CN116878029A - Hydrogen fuel nozzle and working method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel nozzle and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116878029A CN116878029A CN202310825725.3A CN202310825725A CN116878029A CN 116878029 A CN116878029 A CN 116878029A CN 202310825725 A CN202310825725 A CN 202310825725A CN 116878029 A CN116878029 A CN 116878029A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 313
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a hydrogen fuel nozzle and a working method thereof. The hydrogen fuel nozzle includes: the inner wall of the fuel shell is enclosed to form a fuel cavity; a primary fuel cylinder; the air cylinder is coaxially arranged with the primary fuel cylinder; the secondary fuel structure is arranged between the primary fuel cylinder and the air cylinder and comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are arranged at intervals; a first air flow path is formed between the first cylinder and the primary fuel cylinder along the radial interval; a secondary fuel channel is formed between the first cylinder and the second cylinder along the radial interval; a second air flow path is formed between the outer side peripheral wall of the second cylinder body and the inner side peripheral wall of the air cylinder body along the radial interval; and the first-stage fuel cylinder body, the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are provided with air film holes. The hydrogen fuel nozzle provided by the invention can prevent the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen corrosion and tempering and improve the combustion stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a hydrogen fuel nozzle and a working method thereof.
Background
The heavy gas turbine for active power generation mostly takes natural gas as fuel, generates a large amount of carbon dioxide gas during combustion, remarkably increases carbon emission, and a plurality of thermal power plants at home and abroad gradually explore the natural gas hydrogen-doped combustion technology, and foreign gas engine suppliers also start to research and develop pure hydrogen gas turbines, hopefully can replace the traditional hydrocarbon fuel, and reduces carbon emission.
Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy source as clean high-efficiency energy, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, chemical industry, power production and the like at present. The combustion products of hydrogen combustion are water only, which can significantly reduce carbon emissions, but also present problems such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen corrosion and flashback. Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon that hydrogen in a material is polymerized into hydrogen molecules, so that stress concentration exceeds the strength limit of the material, and tiny cracks are formed in the material, so that the material is embrittled and even cracked; hydrogen corrosion refers to the phenomenon that hydrogen atoms react with unstable carbide to generate methane on the surface or inside of a material when the material is exposed to a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen environment, so that the mechanical strength is permanently damaged; flashback refers to the phenomenon in which a flame travels in a reverse direction along the combustion chamber, causing combustion to occur within the premixing section. All of the above phenomena will seriously affect combustion stability, significantly reduce the safety of heavy duty gas turbines, and thus, a new fuel nozzle suitable for gas turbines is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the combustion stability is seriously affected by the influence of hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen corrosion and tempering problems when the existing gas turbine burns pure hydrogen fuel in the prior art, so as to provide the hydrogen fuel nozzle capable of preventing the occurrence of the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen corrosion and tempering and improving the combustion stability and the working method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel nozzle, comprising:
the inner wall of the fuel shell is enclosed to form a fuel cavity;
the primary fuel cylinder is coaxially arranged with the fuel shell, a primary fuel channel is formed by surrounding the inner side peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder, and the primary fuel channel is communicated with the fuel cavity;
the air cylinder is coaxially arranged with the primary fuel cylinder; an annular cavity is formed between the air cylinder and the primary fuel cylinder along the radial interval;
the secondary fuel structure is arranged in the annular cavity and comprises a first cylinder body and a second cylinder body which are arranged at intervals along the radial direction;
a first air flow path is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the first cylinder and the outer peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder along the radial interval; a secondary fuel channel is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first cylinder and the inner peripheral wall of the second cylinder along the radial interval, and the secondary fuel channel is communicated with the fuel cavity; a second air flow path is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second cylinder and the inner peripheral wall of the air cylinder along the radial interval;
and the first-stage fuel cylinder body, the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are provided with air film holes.
Optionally, the inner diameter of the air film hole is d, and the value range of d is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.5mm.
Optionally, the axial distance between every two adjacent air film holes is P, and P is smaller than 10.d; the circumferential distance between every two adjacent air film holes is Q, and Q is smaller than 3.d.
Optionally, an arc plate is arranged at one end of the air cylinder body, which is far away from the fuel shell along the axial direction, and the radial section of the arc plate gradually contracts along the axial direction towards the direction far away from the fuel shell; the included angle between the arc plate and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
Optionally, a plurality of support plates are arranged between the air cylinder and the fuel shell, and the support plates are suitable for connecting the air cylinder with the fuel shell;
the support plates are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on a side wall surface of the fuel shell, which is close to the air cylinder body, and an air supply channel is formed between any two adjacent support plates at intervals along the circumferential direction.
Optionally, a swirl vane is disposed at one end of the secondary fuel channel axially far from the fuel housing; the swirl blades are provided with the air film holes.
Optionally, a secondary fuel connection pipe is arranged between the fuel shell and the secondary fuel structure, and the secondary fuel connection pipe is suitable for communicating the secondary fuel channel with the fuel cavity;
and the secondary fuel connecting pipe is provided with a gas film hole, and the gas film hole is suitable for guiding air into the secondary fuel connecting pipe from the outside of the secondary fuel connecting pipe.
Optionally, an end plate is disposed between the first cylinder and one end of the primary fuel cylinder, which is far away from the fuel shell along the axial direction, and the end plate is adapted to seal the first air flow path;
and the end plate is provided with a gas film hole, and the gas film hole is suitable for guiding air in the first air flow path to the other axial side of the end plate.
The working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle provided by the invention is applied to the hydrogen fuel nozzle, and the working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle comprises the following steps:
hydrogen is supplied into the fuel cavity by the fuel supply pipeline, and is respectively distributed to the primary fuel channel and the secondary fuel channel through the fuel cavity;
supplying air to the first air flow path and the second air flow path through the air supply channel, so that one part of the air respectively enters the primary fuel channel and the secondary fuel channel through the air film holes to be premixed with hydrogen, and the other part of the air directly flows to the tail end of the nozzle through the second air flow path;
the air continuously flows into the hydrogen flow path from the air film hole to form micro premixing with hydrogen, the premixed gas in the primary fuel channel is directly injected into the flame tube, the premixed gas in the secondary fuel channel generates stable rotational flow after passing through the rotational flow blades and flows into the flame tube, and the premixed gas is continuously and stably combusted after being quickly and uniformly mixed with the air directly flowing to the tail end of the nozzle and the premixed gas transferred from the primary fuel channel.
Optionally, the air entering the primary fuel channel and the secondary fuel channel from the air film holes accounts for less than 15% of the volume ratio of the mixed gas.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the hydrogen fuel nozzle provided by the invention, the multi-stage fuel channels are arranged, so that the hydrogen flow is shared, the hydrogen proportion in each fuel channel is reduced, and the occurrence rate of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion is reduced; the gas film holes are densely formed on the wall surface of the channel through which the hydrogen flows, so that on one hand, the gas film formed after the air is introduced can cover the wall surface of the channel, thereby isolating the hydrogen, preventing the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion and ensuring the combustion stability; on the other hand, partial air is introduced into the fuel channel through the air film hole, so that micro premixing can be formed in the hydrogen flow path, the mixing uniformity is improved, fuel combustion is facilitated, the introduced air quantity can not reach the concentration required by hydrogen ignition, and therefore, the tempering of the central flow can be prevented; in addition, the introduced air can form a continuous adherent air film on the wall surface, so that flame can be physically isolated, boundary layer tempering phenomenon is prevented when hydrogen is combusted, combustion stability is improved, and the gas turbine can safely and stably run.
2. According to the hydrogen fuel nozzle provided by the invention, the value range of the inner diameter d of the air film hole is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.5mm, so that the air film hole is ensured to jet sufficiently at high speed, so that an air film is formed on the wall surface of a channel through which hydrogen flows, the wall surface of the channel can be cooled, the direct contact between the hydrogen and the wall surface can be effectively avoided, and further the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion are effectively prevented; the axial distance between every two adjacent gas film holes is P, P is smaller than 10.d, the circumferential distance between every two adjacent gas film holes is Q, Q is smaller than 3.d, wherein d is the inner diameter of each gas film hole, so that the gas film formed when air passes out of the gas film hole can completely cover the wall surface, the end surface and the like through which hydrogen flows, further, hydrogen is effectively isolated, and hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion phenomena are prevented.
3. The hydrogen fuel nozzle provided by the invention is characterized in that one end of the air cylinder body, which is axially far away from the fuel shell, is provided with an arc-shaped plate, and the arc-shaped plate is suitable for changing the flow direction of air conveyed out of the second air flow path so that part of air is conveyed out of the nozzle outlet; the radial section of the arc plate gradually contracts along the axial direction away from the fuel shell; the included angle alpha between the arc plate and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is 30 degrees or more and is not more than 60 degrees or less, so that the mixing of air and fuel is facilitated, and the fluid flow is facilitated.
4. According to the working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle, the air can form a continuous air film after being transmitted from the air film hole, is attached to the surface of a material, isolates hydrogen, and prevents the hydrogen from directly contacting the material, so that the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion are prevented, the service life of the nozzle is prolonged, and meanwhile, the combustion stability is ensured; simultaneously, air continuously flows into the hydrogen flow path from the air film hole to form micro-premixing with hydrogen, and premixed gas in the primary fuel channel is directly injected into the flame tube, so that the average flow speed of the mixed gas can be improved; the premixed gas in the secondary fuel channel generates stable rotational flow after passing through the rotational flow blades, flows into the flame tube, is quickly and uniformly mixed with the air directly flowing to the tail end of the nozzle and the premixed gas sent out from the primary fuel channel, and then is continuously and stably combusted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a hydrogen fuel nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the hydrogen fuel nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of section A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a hydrogen fuel nozzle of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. a fuel housing; 100. a fuel chamber; 11. a flange portion; 110. bolt holes;
20. a primary fuel cylinder; 200. a primary fuel passage; 21. an end plate;
30. an air cylinder; 300. a gas film hole; 31. an arc-shaped plate;
40. a secondary fuel structure; 400. a secondary fuel passage; 41. a first cylinder; 410. a first air flow path; 42. a second cylinder; 420. a second air flow path; 43. a secondary fuel connection pipe;
50. a support plate; 500. an air supply passage;
60. swirl vanes;
70. a fuel supply pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the hydrogen fuel nozzle provided in this embodiment includes:
a fuel housing 10, the inner wall of which encloses a fuel chamber 100;
a primary fuel cylinder 20 coaxially arranged with the fuel housing 10, wherein a primary fuel channel 200 is formed by surrounding the inner peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder 20, and the primary fuel channel 200 is communicated with the fuel cavity 100;
an air cylinder 30 coaxially disposed with the primary fuel cylinder 20; an annular cavity is formed between the air cylinder 30 and the primary fuel cylinder 20 along the radial interval;
a secondary fuel structure 40 disposed within the annular cavity, the secondary fuel structure 40 comprising a first barrel 41 and a second barrel 42 disposed radially apart;
a first air flow path 410 is formed between the inner circumferential wall of the first cylinder 41 and the outer circumferential wall of the primary fuel cylinder 20 at a radial interval; a secondary fuel passage 400 is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the first cylinder 41 and the inner circumferential wall of the second cylinder 42 at a radial interval, and the secondary fuel passage 400 communicates with the fuel chamber 100; a second air flow path 420 is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the second cylinder 42 and the inner circumferential wall of the air cylinder 30 along the radial direction;
the primary fuel cylinder 20, the first cylinder 41 and the second cylinder 42 are provided with air film holes 300.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 3, the inner wall of the fuel housing 10 encloses a fuel cavity 100, and one axial side of the fuel cavity 100 is adapted to be communicated with the fuel supply pipe 70, and the other axial side is adapted to be communicated with the fuel channel; the fuel channels are arranged in a grading manner so as to share the total hydrogen fuel quantity and reduce the hydrogen proportion in each grade of fuel channels, thereby reducing the hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion probability; according to the invention, the fuel channels can be divided into 2-5 stages according to the design working condition of the hydrogen fuel nozzle, and the hydrogen amount in each fuel channel can be reduced by adding one stage, so that the hydrogen amount in a single fuel pipeline is reduced because the total hydrogen amount is unchanged, and the hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion probability can be reduced; for better explanation and understanding of the present invention, the primary fuel channel 200 and the secondary fuel channel 400 are used in the present embodiment, that is, the fuel channel stage number is 2 in the present embodiment, the operation principle of the fuel channels of the 3-stage, 4-stage and 5-stage is the same as that of the 2-stage, and the description is omitted in the present embodiment.
Optionally, the outer circumferential wall of the fuel housing 10 extends along a radial direction away from the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle to form a flange portion 11, the flange portion 11 is suitable for fixing the hydrogen fuel nozzle with the flame tube, a bolt hole 110 is formed in the flange portion 11 along an axial direction, and the flange portion 11 can be connected with the flame tube through the bolt hole 110 by bolts.
It should be noted that, still referring to fig. 3, the primary fuel cylinder 20 is coaxially disposed with the fuel housing 10, a central axis of the primary fuel cylinder 20 coincides with a central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle, an inner peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder 20 encloses to form a primary fuel channel 200, a hydrogen gas flow is adapted to circulate in the primary fuel channel 200, one axial end of the primary fuel channel 200 is communicated with the fuel cavity 100, and the other axial end is adapted to inject fuel into the flame tube at a high speed, so as to increase an average flow rate of mixed gas. The air cylinder 30 and the primary fuel cylinder 20 are coaxially arranged, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the air cylinder 30 and the outer peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder 20 along a radial interval. The secondary fuel structure 40 is disposed in the annular cavity, the secondary fuel structure 40 is an annular structure, an opening of the secondary fuel structure faces to an end far away from the fuel shell 10 along an axial direction, the secondary fuel structure 40 comprises a first cylinder 41 and a second cylinder 42 which are disposed at intervals along a radial direction, wherein a first air flow path 410 is formed between an inner peripheral wall of the first cylinder 41 and an outer peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder 20 along the radial direction at intervals, and the first air flow path 410 is suitable for circulating air flow; a secondary fuel channel 400 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first cylinder 41 and the inner peripheral wall of the second cylinder 42 along the radial interval, the secondary fuel channel 400 is suitable for circulating a hydrogen gas flow, and the secondary fuel channel 400 is communicated with the fuel cavity 100; a second air flow path 420 is formed between the outer circumferential wall of the second cylinder 42 and the inner circumferential wall of the air cylinder 30 along the radial direction, the second air flow path 420 is suitable for circulating air flow, and the second air flow path 420 is used for providing most of air required for fuel combustion.
It should be noted that, still referring to fig. 3, the first-stage fuel cylinder 20, the first cylinder 41 and the second cylinder 42 are provided with gas film holes 300, the gas film holes 300 are adapted to transfer air in an air flow path to a fuel channel, and the gas film holes 300 are densely distributed on the wall surfaces of the first-stage fuel cylinder 20, the first cylinder 41 and the second cylinder 42, so that a gas film formed when air is transferred from the gas film holes 300 can fully cover the wall surface of the channel to flow through the hydrogen, so as to isolate the hydrogen, prevent hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion, and ensure combustion stability; meanwhile, the gas film holes 300 are densely formed on the wall surface of the channel through which the hydrogen flows to introduce part of air, so that micro-premixing can be formed in the hydrogen flow path, the mixing uniformity is improved, and the fuel combustion is facilitated; secondly, the introduced air quantity does not reach the concentration required by hydrogen ignition, so that the tempering of the central flow can be prevented; in addition, a continuous adherent air film is formed on the wall surface, flame can be physically isolated, boundary layer tempering phenomenon is prevented when hydrogen is combusted, and combustion stability is improved, so that the gas turbine can safely and stably run.
In the embodiment, the multi-stage fuel channels are arranged, so that the hydrogen flow is shared, the hydrogen proportion in each fuel channel is reduced, and the occurrence probability of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion is reduced; the gas film holes 300 are densely formed on the wall surface of the channel through which the hydrogen flows, so that on one hand, the gas film formed after the air is introduced can cover the wall surface of the channel, thereby isolating the hydrogen, preventing the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion and ensuring the combustion stability; on the other hand, part of air is introduced into the fuel channel through the air film holes 300, so that micro premixing can be formed in the hydrogen flow path, the mixing uniformity is improved, fuel combustion is facilitated, the introduced air quantity does not reach the concentration required by hydrogen ignition, and therefore, the tempering of the central flow can be prevented; in addition, the introduced air can form a continuous adherent air film on the wall surface, so that flame can be physically isolated, boundary layer tempering phenomenon is prevented when hydrogen is combusted, combustion stability is improved, and the gas turbine can safely and stably run.
Specifically, the inner diameter of the air film hole 300 is d, and the value range of d is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.5mm.
It should be noted that, the inner diameter of the gas film hole 300 is d, and the inner diameter of the gas film hole 300 cannot be too small, otherwise, the flow area of the gas film hole 300 is too small, so that the air quantity of the gas film formed on the wall surface of the channel through which the hydrogen flows is relatively low, the gas film is unfavorable for blocking the hydrogen, and the risks of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion occur exist, therefore, the inner diameter d needs to satisfy d being more than or equal to 0.1mm; meanwhile, the inner diameter of the air film hole 300 cannot be too large, otherwise, the jet flow speed of the air film hole 300 is relatively low, the air flow speed is relatively low, and the air film is not beneficial to blocking hydrogen, so that the inner diameter d also needs to meet d less than or equal to 0.5mm; in summary, the value range of the inner diameter d of the gas film hole 300 is 0.1mm less than or equal to d less than or equal to 0.5mm, so that the gas film hole 300 is guaranteed to jet sufficiently at high speed to form a gas film on the wall surface of the channel through which hydrogen flows, not only can the wall surface of the channel be cooled, but also the direct contact between the hydrogen and the wall surface can be effectively avoided, and further the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion can be effectively prevented.
Specifically, the axial distance between every two adjacent air film holes 300 is P, and P satisfies P < 10·d; the circumferential distance between every two adjacent gas film holes 300 is Q, and Q is smaller than 3.d.
It should be noted that, the axial spacing and/or the circumferential spacing of the gas film holes 300 cannot be too large, otherwise, the gas film holes 300 are easily distributed and dispersed, and it may not be ensured that the gas film fully covers the wall surface and the end surface through which the hydrogen flows, so that the hydrogen directly contacts the wall surface in a local area, and there are risks of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion; according to the invention, the axial distance between every two adjacent air film holes 300 is P, P is smaller than 10 & d, the circumferential distance between every two adjacent air film holes 300 is Q, Q is smaller than 3 & d, wherein d is the inner diameter of each air film hole 300, so that the air film formed when air is discharged from the air film holes 300 can completely cover the wall surface, the end surface and the like through which hydrogen flows, further, hydrogen is effectively isolated, and hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion phenomena are prevented.
Specifically, an arc plate 31 is disposed at one end of the air cylinder 30 axially far from the fuel housing 10, and a radial section of the arc plate 31 gradually contracts axially far from the fuel housing 10; the included angle between the arc plate 31 and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 3, an end of the air cylinder 30 axially away from the fuel housing 10 is provided with an arc plate 31, and the arc plate 31 is adapted to change a flow direction of the air sent out from the second air flow path 420 so that the air is sent out from the nozzle outlet; the radial cross section of the arcuate plate 31 gradually narrows in the axial direction away from the fuel housing 10. The angle between the arc plate 31 and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is alpha, the angle alpha cannot be too small, otherwise, the angle which easily causes the change of the air propagation direction is too small, and the mixing with the fuel on the inner side is not facilitated, so that the angle alpha needs to meet that alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees; meanwhile, the included angle alpha cannot be too large, otherwise, the axial partial velocity of air is easily caused to be too small, and the flow of fluid is not facilitated, so that the included angle alpha is required to meet the condition that alpha is less than or equal to 60 degrees; the included angle alpha between the arc-shaped plate 31 and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less, so that the mixing of air and fuel is facilitated, and the fluid flow is facilitated.
Specifically, a plurality of support plates 50 are arranged between the air cylinder 30 and the fuel housing 10, and the support plates 50 are suitable for connecting the air cylinder 30 and the fuel housing 10;
the support plates 50 are uniformly arranged on a side wall surface of the fuel housing 10, which is close to the air cylinder 30, and an air supply channel 500 is formed between any two adjacent support plates 50 along the circumferential direction at intervals.
Alternatively, the number of the support plates 50 is four, the four support plates 50 are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on a side wall surface of the fuel housing 10 close to the air cylinder 30, and each two adjacent support plates 50 are circumferentially spaced to form an air supply channel 500, and the air supply channels 500 are adapted to supply air into the first air flow path 410 and the second air flow path 420.
Specifically, the secondary fuel passage 400 is provided with swirl vanes 60 at an end axially distant from the fuel housing 10; the swirl vanes 60 are provided with the gas film holes 300.
In this embodiment, a plurality of swirl blades 60 are disposed at one end of the secondary fuel channel 400, which is axially far from the fuel housing 10, and a plurality of swirl blades 60 are uniformly disposed in the secondary fuel channel 400 along the circumferential direction to form a swirler to swirl fluid, and each of the swirl blades 60 is provided with the air film hole 300.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3, except for the primary fuel passage 200, the swirl vanes 60 are provided at an end of the remaining fuel passages axially away from the fuel housing 10, and each of the remaining fuel passages communicates with the fuel chamber 100 through a plurality of fuel connection pipes (only one fuel connection pipe is exemplarily shown in fig. 3 to show the structure and connection relationship thereof). For example, in the present embodiment, a plurality of swirl vanes 60 (only one swirl vane is exemplarily shown in fig. 2 and 3 to show the structure and the specific arrangement position thereof) are provided at an end of the secondary fuel passage 400 axially far from the fuel housing 10, and the plurality of swirl vanes 60 are adapted to constitute a swirler to swirl the air flow, and the secondary fuel passage 400 communicates with the fuel chamber 100 through a secondary fuel connection pipe 43; the specific arrangement of the swirl vanes and the fuel connection pipes in the 3-stage, 4-stage and 5-stage fuel passage structures is the same as that of the secondary fuel passage 400, and will not be described again.
The swirl blades 60 are provided with a plurality of hollow inner parts, and the inner walls of the swirl blades 60 enclose a chamber (not shown in the figure), one radial end of the chamber is communicated with the first air flow path 410 through a first supply hole (not shown in the figure), and the other radial end of the chamber is communicated with the second air flow path 420 through a second supply hole (not shown in the figure); the gas film holes 300 are formed in the cyclone blade 60, the gas film holes 300 are communicated with the cavity, and the gas film holes 300 are densely distributed on the surface of the cyclone blade 60, so that a gas film formed when air is discharged from the gas film holes 300 can fully cover the wall surface of the cyclone blade 60 through which hydrogen flows, hydrogen is effectively isolated, and hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion phenomena are prevented.
Specifically, a secondary fuel connection pipe 43 is provided between the fuel housing 10 and the secondary fuel structure 40, the secondary fuel connection pipe 43 being adapted to communicate the secondary fuel passage 400 with the fuel chamber 100;
the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43 is provided with a gas film hole 300, and the gas film hole 300 is suitable for guiding air into the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43 from the outside of the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43.
In this embodiment, a plurality of secondary fuel connection pipes 43 are disposed between the fuel housing 10 and the secondary fuel structure 40, the plurality of secondary fuel connection pipes 43 are circumferentially and uniformly disposed on a side wall surface of the fuel housing 10, which is close to the air cylinder 30, and each secondary fuel connection pipe 43 is provided with a gas film hole 300.
It should be noted that, the gas film holes 300 are formed on the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43, and the gas film holes 300 are densely distributed on the surface of the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43, so that the gas film formed when air is discharged from the gas film holes 300 can completely cover the wall surface of the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43 through which hydrogen flows, so as to effectively isolate hydrogen and prevent hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion.
Specifically, an end plate 21 is disposed between the first cylinder 41 and an end of the primary fuel cylinder 20 axially distant from the fuel housing 10, the end plate 21 being adapted to close the first air flow path 410;
the end plate 21 is provided with a gas film hole 300, and the gas film hole 300 is adapted to guide the air in the first air flow path 410 to the other axial side of the end plate 21.
It should be noted that, the end plate 21 is provided with the air film holes 300, and the air film holes 300 are densely distributed on the surface of the end plate 21, so that the air film formed when air is discharged from the air film holes 300 can completely cover the end surface through which hydrogen flows, so as to effectively isolate the hydrogen and prevent the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion.
It should be noted that, the primary fuel cylinder 20 and the fuel housing 10, the secondary fuel connecting pipe 43 and the fuel housing 10, and the support plate 50 and the fuel housing 10 may be connected by a non-welding manner, such as a flange, a bolt, etc., so as to facilitate maintenance and replacement; if a welding mode is adopted, only when a certain part is lost and needs to be replaced, the part is cut off, and can be separated by adopting an angle grinder, a linear cutting mode and the like, so that the welding device is more complicated than flanges, bolts and the like. Therefore, since the fuel casing 10 and its upstream components are in a non-high temperature region in the gas turbine, when the fuel casing 10 or its upstream components are subjected to hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion, the non-welded connection is convenient to detach and replace.
Example two
The working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle provided in the embodiment is applied to the hydrogen fuel nozzle described above, and the working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle includes:
hydrogen gas is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 70 into the fuel chamber 100, and the hydrogen gas is distributed to the primary fuel passage 200 and the secondary fuel passage 400 through the fuel chamber 100, respectively;
air is supplied from the air supply passage 500 to the first air flow path 410 and the second air flow path 420 such that a part of the air is respectively introduced into the primary fuel passage 200 and the secondary fuel passage 400 via the film holes 300 to be premixed with hydrogen, and the other part of the air is directly flowed from the second air flow path 420 to the tip of the nozzle;
by making the air continuously flow into the hydrogen flow path from the film hole 300 to form micro-premixing with the hydrogen, the premixed gas in the primary fuel channel 200 is directly injected into the flame tube, the premixed gas in the secondary fuel channel 400 generates stable rotational flow after passing through the rotational flow blades 60, flows into the flame tube, and is continuously and stably combusted after being quickly and uniformly mixed with the air directly flowing to the tail end of the nozzle and the premixed gas transferred out of the primary fuel channel 200.
Specifically, the air entering the primary fuel passage 200 and the secondary fuel passage 400 from the film holes 300 occupies less than 15% by volume of the mixed gas.
It should be noted that, the volume ratio of the air entering the primary fuel channel 200 and the secondary fuel channel 400 from the air film hole 300 is less than 15%, so that the hydrogen ratio is prevented from being in the explosive concentration range, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the gas turbine.
The following describes the working method of the hydrogen fuel nozzle of the present invention in a unified manner:
in operation of the hydrogen fuel nozzle, as shown in fig. 3, hydrogen enters the fuel chamber 100 through the fuel supply pipe 70, and then enters the primary fuel passage 200 and the secondary fuel passage 400 through the fuel chamber 100, respectively. At the same time, air enters the first air flow path 410 and the second air flow path 420 from the air supply passage 500; the air entering the first air flow path 410 may be divided into five parts, the first part enters the air film hole 300 on the second fuel connecting pipe 43, the second part enters the air film hole 300 on the first fuel cylinder 20, the third part enters the air film hole 300 on the first cylinder 41, the fourth part is transmitted into the cavity of the swirl vane 60 by the supply hole on the first cylinder 41, and then is transmitted by the air film hole 300 on the swirl vane 60, and the fifth part enters the air film hole 300 on the end plate 21; the air entering the second air flow path 420 can be divided into three parts, wherein the first part enters the air film hole 300 of the second cylinder 42, the second part is transmitted into the cavity of the cyclone blade 60 through the supply hole on the second cylinder 42 and then is transmitted out through the air film hole 300 on the cyclone blade 60, the third part is used for providing most of the air required by hydrogen combustion, and the flowing direction of the third part of air is changed by the arc plate 31 when flowing to the arc plate 31, so that the third part of air is transmitted out through the nozzle outlet; after the air is discharged from the air film holes 300, a continuous air film can be formed and attached to the surface of the material to isolate the hydrogen and prevent the hydrogen from directly contacting the material, thereby preventing the phenomena of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion, prolonging the service life of the nozzle and ensuring the combustion stability; meanwhile, air continuously flows into a hydrogen flow path from the air film hole 300 to form micro premixing with hydrogen, and premixed gas in the primary fuel channel 200 is directly sprayed into the flame tube, so that the average flow speed of the mixed gas can be improved; the premixed gas in the secondary fuel passage 400 passes through the swirl vanes 60 to generate a stable swirl, and flows into the flame tube, and is rapidly and uniformly mixed with the air directly flowing to the end of the nozzle and the premixed gas transferred from the primary fuel passage 200 to be continuously and stably combusted.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen fuel nozzle, comprising:
a fuel housing (10) whose inner wall encloses a fuel chamber (100);
a primary fuel cylinder (20) coaxially arranged with the fuel housing (10), wherein a primary fuel channel (200) is formed by surrounding the inner peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder (20), and the primary fuel channel (200) is communicated with the fuel cavity (100);
an air cylinder (30) coaxially disposed with the primary fuel cylinder (20); an annular cavity is formed between the air cylinder (30) and the primary fuel cylinder (20) at radial intervals;
a secondary fuel structure (40) disposed within the annular cavity, the secondary fuel structure (40) comprising a first barrel (41) and a second barrel (42) disposed radially apart;
a first air flow path (410) is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the first cylinder (41) and the outer peripheral wall of the primary fuel cylinder (20) along the radial interval; a secondary fuel channel (400) is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first cylinder (41) and the inner peripheral wall of the second cylinder (42) along the radial interval, and the secondary fuel channel (400) is communicated with the fuel cavity (100); a second air flow path (420) is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second cylinder (42) and the inner peripheral wall of the air cylinder (30) along the radial interval;
and the first-stage fuel cylinder body (20), the first cylinder body (41) and the second cylinder body (42) are provided with air film holes (300).
2. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the film hole (300) is d, and d is in a value range of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
3. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to claim 2, wherein an axial distance between each adjacent two of the film holes (300) is P, P satisfying P < 10·d; the circumferential distance between every two adjacent air film holes (300) is Q, and Q is smaller than 3.d.
4. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that an end of the air cylinder (30) axially remote from the fuel housing (10) is provided with an arcuate plate (31), the radial cross section of the arcuate plate (31) gradually shrinking axially in a direction remote from the fuel housing (10); the included angle between the arc-shaped plate (31) and the central axis of the hydrogen fuel nozzle is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
5. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of support plates (50) are arranged between the air cylinder (30) and the fuel housing (10), the support plates (50) being adapted to connect the air cylinder (30) with the fuel housing (10);
the support plates (50) are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on a side wall surface, close to the air cylinder body (30), of the fuel shell (10), and an air supply channel (500) is formed between any two adjacent support plates (50) along the circumferential direction at intervals.
6. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the end of the secondary fuel passage (400) axially remote from the fuel housing (10) is provided with swirl vanes (60); the swirl blades (60) are provided with the air film holes (300).
7. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that a secondary fuel connection pipe (43) is arranged between the fuel housing (10) and a secondary fuel structure (40), the secondary fuel connection pipe (43) being adapted to connect the secondary fuel channel (400) with the fuel chamber (100);
the secondary fuel connecting pipe (43) is provided with a gas film hole (300), and the gas film hole (300) is suitable for guiding air into the secondary fuel connecting pipe (43) from the outside of the secondary fuel connecting pipe (43).
8. The hydrogen fuel nozzle according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that an end plate (21) is arranged between the first cylinder (41) and an end of the primary fuel cylinder (20) axially remote from the fuel housing (10), the end plate (21) being adapted to close the first air flow path (410);
the end plate (21) is provided with a gas film hole (300), and the gas film hole (300) is suitable for guiding air in the first air flow path (410) to the other axial side of the end plate (21).
9. A method of operating a hydrogen fuel nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method of operating a hydrogen fuel nozzle comprises:
hydrogen is supplied into the fuel cavity (100) by the fuel supply pipeline, and the hydrogen is respectively distributed to the primary fuel channel (200) and the secondary fuel channel (400) through the fuel cavity (100);
air is supplied to the first air flow path (410) and the second air flow path (420) through the air supply channel (500), so that part of the air enters the primary fuel channel (200) and the secondary fuel channel (400) through the air film holes (300) to be premixed with hydrogen respectively, and the other part of the air flows to the tail end of the nozzle through the second air flow path (420) directly;
through making air flow into the hydrogen flow path from air film hole (300), form little premix with hydrogen, the premixed gas in primary fuel passageway (200) directly sprays into the flame tube, and the premixed gas in secondary fuel passageway (400) produces stable whirl after swirl vane (60), and in flowing to the flame tube, mix evenly with the premixed gas of air and the outgoing in primary fuel passageway (200) that directly flows to the nozzle end fast, continuous, stable combustion.
10. The method of operating a hydrogen fuel nozzle according to claim 9, wherein the air entering the primary fuel passage (200) and the secondary fuel passage (400) from the film holes (300) occupies less than 15% by volume of the mixed gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310825725.3A CN116878029A (en) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | Hydrogen fuel nozzle and working method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310825725.3A CN116878029A (en) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | Hydrogen fuel nozzle and working method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116878029A true CN116878029A (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310825725.3A Pending CN116878029A (en) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | Hydrogen fuel nozzle and working method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116878029A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-07-06 CN CN202310825725.3A patent/CN116878029A/en active Pending
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