CN116882792A - Coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality biological synthesis - Google Patents

Coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality biological synthesis Download PDF

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CN116882792A
CN116882792A CN202310386291.1A CN202310386291A CN116882792A CN 116882792 A CN116882792 A CN 116882792A CN 202310386291 A CN202310386291 A CN 202310386291A CN 116882792 A CN116882792 A CN 116882792A
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徐良骥
桂松
范廷玉
张坤
徐友修
王庆松
魏海东
蒋欢
殷莱莱
章行康
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Anhui Construction Engineering Group Co ltd
Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality and life characterization, which provides subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation indexes, selects three indexes of aquatic organisms, physical habitats and water quality physicochemical parameters, obtains the quality score of the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment by utilizing a comprehensive index method, classifies the quality score, and constructs a set of scientific and complete coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation system. The evaluation method overcomes the defects of the prior art, focuses on the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area, perfects the traditional evaluation index system, can comprehensively reflect the ecological environment condition of the subsidence area, is beneficial to grasping the real condition and evolution rule of the ecological environment of the subsidence area, is beneficial to scientifically managing the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area, and provides basis for technical selection of ecological management of mining areas and water resource protective development and utilization.

Description

Coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality biological synthesis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment evaluation, in particular to a coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality and life characterization.
Background
Along with the expansion of the exploitation scale, the subsidence area is continuously expanded, the ponding area is also increased year by year, the ecological environment of the mining area is continuously deteriorated, and partial mining area has eutrophication or severely polluted subsidence water areas, thus forming an important restriction factor for sustainable development of the mining cities. Therefore, research on the water ecological environment of the collapsed water accumulation area is imperative. Compared with common surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the like, the coal mining subsidence water bodies are wide in distribution and dispersion, and underwater topography is complex. As the mining range continues to expand, the impact of multiple seam repeated mining disturbances generally presents a trend toward a transition from land to land composite systems. In the process of forming the subsidence water body, the water quality is affected by agricultural non-point source pollution and potential pollutant release in the original farmland soil, and the water quality of the subsidence water body is continuously changed. Because of more environmental transformation factors, an accurate evaluation report cannot be obtained, so that the treatment scheme is difficult to be accurately applied to the target area.
Regarding the water ecological environment quality evaluation, there is a current technical guideline for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment quality of river water, which only introduces various detection techniques and evaluation methods, but does not disclose how to comprehensively evaluate the environment quality of a specific water ecological river basin in detail, and lacks technical standards for investigation and evaluation of water resource environment of a coal mining subsidence water area, and personnel in industry still do not have reliable evaluation methods and standards to execute during operation.
The environmental quality evaluation of the coal mining subsidence water area is an index of comprehensive evaluation, and if water quality or biological index is used for water ecological quality evaluation, certain difference exists between the water ecological quality evaluation and the actual situation. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive water ecological quality evaluation method which includes water quality and living things, has unified indexes as much as possible and is simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality and life characterization, which is characterized in that key characteristics of a water ecological system structure and functions are obtained by analyzing and researching floating zoo plants, benthonic organisms and microbial community compositions, a scientific ecological evaluation index system is constructed from three aspects of aquatic organisms, physical habitats and water quality physicochemical parameters, the quality condition of the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment is comprehensively evaluated, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment is concentrated, and the traditional evaluation index system is perfected.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the evaluation method of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on water quality and life characterization comprises the following steps:
and 1, establishing a detection site and a reference site, and collecting a sample.
And step 2, preliminarily selecting the evaluation indexes, and constructing an evaluation index system with a step hierarchy relation.
And step 3, screening the biological integrity index, the habitat quality index and the water quality index of the core from the evaluation index system in the step 2, and establishing an evaluation method and a standard.
And 4, calculating the relative weight of each evaluation index in the step 3 by adopting a analytic hierarchy process, and obtaining the quality score of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area according to the weight accumulation, and dividing the quality grade of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area.
Further, the step 1 reference sites comprise regional reference sites and specific reference sites;
the specific process for collecting the sample in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquisition time: and when the water sample is in obvious water-rising period and water-rising period, samples such as water samples, sediment, microorganisms, phytoplankton, benthonic animals and the like are collected in the water-rising period and the water-rising period for 2 times per month, 20 sampling sites are arranged in total, and the sampling sites comprise 9 closed subsidence water areas (FB 1-FB 9), 11 open subsidence water areas, natural mud river water areas (D1-D5) on the upstream of the mud river, water areas (K1-K5) on the cultivation area and photovoltaic water areas (D11 on the downstream of the mud river).
(2) Setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line: setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line of the closed coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, and executing with reference to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91; the setting of the sampling section and the sampling vertical line of the open coal mining subsidence water accumulation area is carried out according to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91, the sampling sections are respectively added at the river junction opening of the subsidence area and the river junction opening of the subsidence area, and the sampling sections are appropriately increased or decreased according to the water body type of the subsidence area.
(3) Sample point position determination: the position of the water quality sampling point in the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area in the active period is distributed according to the setting of the monitoring vertical line sampling point in 3-3 lakes (reservoirs) in HJ/T91-2002; the positions of water quality sampling points in the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area in the stable sinking period are distributed according to the setting of monitoring vertical line sampling points in 3-3 lakes (reservoirs) in HJ/T91-2002.
Further, the evaluation index system with the step hierarchical relationship in the step 2 is divided into three layers, namely a target layer, a system layer and an index layer.
The target layer is the ecological environment quality index of the coal mining subsidence water area.
The system layer is a biological integrity index, a habitat quality index and a water quality index.
The index layer comprises a biological integrity index layer, a habitat quality index layer and a water quality index layer.
Further, the biological integrity index layer in the step 2 is divided into 3 index types of biological richness, species composition and tolerance/sensitivity, and comprises 23 candidate parameters, wherein the biological richness index comprises total zooplankton category number, density, midge category number, sensitive species number, stain-resistant category number, total phytoplankton classification unit number, zooplankton density, total zooplankton classification unit number and zooplankton density.
The species composition index comprises dominant species proportion, proportion of different types of species of sensitive species, proportion of number of sensitive species, proportion of different types of species of stain-resistant species, proportion of number of stain-resistant species, zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index, phytoplankton Shannon-H diversity index, pielou uniformity index and zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index; tolerance/sensitivity indicators include BMWP scoring system, pollution index values for dominant species, and Palmer index.
The index layer of the habitat quality index comprises water bottom surface layer sediment substances, perching environment complexity, speed and depth combination, river bank stability, river channel change of a water area, water volume condition of the water area, vegetation diversity, water quality condition, human activity intensity and river bank land utilization type.
The index layer of the water quality index comprises common water quality indexes and specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area, wherein the common water quality indexes comprise water pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, CODcr, total phosphorus and total nitrogen; the specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area comprise superscalar rate and characteristic pollutants, including heavy metals, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and other types of pollutants.
Further, the method for screening the core index in the step 3 includes:
(1) The distribution range analysis is a method for analyzing the distribution frequency of candidate parameters in all monitoring sample points, and if the distribution range of the reference points is too narrow or if zero value is more than or equal to 95%, the candidate parameters are excluded.
(2) The discrimination capability analysis is to analyze the overlapping condition IQ of candidate parameters at the reference point and the damaged point, and the discrimination capability analysis method carries out assignment on the IQ according to the overlapping condition of candidate indexes at the reference point and the damaged point, and the comparison range (25% -75%): when the overlapping area exists, the median is within the range of the opposite box body, and IQ is 0; when a median is in the opposite box, IQ=1; the middle digits are all outside the other box body, and IQ is 2; and if the IQ of the candidate index is greater than or equal to 2, reserving the candidate index.
(3) The correlation analysis is a method for checking the independence of candidate parameter expression information, and the method for the correlation analysis is to reject one candidate index when the correlation coefficient |r| >0.75 of 2 candidate indexes.
6. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the step 3 evaluating method and the standard comprises the following steps:
(1) The biological integrity index and evaluation criteria were established by using the 95% quartile method.
(2) And establishing a habitat quality evaluation method and a habitat quality evaluation standard based on a scoring method.
(3) And establishing a water quality evaluation method and a standard by confirming the exceeding standard and the pollution factor.
Further, the biological integrity index evaluation standard adopts a 95% four-way method, and the distribution of the index values below the 95% score bit is scored in 5 equal steps based on the index value distribution of the reference point.
Further, the method for confirming the standard exceeding and the pollution factors comprises a single factor evaluation method, an internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method and an eutrophication evaluation method.
The calculation formula of the single factor evaluation method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) i Is a single standard index, C i As measured value, S i Is the standard value.
The calculation formula of the inner Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) n For internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index, P imean Single pollution index average, P, for pollutant i (i=1, 2,3 …) imax Is the single pollution index maximum for pollutant i.
The eutrophication evaluation adopts a comprehensive nutrition index (TLI) method, and the eutrophication degree evaluation research has the following calculation formula:
wherein: TLI (Σ) -integrated nutritional status index, W j -the relevant weight of the nutritional status index of the j-th parameter, TLI (j) -the nutritional status index of the j-th parameter.
Further, the relative weight of each evaluation index is calculated, a standard value of 1-9 is given according to the importance degree of two factors participating in comparison relative to the common membership factor of the previous layer, a preliminary judgment matrix is constructed, normalization processing is carried out on the preliminary judgment matrix, an evaluation index judgment matrix is obtained, the maximum characteristic value and the corresponding characteristic vector are calculated, after one-time inspection (CR < 0.1), the relative weight between the index layers is determined, wherein the consistency index CI and the inspection coefficient CR of the judgment matrix are calculated as follows:
wherein lambda is max For the maximum characteristic value of the matrix, n is the order of the judgment matrix, RI is the random consistency index, CI k Indicating the kth consistency index.
Further, the ecological environment quality score of the coal mining subsidence water area in the step 4 is calculated by the following formula:
wherein S is the quality score of the ecological environment of the subsidence water area, and x i To give a value of W i The weight of each evaluation element is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method, key characteristics of the structure and the function of the water ecological system are obtained by analyzing and researching the compositions of floating zoo plants, benthonic organisms and microbial communities, a scientific ecological evaluation index system is constructed from three aspects of aquatic organisms, physical habitats and water quality physicochemical parameters, the quality condition of the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment is comprehensively evaluated, the defects of the prior art are overcome, the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment is concentrated, and the traditional evaluation index system is perfected;
2. the coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method can comprehensively reflect the water area ecological environment condition of the subsidence area, is beneficial to grasping the real condition and evolution rule of the subsidence water area ecological environment, is beneficial to scientifically managing the water area ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area, and provides basis for technical selection of mining area ecological management and water resource protective development and utilization.
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The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the ecological environment of a coal mining subsidence water area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on water quality and life characterization is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
and step 1, establishing a reference site, collecting a sample and preprocessing.
Selecting a typical closed type water accumulation area positioned in a coal mining subsidence area of the south China Pan Yi and the Pan two mines, selecting a junction area of a mud river and the Pan Yi mine subsidence area as an open type coal mining subsidence area, and simultaneously, using the upstream (converging) and the downstream (flowing) of the mud river as a comparison;
the sample collection flow comprises the following steps:
acquisition time: and when the water sample is in obvious water-rising period and water-rising period, samples such as water samples, sediment, microorganisms, phytoplankton, benthonic animals and the like are collected in the water-rising period and the water-rising period for 2 times per month, 20 sampling sites are arranged in total, and the sampling sites comprise 9 closed subsidence water areas (FB 1-FB 9), 11 open subsidence water areas, natural mud river water areas (D1-D5) on the upstream of the mud river, water areas (K1-K5) on the cultivation area and photovoltaic water areas (D11 on the downstream of the mud river).
Setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line: setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line of the closed coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, and executing with reference to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91; setting a sampling section and a vertical line of the open coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, referring to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91, respectively adding the sampling section at a river junction opening of the subsidence area and the river junction opening of the subsidence area, and properly increasing or decreasing the sampling section according to the water body type of the subsidence area;
sample point position determination: sampling points are arranged in the region of the mining subsidence water accumulation region in the active period, the working face is projected to the ground, underwater topography mapping is added if necessary, and the rest positions are arranged according to the setting of sampling points of 3-3 lakes (reservoirs) in the table of HJ/T91-2002; the positions of water quality sampling points in the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area in the stable sinking period are distributed according to the setting of monitoring vertical line sampling points in 3-3 lakes (reservoirs) in HJ/T91-2002.
The collected sample is preprocessed, and the processing method is as follows:
water quality sample: the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out suction filtration on a water sample collected on site, and measuring anions and cations in the water; acid adding fixation for indoor COD cr Detecting indexes such as total phosphorus; adding magnesium carbonate for fixation for chlorophyll detection;
microbial samples: adding Lu Ge reagent for fixing and enriching phytoplankton; formalin is added for fixation for detection of zooplankton and benthonic animals; a small amount of water sample and bottom mud are put into a refrigerator for freezing preservation and are used for measuring the microorganism diversity.
In specific implementation, the on-site measurement water sample indexes comprise pH, TDS, EC, ORP, DO, T, H and SD; the indoor test water sample index is NH4 + 、PO4 3- 、COD cr TN, TP, cation (K) + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ ) Anions (F) - 、SO4 2- 、NO 3- 、Cl - ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Detecting a microorganism sample, and performing sequencing analysis on microorganisms in a water sample by using an Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to obtain sequencing data of the microorganisms in a water sample to be evaluated; phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos detection mainly involves species identification and recording of individual numbers.
In this step, the reference sites are divided into regional reference sites and specific reference sites according to the purpose of evaluation, and some undisturbed or less disturbed reference points represent the natural ecological gradient of the subsidence area. The reference points are more suitable for establishing ecological health standards of water areas or watershed scales, are used for evaluating resource utilization damage or influence, and are used for formulating corresponding water quality standards and monitoring networks; the specific reference point is typically one or more points upstream of the point source, and this type of reference condition has limited reliability and is not suitable for monitoring or evaluating large areas.
And step 2, preliminarily selecting the evaluation indexes, and constructing an evaluation index system with a step hierarchy relation.
The evaluation index system with the step hierarchical relationship is divided into three layers, namely a target layer, a system layer and an index layer; the target layer is the ecological environment quality index of the coal mining subsidence water area;
the system layer is used for biological integrity index, habitat quality index and water quality index;
the index layer of the biological integrity index comprises 23 candidate biological parameter indexes which are divided into 3 index types, namely biological richness, species composition and tolerance/sensitivity indexes, wherein the species richness indexes comprise the total number of benthonic species, density, midge species, sensitive species, stain-resistant species, phytoplankton total number of classification units, zooblast density, zooplankton total number of classification units and zooplankton density; the species composition index comprises dominant species proportion, proportion of different types of species of sensitive species, proportion of number of sensitive species, proportion of different types of species of stain-resistant species, proportion of number of stain-resistant species, zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index, phytoplankton Shannon-H diversity index, pielou uniformity index and zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index; tolerance/sensitivity indicators include BMWP scoring system, pollution index value of dominant species and Palmer index;
the index layer of the habitat quality index comprises the following 10 evaluation indexes, namely water bottom surface layer deposition substances, inhabiting environment complexity, speed and depth combination, river bank stability, water channel change in water areas, water quantity conditions in water areas, vegetation diversity, water quality conditions, human activity intensity and river bank land utilization types;
the index layer of the water quality index is divided into two types of common water quality parameters and specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area, wherein the two types of the common water quality parameters and the specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area are respectively;common parameters include pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and COD of the water body cr Total phosphorus and total nitrogen; the specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area comprise superscalar rate and characteristic pollutants, including heavy metals, volatile and semi-volatile organic matters, other types of pollutants and the like (targeted sampling is carried out according to the characteristics of the chemical pollution of the river basin).
And 3, screening core biological indexes, and establishing a biological integrity index and an evaluation standard by adopting a 95% four-way method.
The method for screening the core biological index based on the biological integrity index, the habitat quality index and the water quality index in the step 2 comprises the following steps: candidate parameter distribution range monitoring, discriminant capability analysis and correlation analysis.
The distribution range analysis is a method for analyzing the distribution frequency of candidate parameters in all monitoring sample points, and if the distribution range of the reference points is too narrow or the zero value is more than or equal to 95%, the candidate parameters are excluded; the discrimination analysis is to analyze the overlap condition IQ of candidate parameters at the reference point and the damaged point, and is characterized in that the discrimination analysis method carries out assignment on the IQ according to the overlap condition of candidate indexes at the reference point and the damaged point, and the comparison range (25% -75%): when the overlapping area exists, the median is within the range of the opposite box body, and IQ is 0; when a median is in the opposite box, IQ=1; the middle digits are all outside the other box body, and IQ is 2; let IQ be 3 when there is no overlap region. If IQ of the candidate index is more than or equal to 2, reserving the candidate index; the correlation analysis is a method for checking the independence of candidate parameter expression information, and the correlation analysis method is to reject one candidate index when the correlation coefficient |r| >0.75 of 2 candidate indexes.
The biological integrity index (IBI) evaluation standard adopts a 95% quadrant method, a biological integrity evaluation result of the 95% quadrant method is adopted when the biological integrity index is calculated, a biological integrity index evaluation grade division standard is obtained, 95% fraction bits are used as an optimal value based on index value distribution of reference points, distribution lower than the optimal value is scored in 5 equal division steps, the first score close to the 95% quadrant method represents a place with less interference, and the IBI is generally scored according to 5 grades from top to bottom in sequence: the quality of the water ecological environment of 20 points in the area is evaluated, and the obtained biological integrity evaluation result of the subsidence water area is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 biological integrity index evaluation ranking criteria
TABLE 2 biological integrity evaluation results
And 4, establishing a habitat quality evaluation method and a habitat quality evaluation standard based on a scoring method.
According to technical guidelines for evaluating ecological environment quality of river water (trial), the habitat scores of the monitoring points are obtained by using a habitat evaluation table, the total values of all parameters are accumulated, and finally the obtained habitat quality scores H are assigned.
The habitat quality index criteria are as follows: when H is more than 150, the grade is no interference, and the assigned value is 5; when H is more than 120 and less than 150, the grade is slightly interfered, and the value is 4; when H is more than 90 and less than 120, the grade is light pollution, and the assigned value is 3; when H is more than 60 and less than 90, the grade is moderate pollution, and the assigned value is 2; when H is less than 60, the grade is heavily contaminated, with a score of 1.
The 10 habitat investigation indexes of twenty investigation sites in a research water area are scored and evaluated, the result is shown in table 3, the habitat score is based on subjective judgment of investigation staff, the subjectivity is high, two investigation staff are generally required to observe various habitat indexes at the same time in investigation, and the average value of the scores of the two investigation staff is used as a final result, so that the evaluation result is ensured to be accurate as much as possible.
The habitat quality is evaluated according to a 25th score method of the habitat score distribution of the reference place, namely if the habitat quality value of the monitoring point is higher than the 25th score of the habitat score distribution of the reference place, the habitat quality is good, and then the distribution below the 25th score is evaluated in three parts, namely the habitat value between 47.6 and 71.5 is general; a poor range between 23.8 and 47.6; below 23.8 is very poor.
TABLE 3 habitat element scoring results
And 5, confirming the exceeding standard and the pollution factor, and establishing a water quality evaluation method and standard.
And (3) performing water quality evaluation on different water function types (natural water area, photovoltaic water area and cultivation water area) of the closed and open type subsidence water areas in different periods (dead water period and water period) by adopting a single factor evaluation method, an internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method and an eutrophication evaluation method.
The calculation formula of the single factor evaluation method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) i Is a single standard index; c (C) i As measured value, mg/L, S i Is the standard value, mg/L.
The calculation formula of the internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) n A comprehensive pollution index for interior Mei Luo; p (P) imean A single pollution index average for pollutant i (i=1, 2,3 …); p (P) imax Is the single pollution index maximum for pollutant i. The evaluation criteria of the inner Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method are as follows: pollution index P within Mei Luo n Less than 0.59, the water quality is one type of water; pollution index P within Mei Luo n In the range of 0.59-0.74, the water quality is the class II water; pollution index P within Mei Luo n In the range of 0.74-1.0, the water quality is three types of water; pollution index P within Mei Luo n In the range of 1.0-3.5, the water quality is four types of water; pollution index P within Mei Luo n When the water quality is more than or equal to 3.5, the water quality is five types of water;
the eutrophication evaluation adopts a comprehensive nutrition index (TLI) method with higher satisfaction to evaluate the research of the eutrophication degree. The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: TLI (Σ) -integrated nutritional status index; w (W) j -the associated weight of the nutritional status index of the j-th parameter; TLI (j) -nutritional status index for the j-th parameter. According to the calculated index, the nutrition degree of the water body is divided into 5 grades: when TLI (Σ) is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 30, the nutritional status is lean, and the qualitative evaluation is excellent; when TLI (Σ) is 30 or more and 50 or less, the nutritional status is medium nutrition, and the qualitative evaluation is good; when TLI (Σ) is greater than 50 and equal to or less than 60, the nutritional status is slightly rich, and the qualitative evaluation is slightly polluted; when TLI (Σ) is greater than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 70, the nutrition state is slightly rich, and the qualitative evaluation is moderate pollution; when TLI (Σ) is greater than 70 and equal to or less than 100, the nutritional status is severely eutrophicated, and the qualitative evaluation is severely polluted;
the evaluation standard evaluates the water quality index of the water quality category of different functional areas according to the threshold value in the surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002), and evaluates and calculates the score based on different water quality grades, wherein the evaluation standard is as follows: the water quality is 5 minutes; the water quality belonging to the class II is divided into 4; the water quality is 3 minutes in three types; the water quality is divided into 2 categories; the water quality is 1 minute in five types of water quality and below.
In specific implementation, the single factor evaluation method is to adopt the standard of class III water of the surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002), the single factor evaluation is carried out on CODCr, TP, TN and DO, the standard limit value of the basic project of the environmental quality standard of each index is shown in table 4, and the evaluation results of different seasons are shown in table 5.
TABLE 4 environmental quality standard basic project standard limits (units: mg/L) for various indicators
TABLE 5 Single factor evaluation results of Main pollutants Table
In specific implementation, the comprehensive pollution index method of the interior Mei Luo is used for evaluating the water quality by taking III water of the surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002) as a reference, the evaluation standard of the pollution index method of the interior Mei Luo is shown in table 6, and the evaluation result of the pollution index of the interior Mei Luo is shown in table 7.
Evaluation criteria of Mei Luo pollution index method in Table 6
Table 7 table Mei Luo pollution index evaluation results
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In specific implementation, a comprehensive nutrition index (TLI) method is used for evaluating the eutrophication degree research, and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, CODcr and chlorophyll a are selected as indexes of the eutrophication evaluation according to the calculation requirement of the comprehensive nutrition index, so that the collapse area is subjected to the eutrophication evaluation. The degree of nutrition of the water body is divided into 5 grades according to the calculated index, the grades are shown in table 8, and the evaluation results of the eutrophication index are shown in table 9.
TABLE 8 hierarchical eutrophication status tables
TABLE 9 eutrophication index evaluation results Table
And step 6, calculating the relative weight of each evaluation index by adopting a analytic hierarchy process, and obtaining the quality score of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area according to the weight accumulation and dividing the quality grade of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area.
The relative weight of each evaluation index is calculated by adopting a pairwise comparison method, according to the importance degree of two factors participating in comparison relative to the factor affiliated to the former layer, a standard value of 1-9 is given, a preliminary judgment matrix is constructed, normalization processing is carried out on the preliminary judgment matrix, the evaluation index judgment matrix is obtained, the maximum characteristic value and the corresponding characteristic vector are calculated, and the relative weight in the index layer and the layer can be determined after one-time inspection (CR < 0.1). The calculation formulas of the consistency index CI and the check coefficient CR of the judgment matrix are as follows:
wherein lambda is max For the maximum characteristic value of the matrix, n is the order of the judgment matrix, RI is the random consistency index, CI k Indicating the kth consistency index.
The comprehensive index (S) of the ecological environment quality of the coal mining subsidence water area with the quality score of the ecological environment quality is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein S is the comprehensive index of water and environmental quality, x i To give a value of W i The weight of each evaluation element is calculated. Wherein, the score range of the habitat factors is 1-5, and the suggested weight is 0.1-0.3; the score range of the physical and chemical elements of the water quality is 0-5, and the suggested weight is 0.35-0.45; the score range of the biological element is 1-5, and the suggested weight is 0.35-0.45. The water ecological comprehensive index grading standard is divided into the following five grades: when S is more than or equal to 4 and less than 5, the evaluation grade is excellent; when S is 3 or more and less than 4, the evaluation grade is good; when S is 2 or more and less than 3, the evaluation grade is light pollution; when S is more than or equal to 1 and less than 2, the evaluation grade is moderate pollution; when S is less than 1, the rating is heavy contamination.
According to the calculation formula of the comprehensive index (S) of the water ecological environment quality, the weights of the aquatic biological index, the water quality physicochemical parameter index and the physical habitat index are calculated and obtained by a hierarchical analysis method to obtain 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2; according to the S value, the water quality is divided into five grades: cleaning (S is more than or equal to 4), cleaning (4>S is more than or equal to 3), slight pollution (3 > S is more than or equal to 2), moderate pollution (2 > S is more than or equal to 1) and severe pollution (S < 1), wherein the scores and weights of all indexes in the comprehensive evaluation index of the water ecological environment are shown in a table 10, and the quality conditions of different sampling points S and the water ecological environment are shown in a table 11.
TABLE 10 scores and weights for the indices in the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological Environment of water
TABLE 11 different sampling points S and Water ecological Environment quality Condition
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The quality grades of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area are divided into 5 grades according to different thresholds, namely grade I, grade II, grade III, grade IV and grade V.
The invention focuses on the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area, perfects the former evaluation index system, constructs a scientific ecological evaluation index system from three aspects of aquatic organisms, physical habitat and water quality physicochemical parameters, and comprehensively evaluates the quality condition of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality and life characterization is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, establishing a detection site and a reference site, and collecting a sample;
step 2, preliminarily selecting an evaluation index, and constructing an evaluation index system with a step hierarchy relation;
step 3, screening the biological integrity index, the habitat quality index and the water quality index of the core from the evaluation index system in the step 2, and establishing an evaluation method and a standard;
and 4, calculating the relative weight of each evaluation index in the step 3 by adopting a analytic hierarchy process, and obtaining the quality score of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area according to the weight accumulation, and dividing the quality grade of the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area.
2. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of a coal mining subsidence waters based on water quality and life characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 1 reference sites comprise regional reference sites and specific reference sites;
the specific process for collecting the sample in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquisition time: collecting samples of water samples, sediment, microorganisms, zooplankton, benthonic animals and the like in the dead water period and the abundant water period when the samples are collected for 2 times per month, wherein the samples comprise 9 closed subsidence waters, 11 open subsidence waters, a natural mud river water area, a cultivation area water area and a photovoltaic water area;
(2) Setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line: setting a sampling section and a sampling vertical line of the closed coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, and executing with reference to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91; setting a sampling section and a vertical line of the open coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, referring to GB/T14581 and HJ/T91, respectively adding the sampling section at a river junction opening of the subsidence area and the river junction opening of the subsidence area, and properly increasing or decreasing the sampling section according to the water body type of the subsidence area;
(3) Sample point position determination: the positions of water quality sampling points in the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area in the active period are distributed according to the setting of sampling points of monitoring perpendicular lines in 3-3 lakes in HJ/T91-2002; the water quality sampling points of the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area in the stable sinking period are arranged according to the setting of the monitoring perpendicular sampling points of HJ/T91-2002.
3. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation index system with the step hierarchy relationship in the step 2 is divided into three layers, namely a target layer, a system layer and an index layer;
the target layer is the ecological environment quality index of the coal mining subsidence water area;
the system layer is used for biological integrity index, habitat quality index and water quality index;
the index layer comprises a biological integrity index layer, a habitat quality index layer and a water quality index layer.
4. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on water quality and life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the biological integrity index layer in the step 2 is divided into 3 index types of biological richness, species composition and tolerance/sensitivity and comprises the following 23 candidate parameters, wherein the biological richness index comprises benthonic animal total category number, density, midge species category number, sensitive species number, stain resistant species category number, stain resistant species number, phytoplankton total classification unit number, zooplankton density, zooplankton total classification unit number and zooplankton density;
the species composition index comprises dominant species proportion, proportion of different types of species of sensitive species, proportion of number of sensitive species, proportion of different types of species of stain-resistant species, proportion of number of stain-resistant species, zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index, phytoplankton Shannon-H diversity index, pielou uniformity index and zooplankton Shannon-H diversity index; tolerance/sensitivity indicators include BMWP scoring system, pollution index value of dominant species and Palmer index;
the index layer of the habitat quality index comprises water bottom surface layer sediment substances, perching environment complexity, speed and depth combination, river bank stability, river channel change of a water area, water volume condition of the water area, vegetation diversity, water quality condition, human activity intensity and river bank land utilization type;
the index layer of the water quality index comprises common water quality indexes and specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area, wherein the common water quality indexes comprise water pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, CODcr, total phosphorus and total nitrogen; the specific pollution factors of the subsidence water area comprise superscalar rate and characteristic pollutants, including heavy metals, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds and other types of pollutants.
5. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the method for screening the core index in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) The distribution range analysis is a method for analyzing the distribution frequency of candidate parameters in all monitoring sample points, and if the distribution range of the reference points is too narrow or the zero value is more than or equal to 95%, the candidate parameters are excluded;
(2) The discrimination analysis is to analyze the overlap condition IQ of candidate parameters at the reference point and the damaged point, and the discrimination analysis method carries out assignment on the IQ according to the overlap condition of candidate indexes at the reference point and the damaged point, and the comparison range is as follows: when the overlapping area exists, the median is within the range of the opposite box body, and IQ is 0; when a median is in the opposite box, IQ=1; the middle digits are all outside the other box body, and IQ is 2; if the IQ of the candidate index is more than or equal to 2, reserving the candidate index;
(3) The correlation analysis is a method for checking the independence of candidate parameter expression information, and the method for the correlation analysis is to reject one candidate index when the correlation coefficient |r| >0.75 of 2 candidate indexes.
6. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the establishing of the step 3 evaluating method and the standard comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a biological integrity index and an evaluation standard by adopting a 95% quartering method;
(2) Establishing a habitat quality evaluation method and a habitat quality evaluation standard based on a scoring method;
(3) And establishing a water quality evaluation method and a standard by confirming the exceeding standard and the pollution factor.
7. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on water quality and life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the biological integrity index evaluation standard adopts a 95% quartering method, the index value distribution based on the reference point position is scored by taking 95% fraction bits as an optimal value, and the distribution lower than the value is scored in 5 equal steps.
8. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the method for confirming the exceeding standard and the pollution factor comprises a single factor evaluation method, an internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method and an eutrophication evaluation method;
the calculation formula of the single factor evaluation method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) i Is a single standard index, C i As measured value, S i Is a standard value;
the calculation formula of the inner Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index method is as follows:
wherein: p (P) n For internal Mei Luo comprehensive pollution index, P imean As contaminant i(i=1, 2,3 …) single pollution index average value, P imax A single pollution index maximum for pollutant i;
the eutrophication evaluation adopts a comprehensive nutrition index (TLI) method, and the eutrophication degree evaluation research has the following calculation formula:
wherein: TLI (Σ) -integrated nutritional status index, W j -the relevant weight of the nutritional status index of the j-th parameter, TLI (j) -the nutritional status index of the j-th parameter.
9. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on water quality and life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the relative weight of each evaluation index is characterized in that a primary judgment matrix is constructed according to the importance degree of two factors participating in comparison relative to the common membership factor of the upper layer, the primary judgment matrix is normalized to obtain an evaluation index judgment matrix, the maximum characteristic value and the corresponding characteristic vector are calculated, and the relative weight in the index layer and the layer is determined after one-time inspection, wherein the consistency index CI and the inspection coefficient CR of the judgment matrix are calculated as follows:
wherein lambda is max Is the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, n is the judgment matrixThe order, RI, is a random consistency index, CI k Indicating the kth consistency index.
10. The method for evaluating the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence water area based on the water quality and the life characterization according to claim 1, wherein the ecological environment quality score of the coal mining subsidence water area in the step 4 is calculated by the following formula:
wherein S is the quality score of the ecological environment of the subsidence water area, and x i To give a value of W i The weight of each evaluation element is calculated.
CN202310386291.1A 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 Coal mining subsidence water area ecological environment evaluation method based on water quality biological synthesis Pending CN116882792A (en)

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