 or more. Therefore, even in a high-temperature environment, an increase in resistance between the extension portion 8 and the connected member 101 can be further suppressed.
The vickers hardness of the measurement portion 6b was less than 35HV0.1. Therefore, an increase in resistance between the conductor 3 and the cylindrical portion 6 can be further suppressed.
6. Experimental example 1
(6-1) manufacture of the sheet 108
The sheet 108 shown in fig. 6 is prepared. There are 3 kinds of plates 108. Among the 3 kinds of plates 108, the materials other than the plating layer were ECAl (0), al-Fe-Zr (0), and Al-Zr (T5), respectively. (0) and (T5) are the tempering designations of aluminum, respectively. (0) Is a material which is completely annealed and softened. (T5) is a material which is cooled in high-temperature working and then subjected to artificial aging treatment.
The sheet 108 simulates the extension 8. The plate 108 has bolt holes 9 as in the extension 8. The plate 108 has a plating layer on the surface. The plating layer is composed of a Cu plating layer and a Sn plating layer as substrates. The thickness of the Cu plating layer was 2. Mu.m. The thickness of the Sn plating layer is 8-13 mu m.
(6-2) measurement of Vickers hardness
For the 3 kinds of plates 108, vickers hardness was measured by the following method, respectively. The plate 108 is cut at a cut surface 109 shown in fig. 7. The cut surface 109 is a cut surface parallel to the main surface of the plate 108. The cut surface 109 passes through the center in the thickness direction of the plate material 108. After polishing the cut surface 109, the vickers hardness was measured at the measurement positions 1 to 6 shown in fig. 8 on the cut surface 109. The method for measuring vickers hardness was JIS Z2244: 2009. The vickers hardness was measured under the following conditions: 100gf, press-in time: 15 seconds.
Measurement positions 1 to 6 are located around the bolt hole 9. The measurement positions 1 to 6 are arranged in a grid pattern. The measurement positions were spaced apart from each other by 5mm in one direction. The distance between the measurement positions was 9mm in the direction perpendicular to the one of the measurement positions. The results of the measurement of the vickers hardness are shown in fig. 10.
(6-3) measurement of resistance increase amount
The resistance increase was measured for each of the 3 kinds of plates 108 by the following method. As shown in fig. 6, the plate 108 is connected to the member to be connected 101. The member to be connected 101 is a member manufactured under the same conditions and the same composition as the plate material 108. A portion of the plate material 108 overlaps a portion of the connected member 101. The connected member 101 includes a bolt hole 103 penetrating the connected member 101. The positions of the bolt holes 9 and 103 are matched. The plate 108 is connected to the connected member 101 using a bolt 105, a nut 107, a spring washer 110, and 2 washers 111. Bolts 105 are inserted into the bolt holes 9 and 103. The bolt 105 and the nut 107 were fastened using a torque wrench so that the fastening torque became 45n·m.
Next, the resistance R1 between the plate 108 and the member 101 to be connected was measured at room temperature. Next, the plate 108 and the member to be connected 101 were housed in a thermostat, and the temperature in the thermostat was changed so that the thermal cycle shown in fig. 9 was repeated for 300 cycles. The 1 thermal cycle is constituted by a section for housing for 2.5 hours in a state where the target temperature in the thermostat is set to 120 ℃ and a section for housing for 3 hours in a state where the target temperature in the thermostat is set to-20 ℃. In 1 thermal cycle, the time for setting the temperature in the constant temperature bath to 120℃was 15 minutes or more, and the time for setting the temperature to-20℃was 15 minutes or more.
After 300 cycles, the temperature of the plate 108 and the member 101 to be connected was returned to room temperature, and the resistance R2 between the plate 108 and the member 101 to be connected was measured. The value obtained by subtracting R1 from R2 is used as the resistance increase amount. The resistance increase is shown in fig. 11. The unit of the resistance increase is μΩ.
Fig. 12 shows the relationship between the vickers hardness (average value of the values measured at 6) of each plate 108 shown in fig. 10 and the resistance increase (average value of the values measured at 2) of each plate 108 shown in fig. 11. The larger the vickers hardness, the smaller the resistance increase amount.
7. Experimental example 2
(7-1) manufacture of terminals 5A, 5R
The terminal 5A is manufactured by the steps S1 to S5 shown in fig. 3. If the plating 205 is excluded, the material of the terminal 5A is ECAl. The diameter of bar 203 is 16mm. The plate thickness of the extension 8 is 5.8 temper designation mm. The length of the extension 8 in the axial direction is 30mm. The plating layer 205 is formed on the entire surface except the hollow 7. The plating layer 205 is composed of a Cu layer and a Sn layer as substrates. The film thickness of the substrate was 2. Mu.m. The Sn layer has a film thickness of 8-13 μm.
The terminal 5R is manufactured substantially in the same manner as the terminal 5A. However, in the method for manufacturing the terminal 5R, annealing is performed at 400 ℃ for 3 hours after the step of S3, and then the step of S4 is performed.
(7-2) measurement of Vickers hardness
The vickers hardness was measured for each of the terminals 5A and 5R. The method for measuring vickers hardness was the same as in experimental example 1. As shown in fig. 13, the terminals 5A, 5R are cut at the cut surfaces 301, 303, 305, and the cut surfaces 301, 303, 305 are polished. The cut surface 301 is a cross section of the extension 8. The cut surface 301 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the extension portion 8. The cut surface 301 passes through the center in the thickness direction of the extension portion 8.
The cut surfaces 303, 305 are cut surfaces of the cylindrical portion 6. The cut surfaces 303, 305 are orthogonal to the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 6. The cut surface 303 is located at a distance of 30mm from the opening 6a in the axial direction of the tubular portion 6. The cut surface 305 is located at a distance of 10mm from the opening 6a in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 6.
In the cut surface 301, vickers hardness was measured at the measurement positions 1 to 12 shown in fig. 14. Measurement positions 1 to 12 are located around the bolt hole 9. The measurement positions 1 to 12 are arranged in a grid pattern. The measurement positions were spaced apart from each other by 5mm in one direction. The distance between the measurement positions was 9mm in the direction perpendicular to the one of the measurement positions.
In the cut surface 303, vickers hardness was measured at the measurement positions 13 to 16 shown in fig. 15. The measurement positions 13, 15 are radially separated from the outer edge of the hollow portion 7 by 1mm. The measurement positions 14, 16 are radially separated from the outer edge of the hollow portion 7 by 2mm. The measurement positions 13 and 14 are located in the measurement portion 6b of the extension portion 8 of the tubular portion 6 in the thickness direction X.
In the cut surface 305, vickers hardness was measured at the measurement positions 17 to 20 shown in fig. 15. The measurement positions 17 and 19 are separated by 1mm in the radial direction from the outer edge of the hollow portion 7. The measurement positions 18, 20 were separated from the outer edge of the hollow portion 7 by 2mm in the radial direction. The measurement positions 17 to 18 are located in the measurement portion 6b of the extension portion 8 of the tubular portion 6 in the thickness direction X.
The results of measuring the vickers hardness are shown in fig. 16. The "upper and lower cylindrical portions" in fig. 16 refer to average values of vickers hardness at measurement positions 13, 14, 17, 18. The "left and right of the cylindrical portion" in fig. 16 means the average value of vickers hardness at the measurement positions 15, 16, 19, 20.
(7-3) measurement of resistance increase amount
The resistance increase amounts of the terminals 5A and 5R were measured by the following methods. As shown in fig. 2, the extension portions 8 of the terminals 5A, 5R are connected to the connected member 101. The connected member 101 is a member manufactured under the same composition and under the same conditions as the terminals 5A and 5R. A part of the extension portion 8 overlaps a part of the connected member 101. A plating layer 205 is formed in a portion of the extension portion 8 that contacts the connected member 101.
The connected member 101 includes a bolt hole 103 penetrating the connected member 101. The positions of the bolt holes 9 and 103 are matched. The extension 8 is connected to the connected member 101 using a bolt 105, a nut 107, a spring washer 110 and 2 washers 111. Bolts 105 are inserted into the bolt holes 9 and 103. The bolt 105 and the nut 107 were fastened using a torque wrench so that the fastening torque became 45n·m.
Next, the resistance R1 between the extension 8 and the connected member 101 was measured at room temperature. Next, the extension portion 8 and the member to be connected 101 were housed in a constant temperature bath, and the temperature in the constant temperature bath was changed so that the thermal cycle shown in fig. 9 was repeated for 300 cycles. The 1 thermal cycle is constituted by a section for housing for 2.5 hours in a state where the target temperature in the thermostat is set to 120 ℃ and a section for housing for 3 hours in a state where the target temperature in the thermostat is set to-20 ℃. In 1 thermal cycle, the time for setting the temperature in the constant temperature bath to 120℃was 15 minutes or more, and the time for setting the temperature to-20℃was 15 minutes or more.
After 300 cycles, the temperature of the extension portion 8 and the member 101 to be connected was returned to room temperature, and the resistance R2 between the extension portion 8 and the member 101 to be connected was measured. The value obtained by subtracting R1 from R2 is used as the resistance increase amount. The resistance increase is shown in fig. 17. The unit of the resistance increase is μΩ. The resistance increase was measured with n number of 2.
The relationship between the Vickers hardness and the resistance increase in experimental example 2 is shown in FIG. 18. The vickers hardness is an average value of values measured at 12 of the extension portion 8 shown in fig. 16, and the resistance increase is an average value of values measured at 2 shown in fig. 17. The larger the vickers hardness, the smaller the resistance increase amount. The relationship between the vickers hardness and the resistance increase in experimental examples 1 and 2 is shown in fig. 19. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing the results of fig. 12 and 18 in summary. The larger the vickers hardness, the smaller the resistance increase amount.
8. Other embodiments
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and can be implemented by various modifications.
(8-1) the functions of 1 component in the above embodiment may be realized by a plurality of components, or 1 function of 1 component may be realized by a plurality of components. The functions of the plurality of components may be realized by 1 component, or 1 function realized by the plurality of components may be realized by 1 component. In addition, a part of the constitution of the above embodiment may be omitted. At least a part of the constitution of the above embodiment may be added or replaced with the constitution of the other above embodiment.
In addition to the above-described electric wire with terminal, the present disclosure can be realized by various means such as a product having the electric wire with terminal as a constituent element, a method for manufacturing a terminal, a method for manufacturing the electric wire with terminal, and the like.

Claims (3)

1. A terminal is composed of the same aluminum material as a whole,
comprises a cylindrical portion and a plate-like extension portion,
the cylindrical portion is provided at one end side of the terminal, has a hollow portion into which a conductor is inserted,
the plate-like extension portion is provided on the other end side of the terminal, which is different from the one end side, and is formed with a through hole;
the portion of the extension portion connected to the member to be connected is provided with a plating layer,
the vickers hardness of the extension portion is greater than the vickers hardness of a portion of the cylindrical portion that is located in the thickness direction of the extension portion.
2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein,
the extension portion has a vickers hardness of 35HV0.1 or more,
the vickers hardness of the portion of the cylindrical portion that is located in the thickness direction of the extension portion is less than 35HV0.1.
3. A terminal-equipped electric wire comprising a conductor made of an aluminum material and an insulating layer covering the conductor, and the terminal according to claim 1 or 2 connected to the electric wire.
CN202310125642.3A 2022-03-31 2023-02-15 Terminal and electric wire with terminal Pending CN116895959A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022-059076 2022-03-31
JP2022059076A JP2023150131A (en) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Terminal and terminal-equipped wire

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CN116895959A true CN116895959A (en) 2023-10-17

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