CN116878577A - Method and system for monitoring tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion engineering - Google Patents
Method and system for monitoring tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion engineering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本申请属于隧道施工技术领域，具体涉及一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测方法及系统。This application belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and specifically relates to a monitoring method and system for tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects.
背景技术Background technique
随着交通运输行业的发展，隧道作为公路的重要控制性工程，既有的双向四车道为主的公路隧道严重制约其发展。超大断面小净距隧道作为公路隧道中常见的隧道形式，在既有公路隧道建设中得到了广泛应用。由于既有隧道通行能力不足，服役时间较长，设备老化，渗漏水问题严重，在受实际条件制约下，有时必须对隧道进行原位改扩建。With the development of the transportation industry, tunnels are important control projects for highways. The existing two-way four-lane highway tunnels seriously restrict their development. As a common tunnel form in highway tunnels, ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnels have been widely used in the construction of existing highway tunnels. Due to insufficient traffic capacity of the existing tunnels, long service time, aging equipment, and serious water leakage problems, it is sometimes necessary to reconstruct and expand the tunnels in situ under the constraints of actual conditions.
而目前针对超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建的研究过少，尚未形成针对超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测评价方法，特别是针对隧道改扩建过程中采用钻爆法施工时爆破对近邻隧道以及中夹岩墙的影响研究比较少，不能有效地保障施工安全，因此迫切地需要一种高效、准确、便捷的适用于超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建施工的综合监测评价方法，以保证隧道原位改扩建施工安全进行。At present, there are too few studies on the in-situ reconstruction and expansion of ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnels by drilling and blasting. There has not yet been a monitoring and evaluation method for the in-situ reconstruction and expansion project of ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnels by drilling and blasting, especially for the tunnel reconstruction and expansion process. When the drill and blast method is used in construction, there are relatively few studies on the impact of blasting on adjacent tunnels and intervening rock walls, which cannot effectively ensure construction safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, accurate and convenient drilling method suitable for ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnels. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation method for the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction of the tunnel using the explosion method to ensure the safe progress of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction of the tunnel.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请旨在解决现有技术的不足，提出一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测方法及系统，在隧道原位改扩建施工过程中，对近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形、近邻隧道和中夹岩墙的质点振速、扩建隧道的质点振速与质点应力、支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行监测，评价施工过程中围岩稳定性并分析钻爆法施工过程中近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的稳定性，确保超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建施工过程的安全。This application aims to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a monitoring method and system for the tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion project. During the tunnel's in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction process, the surrounding rocks of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall are monitored. Monitor the deformation, particle vibration velocity of adjacent tunnels and intervening rock walls, particle vibration velocity and particle stress of the expanded tunnel, support shotcrete strain, steel arch strain and secondary lining steel axial force to evaluate the surrounding rock during the construction process. Stability and analyze the stability of adjacent tunnels and intervening rock walls during the drill and blast construction process to ensure the safety of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction process of the ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnel using the drill and blast method.
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了如下方案：In order to achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following solutions:
一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测方法，包括以下步骤：A monitoring method for tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects, including the following steps:
S1.获取所述扩建工程中的监测项目；S1. Obtain the monitoring items in the expansion project;
S2.对所述扩建工程的施工过程进行模拟，得到施工过程中质点的变形特征和力学特征；S2. Simulate the construction process of the expansion project to obtain the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the particles during the construction process;
S3.基于所述变形特征和所述力学特征，对所述监测项目进行测点布置；S3. Based on the deformation characteristics and the mechanical characteristics, arrange measuring points for the monitoring items;
S4.基于测点布置结果布设监测仪器进行监测，得到监测结果；S4. Based on the measurement point layout results, deploy monitoring instruments for monitoring and obtain monitoring results;
S5.对所述监测结果进行分析，确定所述扩建工程的安全性和稳定性。S5. Analyze the monitoring results to determine the safety and stability of the expansion project.
优选的，所述S1中的监测项目包括：近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形、近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的质点振速、扩建隧道的质点振速与质点应力、支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力。Preferably, the monitoring items in S1 include: the surrounding rock deformation of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, the particle vibration velocity of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, the particle vibration velocity and particle stress of the expanded tunnel, and the supporting shotcrete strains, steel arch strains and secondary lining steel axial forces.
优选的，所述S2包括：Preferably, the S2 includes:
通过地层-结构法对所述围岩变形和所述质点振速进行计算模拟，得到所述力学特征；The deformation of the surrounding rock and the vibration velocity of the particle are calculated and simulated through the formation-structure method to obtain the mechanical characteristics;
通过荷载-结构法对所述支护喷射混凝土应变、所述钢拱架应变和所述二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行计算模拟，得到所述变形特征。The deformation characteristics are obtained by calculating and simulating the supporting shotcrete strain, the steel arch strain and the secondary lining steel axial force through the load-structure method.
优选的，所述S3包括：Preferably, the S3 includes:
利用数值模拟的方法，对所述变形特征和所述力学特征进行分析，得到模拟结果；Using a numerical simulation method to analyze the deformation characteristics and the mechanical characteristics, obtain simulation results;
统计所述模拟结果中的中夹岩墙的最大水平、竖向、环向应力以及对应发生的位置，并进行所述测点布置。Statistics of the maximum horizontal, vertical, and circumferential stresses of the middle rock wall in the simulation results and the corresponding occurrence positions are made, and the measuring points are arranged.
优选的，所述S4包括：Preferably, the S4 includes:
采用应变计对所述支护喷射混凝土应变进行监测；Use strain gauges to monitor the strain of the supporting shotcrete;
采用钢筋计对所述钢拱架应变进行监测；Use a steel bar gauge to monitor the strain of the steel arch frame;
采用无线振弦采发仪对所述二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行监测；A wireless vibrating wire mining instrument is used to monitor the axial force of the secondary lining steel bars;
采用多点位移计对所述围岩变形进行监测；Use multi-point displacement meters to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock;
采用振速监测仪对所述质点振速进行监测；Use a vibration speed monitor to monitor the vibration speed of the particle;
采用光栅光纤力传感器对所述质点应力进行监测。A grating optical fiber force sensor is used to monitor the particle stress.
优选的，所述S5包括：Preferably, the S5 includes:
统计所述振速监测仪的监测结果，优化所述扩建工程中的爆破参数；Statistics of the monitoring results of the vibration velocity monitor are used to optimize blasting parameters in the expansion project;
统计所述应变计、所述钢筋计和所述无线振弦采发仪的监测结果，分析影响爆破效果的因素以及所述因素对所述爆破效果的影响权重；Statistics of the monitoring results of the strain gauge, the steel bar gauge and the wireless vibrating wire hair mining instrument are performed, and the factors affecting the blasting effect and the weight of the factors affecting the blasting effect are analyzed;
统计所述多点位移计的监测结果，对所述扩建工程进行安全性评估；Statistics of the monitoring results of the multi-point displacement meter are carried out to conduct a safety assessment of the expansion project;
统计所述光栅光纤力传感器的监测结果，对所述扩建工程进行稳定性评估。The monitoring results of the grating optical fiber force sensor are counted, and the stability of the expansion project is evaluated.
本申请还提供了一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测系统，包括：项目确定模块、模拟模块、测点确定模块、监测模块和分析模块；This application also provides a monitoring system for tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects, including: a project determination module, a simulation module, a measuring point determination module, a monitoring module and an analysis module;
所述项目获取模块用于确定所述扩建工程中的监测项目；The project acquisition module is used to determine monitoring projects in the expansion project;
所述模拟模块用于对所述扩建工程的施工过程进行模拟，得到施工过程中质点的变形特征和力学特征；The simulation module is used to simulate the construction process of the expansion project and obtain the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the particles during the construction process;
所述测点确定模块用于基于所述变形特征和所述力学特征，对所述监测项目进行测点布置；The measuring point determination module is used to arrange measuring points for the monitoring item based on the deformation characteristics and the mechanical characteristics;
所述监测模块用于基于测点布置结果布设监测仪器进行监测，得到监测结果；The monitoring module is used to deploy monitoring instruments for monitoring based on the measurement point layout results and obtain monitoring results;
所述分析模块用于对所述监测结果进行分析，确定所述扩建工程的安全性和稳定性。The analysis module is used to analyze the monitoring results and determine the safety and stability of the expansion project.
优选的，所述监测项目包括：近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形、近邻隧道和中夹岩墙的质点振速、扩建隧道的质点振速与质点应力、支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力。Preferably, the monitoring items include: the surrounding rock deformation of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, the particle vibration velocity of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, the particle vibration velocity and particle stress of the expanded tunnel, the strain of the supporting shotcrete, the steel Arch strain and secondary lining steel axial force.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果为：Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of this application are:
本申请弥补了超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建的技术空白，通过多种监测项目多角度地反映超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建施工的安全性，可有效保证隧道原位改扩建施工的安全；相较于传统监测方法，采用正反面监测的手段，既有左洞隧道钻爆法开挖时在左洞扩建隧道与右洞近邻隧道进行测点布置，既有右洞隧道钻爆法开挖时在右洞扩建隧道与左洞近邻隧道进行测点布置，操作更加合理。建立了超大断面隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程安全模糊综合评价模型。This application fills the technical gap in the in-situ reconstruction and expansion of ultra-large cross-section and small-clearance tunnels by drilling and blasting. Through a variety of monitoring projects, it reflects the safety of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion of ultra-large-section and small-clearance tunnels by drilling and blasting from multiple angles. It can effectively To ensure the safety of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction of the tunnel; compared with the traditional monitoring method, the front and back monitoring methods are adopted. During the drilling and blasting method of the existing left tunnel tunnel, measurement points are arranged in the left tunnel expansion tunnel and the adjacent tunnel of the right tunnel. When excavating the existing right tunnel using the drill and blast method, measurement points are arranged in the right tunnel expansion tunnel and the tunnel adjacent to the left tunnel, making the operation more reasonable. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the safety of in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects using drilling and blasting for ultra-large cross-section tunnels was established.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary people in the art, Technical personnel can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative labor.
图1为本申请实施例的方法流程示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例的地层-结构法计算应力特征结果示意图，其中，a为左洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道水平应力分布示意图，b为左洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道竖向应力分布示意图，c为左洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道环向应力分布示意图，d为右洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道水平应力分布示意图，e为右洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道竖向应力分布示意图，f为右洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道环向应力分布示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stress characteristic calculation results of the stratigraphic-structure method in the embodiment of the present application, where a is a schematic diagram of the horizontal stress distribution of the expanded tunnel and the adjacent tunnel during the excavation of the left hole, and b is the vertical stress of the expanded tunnel and the adjacent tunnel during the excavation of the left hole. Distribution schematic diagram, c is a schematic diagram of the circumferential stress distribution of the expanded tunnel and the adjacent tunnel during the excavation of the left hole, d is a schematic diagram of the horizontal stress distribution of the expanded tunnel and the adjacent tunnel during the excavation of the right hole, e is the vertical stress distribution of the expanded tunnel and the adjacent tunnel during the excavation of the right hole. Distribution diagram, f is a diagram of the circumferential stress distribution of the expanded tunnel and adjacent tunnels during the excavation of the right tunnel;
图3为本申请实施例的地层-结构法计算振速特征结果示意图，其中，a为左洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道质点最大振速分布示意图，b为右洞开挖时扩建隧道与近邻隧道质点最大振速分布示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the results of vibration velocity characteristics calculated by the stratum-structure method according to the embodiment of the present application. a is a schematic diagram of the maximum vibration velocity distribution of the expanded tunnel and adjacent tunnels during excavation of the left hole, and b is a schematic diagram of the maximum vibration velocity distribution of the expanded tunnel and adjacent tunnels during excavation of the right hole. Schematic diagram of the maximum vibration velocity distribution of the particle;
图4为本申请实施例的初期支护及二次衬砌内力监测测点布置示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of measuring points for monitoring the internal force of the initial support and secondary lining according to the embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例的拱顶沉降及水平收敛监测测点布置示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of vault settlement and horizontal convergence monitoring measuring points according to the embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例的超大断面隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程安全模糊综合评价模型示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the safety fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion project of the ultra-large cross-section tunnel drill and blast method according to the embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例的系统结构示意图。Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the system according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.
实施例一Embodiment 1
在本实施例中，如图1所示，一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测方法，包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a monitoring method for tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects includes the following steps:
S1.获取扩建工程中的监测项目。S1. Obtain the monitoring items in the expansion project.
步骤S1中的监测项目包括：近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形、近邻隧道和中夹岩墙的质点振速、扩建隧道的质点振速与质点应力、支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力。The monitoring items in step S1 include: surrounding rock deformation of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, particle vibration velocity of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, particle vibration velocity and particle stress of the expanded tunnel, supporting shotcrete strain, steel arch Frame strain and secondary lining steel axial force.
在本实施例中，由于原隧道的服役时间较长，并且在初次开挖的过程中围岩就已经受到扰动，属于V级劣化围岩，在爆破掘进扩建的过程中，应严格控制爆破参数，并根据质点振速模拟结果评估围岩稳定性等级，必要时应进行超前支护防止围岩塌陷；为研究开挖过程对围岩稳定性的影响，测定钻爆法原位改扩建施工过程中的近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形。为根据钻爆法施工过程中近邻隧道、扩建隧道、中夹岩墙质点振速验证支护设计与爆破设计的合理性并动态调整支护参数与爆破参数，测定原位改扩建施工过程中的近邻隧道和中夹岩墙的质点振速。通过衬砌内力结果计算安全系数，定量评价衬砌结构安全性，对施工过程中初期支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变以及二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行监测。In this embodiment, since the original tunnel has a long service time and the surrounding rock has been disturbed during the initial excavation, it belongs to level V degraded surrounding rock. During the blasting, excavation and expansion process, the blasting parameters should be strictly controlled. , and evaluate the stability level of the surrounding rock based on the particle vibration velocity simulation results. If necessary, advance support should be carried out to prevent the surrounding rock from collapsing. In order to study the impact of the excavation process on the stability of the surrounding rock, the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction process of the drill and blast method was measured. The adjacent tunnel in the center and the surrounding rock deformation of the sandwich rock wall. In order to verify the rationality of the support design and blasting design based on the particle vibration velocity of adjacent tunnels, expanded tunnels, and intermediate rock walls during the construction process of the drill and blast method, and to dynamically adjust the support parameters and blasting parameters, the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction process was measured. Particle vibration velocities of adjacent tunnels and intervening rock walls. The safety factor is calculated based on the lining internal force results, the safety of the lining structure is quantitatively evaluated, and the initial support shotcrete strain, steel arch strain and secondary lining steel axial force are monitored during the construction process.
S2.对扩建工程的施工过程进行模拟，得到施工过程中质点的变形特征和力学特征。S2. Simulate the construction process of the expansion project to obtain the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the particles during the construction process.
步骤S2包括：通过地层-结构法对围岩变形和质点振速进行计算模拟，得到力学特征；通过荷载-结构法对支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行计算模拟，得到变形特征。Step S2 includes: calculating and simulating the surrounding rock deformation and particle vibration velocity through the stratum-structure method to obtain mechanical characteristics; calculating the supporting shotcrete strain, steel arch strain and secondary lining steel axial force through the load-structure method. Simulate and obtain deformation characteristics.
在本实施例中，采用数值计算模拟超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建施工时，根据拟监测项目的特点，分别按地层-结构法和荷载-结构法进行数值计算。近邻隧道、扩建隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形及爆破质点振振速监测测点布置参考地层-结构法计算结果确定；初期支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变以及二次衬砌钢筋轴力的测点布置参考荷载-结构法计算结果确定。In this embodiment, numerical calculation is used to simulate the in-situ reconstruction and expansion construction of a super-large-section, small-clearance tunnel using drilling and blasting. According to the characteristics of the project to be monitored, numerical calculations are performed according to the stratum-structure method and the load-structure method. The surrounding rock deformation and blasting particle vibration velocity monitoring measurement points of the adjacent tunnel, the expanded tunnel and the intermediate rock wall are determined with reference to the calculation results of the stratum-structure method; the initial support shotcrete strain, steel arch strain and secondary lining steel shaft The arrangement of force measuring points is determined with reference to the calculation results of the load-structure method.
进一步的，采用地层-结构法对超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建施工总流程进行模拟时，隧道原位改扩建工程工序如下：左洞回填至既有隧道拱腰-拆除原隧道上部二衬、初支-开挖左侧先行导坑上台阶-施做左侧上台阶初期支护、施做竖向/左侧横向临时支撑、开挖原隧道下部回填部分-拆除原隧道下部二衬、初支-开挖左侧先行导坑下台阶-施做左侧下台阶临时支护/初期支护、开挖右侧后行导坑上台阶-施做右侧上台阶初支/临时支护、开挖右侧后行导坑下台阶-施做右侧下台阶初期支护、拆除中壁临时支护-浇注主洞仰拱二次衬砌-浇注拱墙二次衬砌及其他附属结构。Furthermore, when the stratum-structure method was used to simulate the overall construction process of the in-situ reconstruction and expansion of the ultra-large cross-section and small clearance tunnel using the drill-and-blast method, the process of the tunnel's in-situ reconstruction and expansion project was as follows: backfilling the left hole to the existing tunnel arch waist - dismantling the original tunnel Second lining and initial support in the upper part of the tunnel - excavation of the upper step of the left pilot pit - implementation of initial support for the left upper step, installation of vertical/left lateral temporary support, excavation of the lower backfill part of the original tunnel - demolition of the original tunnel Second lining of the lower part, initial support - excavate the lower step of the left guide pit - perform temporary support/initial support for the left lower step, excavate the upper step of the right guide pit - perform initial support of the right upper step /Temporary support, excavation of the lower steps of the guide pit on the right side - initial support of the right lower steps, removal of temporary support of the middle wall - pouring of the secondary lining of the invert of the main cave - pouring of the secondary lining of the arch wall and others Accessory structures.
进一步的，统计并分析地层-结构法计算中近邻隧道的力学特征，统计开挖过程完成后隧道断面的最大水平、竖向、环向应力以及对应的位置；统计近邻隧道、扩建隧道与中夹岩墙最高振速质点出现的位置；如图2-3所示，1为地层-结构计算中断面水平应力极值点，2为地层-结构计算中断面竖向应力极值点，3为地层-结构计算中断面环向应力极值点，4为地层-结构计算中断面最大振速极值点。统计并分析荷载-结构法计算中断面最终弯矩内力结果，统计弯矩内力图中拱顶、左右拱肩、左右边墙、左右墙角及仰拱各位置弯矩极值出现的对应断面位置；如图4所示，5为荷载-结构计算中断面弯矩内力极值点。Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics of adjacent tunnels calculated by the stratigraphic-structure method were counted and analyzed, and the maximum horizontal, vertical, and circumferential stresses of the tunnel section after the excavation process were completed were counted, as well as the corresponding positions; the adjacent tunnels, expanded tunnels, and intermediate tunnels were counted. The position where the highest vibration velocity particle appears in the rock wall; as shown in Figure 2-3, 1 is the horizontal stress extreme point of the formation-structure calculation fault plane, 2 is the vertical stress extreme point of the formation-structure calculation fault plane, and 3 is the formation -The circumferential stress extreme point of the structural calculation fault surface, 4 is the maximum vibration velocity extreme point of the formation-structural calculation fault surface. Statistics and analysis of the results of the final bending moment internal force of the section calculated by the load-structure method, statistics of the corresponding section positions where the bending moment extremes occur at the vault, left and right spandrels, left and right side walls, left and right wall corners and inverts in the bending moment internal force diagram; As shown in Figure 4, 5 is the extreme point of the internal force of the bending moment in the load-structure calculation.
S3.基于变形特征和力学特征，对监测项目进行测点布置。S3. Based on the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics, arrange the measuring points of the monitoring items.
步骤S3包括：利用数值模拟的方法，对变形特征和力学特征进行分析，得到模拟结果；统计模拟结果中的中夹岩墙的最大水平、竖向、环向应力以及对应发生的位置，并进行测点布置。Step S3 includes: using numerical simulation methods to analyze the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics to obtain simulation results; statistical simulation results of the maximum horizontal, vertical, and circumferential stresses of the middle rock wall and the corresponding occurrence positions, and perform Measuring point layout.
在本实施例中，采用数值模拟的方法，对小净距隧道围岩塑性区分布，变形和受力特点进行分析，统计数值模拟结果中中夹岩墙的最大水平、竖向、环向应力以及对应发生的位置进行测点布置；对于浅埋小净距隧道而言，地层变形可向上传递至地表，使得地表处于不稳定状态，因此在进行隧道施工时地表变形也应格外关注，当侧压力系数较大时，会出现双洞间地表塑性区、围岩塑性区和中夹岩墙塑性区的贯通，所以在隧道开挖前需要提前进行围岩加固，从而保证施工安全。In this embodiment, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the plastic zone distribution, deformation and stress characteristics of the surrounding rock of the small clearance tunnel, and the maximum horizontal, vertical and circumferential stresses of the intercalated rock wall in the numerical simulation results are statistically analyzed. And arrange the measuring points corresponding to the location where they occur; for shallow-buried tunnels with small clearances, the ground deformation can be transmitted upward to the surface, making the ground surface unstable. Therefore, special attention should be paid to ground deformation during tunnel construction. When the pressure coefficient is large, there will be a connection between the surface plastic zone, the surrounding rock plastic zone and the middle rock wall plastic zone between the two tunnels. Therefore, the surrounding rock needs to be reinforced in advance before tunnel excavation to ensure construction safety.
S4.基于测点布置结果布设监测仪器进行监测，得到监测结果。S4. Based on the measurement point layout results, deploy monitoring instruments for monitoring and obtain monitoring results.
步骤S4包括：采用应变计对支护喷射混凝土应变进行监测；采用钢筋计对钢拱架应变进行监测；采用无线振弦采发仪对二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行监测；采用多点位移计对围岩变形进行监测采用振速监测仪对质点振速进行监测；采用光栅光纤力传感器进行扩建隧道的质点应力监测。Step S4 includes: using strain gauges to monitor the strain of the supporting shotcrete; using a steel bar gauge to monitor the strain of the steel arch; using a wireless vibrating wire sensor to monitor the axial force of the secondary lining steel bars; using a multi-point displacement meter to monitor the axial force of the secondary lining steel bars. The deformation of the surrounding rock is monitored using a vibration velocity monitor to monitor the particle vibration velocity; a grating optical fiber force sensor is used to monitor the particle stress of the expanded tunnel.
在本实施例中，采用多点位移计监测开挖过程中近邻隧道的围岩变形及隧道双洞之间的中夹岩墙的稳定性；采用应变计、钢筋计以及无线振弦采发仪对施工过程中初期支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变以及二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行自动监测，参考荷载—结构法计算所得的断面最终弯矩内力结果，将上述监测项目的测点布置在弯矩内力图中弯矩极值出现的对应位置处；采用振速监测仪监测近邻隧道的振速变化，监测点的布置根据数值模拟结果确定。In this embodiment, a multi-point displacement meter is used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock of the adjacent tunnel and the stability of the rock wall between the two tunnels during the excavation process; a strain gauge, a steel bar gauge and a wireless vibrating wire mining instrument are used Automatically monitor the initial support shotcrete strain, steel arch strain and secondary lining steel axial force during the construction process. With reference to the final bending moment internal force results of the section calculated by the load-structure method, the measuring points of the above monitoring items are arranged at The corresponding position where the bending moment extreme value appears in the bending moment internal force diagram; a vibration speed monitor is used to monitor the vibration speed changes of the adjacent tunnel, and the layout of the monitoring points is determined based on the numerical simulation results.
如图5所示，采用多点位移计监测开挖过程中拱顶下沉和水平收敛变形；围岩位移和围岩预收敛变形测点处分别沿径向和纵向埋设多点位移计，并安放无线振弦采发仪；径向埋设的多点位移计用于测量开挖过程中的拱顶下沉，纵向埋设的多点位移计用于测量围岩水平收敛变形，无线振弦采发仪实现监测数据的自动采集。As shown in Figure 5, multi-point displacement meters are used to monitor the subsidence and horizontal convergence deformation of the vault during the excavation process; multi-point displacement meters are buried in the radial and longitudinal directions at the surrounding rock displacement and surrounding rock pre-convergence deformation measuring points, respectively, and A wireless vibrating wire mining instrument is installed; the radially buried multi-point displacement meter is used to measure the vault subsidence during excavation, and the longitudinally buried multi-point displacement meter is used to measure the horizontal convergence deformation of the surrounding rock. Wireless vibrating wire mining The instrument realizes automatic collection of monitoring data.
进一步的，在进行监测中夹岩墙的围岩位移及质点振速时，随着开挖掘进的过程，中夹岩墙的厚度不断变化，施工隧道爆破时，根据爆破掌子面的前进位置，相应地在近邻隧道进行布点，追踪中夹岩墙随间距变化而发生的振动变化，比较埋设质点的径向和切向爆破振速幅值。由于径向方向和震动波的传播方向一致，通常径向振速大于切向振速。施工隧道爆破时，近邻隧道的迎爆侧由于应力波的反射拉伸作用，其动应力集中因子增大，振幅较大；而背爆一侧没有明显的变化，振速相对较小，因此，测点布置应重点关注近邻隧道迎爆侧振速峰值及振速峰值出现的位置。爆破地震波的传播特性随传播介质的改变而改变，尤其在缺陷介质中传播时更具有明显的可变性与多样性。当小净距结构体或其子结构体的固有频率与主振频率或次主频相近时，会因共振而导致震动成倍增加，进而可能使局部或部分开裂破坏或失稳，因此，必须考虑地震波频率与振速的双重破坏作用。综合考虑围岩条件、隧道埋深、施工风险和不良及特殊地质的影响因素对各监测项目进行监测断面选取；监测断面选取的间隔距离宜与开挖进尺保持一致，当监测结果接近安全预警值或经专家研判具有施工风险时，考虑在该风险段增加监测点；测试断面尽量选取在各围岩级别代表里程段以及具有特殊及不良地质的隧道里程处。Furthermore, when monitoring the surrounding rock displacement and particle vibration velocity of the middle rock wall, as the excavation progresses, the thickness of the middle rock wall continues to change. When constructing tunnel blasting, according to the advancing position of the blasting tunnel face , correspondingly arrange points in adjacent tunnels, track the vibration changes of the intermediate rock wall as the distance changes, and compare the radial and tangential blasting velocity amplitudes of the buried particles. Since the radial direction is consistent with the propagation direction of the shock wave, the radial vibration speed is usually greater than the tangential vibration speed. When blasting a construction tunnel, the dynamic stress concentration factor of the blast-facing side of the adjacent tunnel increases due to the reflected stretching effect of the stress wave, and the amplitude is larger; while there is no obvious change on the blast-facing side of the adjacent tunnel, and the vibration speed is relatively small. Therefore, The layout of measuring points should focus on the peak vibration velocity on the explosion-facing side of the adjacent tunnel and the location where the peak vibration velocity occurs. The propagation characteristics of blasting seismic waves change with the change of propagation medium, especially when propagating in defective media, they have obvious variability and diversity. When the natural frequency of a small pitch structure or its substructure is close to the main vibration frequency or sub-main frequency, the vibration will be doubled due to resonance, which may cause local or partial cracking, damage or instability. Therefore, it is necessary to Consider the dual destructive effects of seismic wave frequency and vibration velocity. Monitoring sections should be selected for each monitoring project by comprehensively considering surrounding rock conditions, tunnel burial depth, construction risks, and adverse and special geological factors. The interval distance selected for monitoring sections should be consistent with the excavation footage. When the monitoring results are close to the safety warning value Or when it is judged by experts that there is a construction risk, consider adding monitoring points in the risk section; try to select the test section at representative mileage sections of each surrounding rock level and tunnel mileage with special and unfavorable geology.
进一步的，与传统的“点式”压力传感器相比光栅光纤力传感器不受电磁干扰，具有较高的精度和灵敏度，也具有一定的耐腐蚀性，能够实现多点分布式测试；基于现役隧道为多次扰动围岩的再次开挖，采用光栅光纤力传感器以获得更精准的监测数据。Furthermore, compared with traditional "point" pressure sensors, grating fiber force sensors are not subject to electromagnetic interference, have higher accuracy and sensitivity, and also have certain corrosion resistance, and can achieve multi-point distributed testing; based on active tunnels In order to re-excavate the surrounding rock after multiple disturbances, a grating optical fiber force sensor is used to obtain more accurate monitoring data.
S5.对监测结果进行分析，确定扩建工程的安全性和稳定性。S5. Analyze the monitoring results to determine the safety and stability of the expansion project.
步骤S5包括：统计振速监测仪的监测结果，优化扩建工程中的爆破参数；统计应变计、钢筋计和无线振弦采发仪的监测结果，分析影响爆破效果的因素以及因素对爆破效果的影响权重；统计多点位移计的监测结果，对扩建工程进行安全性评估；统计光栅光纤力传感器的监测结果，对扩建工程进行稳定性评估。Step S5 includes: counting the monitoring results of the vibration velocity monitor, optimizing the blasting parameters in the expansion project; counting the monitoring results of the strain gauge, steel bar gauge and wireless vibrating wire mining instrument, and analyzing the factors that affect the blasting effect and the impact of the factors on the blasting effect. Influence weight; count the monitoring results of the multi-point displacement meter to evaluate the safety of the expansion project; count the monitoring results of the grating fiber force sensor to evaluate the stability of the expansion project.
在本实施例中，统计振速监测仪监测结果，优化钻爆法施工中的爆破方式、炮眼密度、炮孔深度、装药密度、不耦合系数等参数，控制近邻隧道与中夹岩墙质点的振速峰值，减小爆破对近邻隧道的影响，不影响近邻隧道的正常交通。In this embodiment, the monitoring results of the vibration velocity monitor are collected, the blasting method, blasthole density, blasthole depth, charge density, non-coupling coefficient and other parameters in the drilling and blasting method are optimized, and the mass points of the adjacent tunnels and the intervening rock walls are controlled. The vibration speed peak value reduces the impact of blasting on adjacent tunnels and does not affect the normal traffic of adjacent tunnels.
进一步的，统计各监测项目及各监测点的监测结果，分析影响爆破效果的因素，分析各因素对爆破效果的影响权重，在施工过程中，通过实时监测近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形，对施工过程进行定性安全评价；当围岩预收敛增长迅速时，并采取加固措施；施工结束后根据测得的围岩变形结果，绘制时程曲线，通过分析时程曲线，总结超大断面小净距隧道钻爆法原位改扩建开挖的变形特征，形成技术储备。对隧道改扩建型式、施工工法、施工力学响应、支护参数设计与优化、施工过程安全控制等研究热点进行细致的分析,以期对今后改扩建隧道选型、支护结构优化设计等方面提供一定的借鉴和参考。Furthermore, the monitoring results of each monitoring project and each monitoring point are collected, the factors that affect the blasting effect are analyzed, and the weight of each factor's influence on the blasting effect is analyzed. During the construction process, the surrounding rocks of the adjacent tunnels and the intermediate rock walls are monitored in real time. Deformation, conduct a qualitative safety evaluation of the construction process; when the pre-convergence of the surrounding rock increases rapidly, reinforcement measures are taken; after the construction is completed, a time history curve is drawn based on the measured deformation results of the surrounding rock, and the super large section is summarized by analyzing the time history curve The deformation characteristics of the small clearance tunnel drill and blast method are in situ to reconstruct and expand the excavation, forming a technical reserve. Conduct a detailed analysis of research hotspots such as tunnel reconstruction and expansion types, construction methods, construction mechanical response, support parameter design and optimization, and construction process safety control, in order to provide certain information for future reconstruction and expansion tunnel selection, support structure optimization design, etc. reference.
在采集到应变计、钢筋计的频率结果后，根据传感器的计算公式依次换算出应变计的应变值以及钢筋计的轴力值；根据应力-应变关系，利用喷射混凝土和钢拱架的应变值分别计算其应力值；根据混凝土结构计算原理，利用钢筋轴力值换算二次衬砌的弯矩和轴力；对于初期支护，喷射混凝土和钢拱架的应力结果满足混凝土和钢材的极限应力要求，当喷射混凝土或钢拱架的应力结果趋近极限应力时，采取相应加固措施；对于二次衬砌，利用换算得到的二次衬砌弯矩、轴力结果以及设计配筋参数，计算二次衬砌安全系数，计算所得的安全系数满足规范要求，当安全系数小于或趋近最小安全系数要求时，采取相应加固措施。After collecting the frequency results of the strain gauge and steel bar gauge, the strain value of the strain gauge and the axial force value of the steel bar gauge are sequentially converted according to the calculation formula of the sensor; according to the stress-strain relationship, the strain values of the shotcrete and steel arch are used Calculate their stress values respectively; according to the calculation principle of concrete structures, use the axial force value of steel bars to convert the bending moment and axial force of the secondary lining; for initial support, the stress results of shotcrete and steel arch meet the ultimate stress requirements of concrete and steel , when the stress results of the shotcrete or steel arch approach the ultimate stress, corresponding reinforcement measures are taken; for the secondary lining, the secondary lining bending moment and axial force results obtained by conversion and the design reinforcement parameters are used to calculate the secondary lining Safety factor, the calculated safety factor meets the specification requirements. When the safety factor is less than or approaches the minimum safety factor requirement, corresponding reinforcement measures are taken.
在本实施例中，进一步的，还可以基于监测结果，建立超大断面隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程安全模糊综合评价模型，如图6所示。In this embodiment, further, based on the monitoring results, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for safety of the ultra-large cross-section tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion project can be established, as shown in Figure 6.
确定隧道钻爆法原位改扩建过程中隧道围岩稳定性的影响因素，根据各因素对围岩稳定性的影响规律，将隧道围岩稳定性评价分解为若干个评价层来考虑，选用自上而下的层次设计方法，结合实际工程状况，合理、有效地确定其下层各评价子项目，形成一个包含目标层、一级指标层和二级指标层的隧道钻爆法施工过程围岩稳定性评价指标体系。Determine the influencing factors on the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel during the in-situ reconstruction and expansion process of the tunnel drilling and blasting method. According to the influence of each factor on the stability of the surrounding rock, the stability evaluation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is decomposed into several evaluation layers for consideration. Select the automatic The top-down hierarchical design method, combined with the actual engineering conditions, reasonably and effectively determines the evaluation sub-items of the lower layers, forming a target layer, a first-level indicator layer and a second-level indicator layer to stabilize the surrounding rock during the tunnel drilling and blasting method construction process. evaluation index system.
具体的，确定隧道钻爆法原位改扩建过程中隧道围岩稳定性的影响因素，统计各影响因素实际测量值，然后根据指标评分公式得出其评分值(s)，再通过梯形分布隶属函数得出其隶属度(f)，进而得出其模糊关系矩阵(R)，接着将影响指标的权重(W)与模糊关系矩阵相乘，得出其综合评价矩阵(B)(称为模糊矩阵合成)，最后求出评价的定量解值。Specifically, the factors influencing the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel during the in-situ reconstruction and expansion process of the tunnel drilling and blasting method are determined, the actual measured values of each influencing factor are counted, and then the score value (s) is obtained according to the index scoring formula, and then the trapezoidal distribution is used The function obtains its membership degree (f), and then obtains its fuzzy relationship matrix (R), and then multiplies the weight of the influence indicator (W) with the fuzzy relationship matrix to obtain its comprehensive evaluation matrix (B) (called fuzzy Matrix synthesis), and finally obtain the quantitative solution value of the evaluation.
隶属度(f)公式：Membership degree (f) formula:
其中，A、B、C均为与施工地层条件相关的常数；sij为指标得分；Among them, A, B, and C are constants related to the construction stratum conditions; s ij is the index score;
隶属度合成模糊关系矩阵(R)：Membership degree synthesizes fuzzy relationship matrix (R):
指标权重计算：Indicator weight calculation:
其中，x0为围岩最稳定状态下的值(零值)，根据现场试验确定，xi为各传感器监测值，监测值约偏离零值则该监测项目占比权重越大；Among them, x 0 is the value (zero value) of the surrounding rock in the most stable state, determined based on field tests, and xi is the monitoring value of each sensor. If the monitoring value deviates from zero, the greater the weight of the monitoring item;
综合评价矩阵：Comprehensive evaluation matrix:
Bi＝Wi×Ri B i =W i ×R i
其中，Wi为权重矩阵。Among them, Wi is the weight matrix.
实施例二Embodiment 2
在本实施例中，如图7所示，一种隧道钻爆法原位改扩建工程的监测系统，包括：项目确定模块、模拟模块、测点确定模块、监测模块和分析模块。In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, a monitoring system for tunnel drilling and blasting in-situ reconstruction and expansion projects includes: a project determination module, a simulation module, a measuring point determination module, a monitoring module and an analysis module.
项目确定模块用于获取扩建工程中的监测项目。The project determination module is used to obtain monitoring projects in the expansion project.
监测项目包括：近邻隧道与中夹岩墙的围岩变形、近邻隧道和中夹岩墙的质点振速、支护喷射混凝土应变、扩建隧道的质点振速与质点应力、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力。Monitoring items include: surrounding rock deformation of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, particle vibration velocity of the adjacent tunnel and the intermediate rock wall, supporting shotcrete strain, particle vibration velocity and particle stress of the expanded tunnel, steel arch strain and secondary Axial force of secondary lining steel bars.
模拟模块用于对扩建工程的施工过程进行模拟，得到施工过程中质点的变形特征和力学特征。The simulation module is used to simulate the construction process of the expansion project and obtain the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the particles during the construction process.
模拟模块的工作流程包括：通过地层-结构法对围岩变形和质点振速进行计算模拟，得到力学特征；通过荷载-结构法对支护喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变和二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行计算模拟，得到变形特征。The workflow of the simulation module includes: calculating and simulating the surrounding rock deformation and particle vibration velocity through the stratum-structure method to obtain the mechanical characteristics; using the load-structure method to calculate the strain of the supporting shotcrete, the strain of the steel arch frame and the secondary lining steel bar axis. The force is calculated and simulated to obtain the deformation characteristics.
测点确定模块用于基于变形特征和力学特征，对监测项目进行测点布置。The measuring point determination module is used to arrange measuring points for monitoring projects based on deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics.
测点确定模块的工作流程包括：利用数值模拟的方法，对变形特征和力学特征进行分析，得到模拟结果；统计模拟结果中中夹岩墙的最大水平、竖向、环向应力以及对应发生的位置，并进行测点布置。The workflow of the measuring point determination module includes: using numerical simulation methods to analyze the deformation characteristics and mechanical characteristics to obtain simulation results; the statistical simulation results include the maximum horizontal, vertical, and circumferential stresses of the intercalated rock wall and the corresponding location and arrange the measuring points.
监测模块用于基于测点布置结果布设监测仪器进行监测，得到监测结果。The monitoring module is used to deploy monitoring instruments for monitoring based on the measurement point layout results and obtain monitoring results.
监测模块的工作流程包括：采用应变计对支护喷射混凝土应变进行监测；采用钢筋计对钢拱架应变进行监测；采用无线振弦采发仪对二次衬砌钢筋轴力进行监测；采用多点位移计对围岩变形进行监测采用振速监测仪对质点振速进行监测；采用光栅光纤力传感器进行扩建隧道的质点应力监测。The workflow of the monitoring module includes: using strain gauges to monitor the strain of the supporting shotcrete; using a steel bar gauge to monitor the strain of the steel arch; using a wireless vibrating wire mining instrument to monitor the axial force of the secondary lining steel bars; using multi-point The displacement meter is used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the vibration velocity monitor is used to monitor the particle vibration velocity; the grating optical fiber force sensor is used to monitor the particle stress of the expanded tunnel.
分析模块用于对监测结果进行分析，确定扩建工程的安全性。The analysis module is used to analyze the monitoring results and determine the safety of the expansion project.
分析模块的工作流程包括：统计振速监测仪的监测结果，优化扩建工程中的爆破参数；统计应变计、钢筋计和无线振弦采发仪的监测结果，分析影响爆破效果的因素以及因素对爆破效果的影响权重；统计多点位移计的监测结果，对扩建工程进行安全性评估；统计光栅光纤力传感器的监测结果，对扩建隧道围岩稳定性进行评估。The workflow of the analysis module includes: counting the monitoring results of the vibration velocity monitor, optimizing the blasting parameters in the expansion project; counting the monitoring results of the strain gauge, steel bar gauge and wireless vibrating wire mining instrument, and analyzing the factors that affect the blasting effect and the impact of these factors on the blasting effect. The influence weight of the blasting effect; the monitoring results of the multi-point displacement meter are collected to evaluate the safety of the expansion project; the monitoring results of the grating optical fiber force sensor are collected to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock of the expansion tunnel.
以上所述的实施例仅是对本申请优选方式进行的描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of preferred modes of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present application. All modifications and improvements shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of this application.
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