CN116871347A - Positive extrusion die with ultra-large height-diameter ratio and process - Google Patents
Positive extrusion die with ultra-large height-diameter ratio and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116871347A CN116871347A CN202310779232.0A CN202310779232A CN116871347A CN 116871347 A CN116871347 A CN 116871347A CN 202310779232 A CN202310779232 A CN 202310779232A CN 116871347 A CN116871347 A CN 116871347A
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- die
- extrusion
- female die
- barrel
- cavity
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
An ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio forward extrusion die and process, comprising: the male die, the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel, the extrusion female die and the elastic ejection mechanism are sequentially arranged, wherein: the male die sequentially penetrates through the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die and extrudes blanks arranged in the female die barrel and the small taper female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die are sequentially communicated from top to bottom to form an extrusion die cavity for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio, an elongated ejector rod opposite to the blanks is arranged in the elastic ejection mechanism, and a female die middle ring and a female die outer ring are sequentially arranged outside the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die. The invention can realize the forward extrusion of bars with super-large height-diameter ratio, reduce extrusion force, and provide convenience for multi-station automatic production while being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the die.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal forming and dies, in particular to a forward extrusion die with an aspect ratio exceeding 5 and a process thereof.
Background
The forward extrusion is a common metal forming process, when in extrusion, a metal bar is placed into an extrusion die, the die penetration angle is generally 90-120 degrees, and the height-diameter ratio of the conventionally extruded metal bar is smaller than 5. For a metal bar with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio, the friction resistance between the bar and a die cavity is large in the extrusion process, the extrusion piece is inconvenient to take out from the die after the extrusion is finished, and the ejector rod is easy to break in the ejection process of the extrusion piece. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel forward extrusion die and process that can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ultra-large height-diameter ratio forward extrusion die and the process, which can realize the forward extrusion of the bar with the ultra-large height-diameter ratio, reduce extrusion force, facilitate the extension of the service life of the die and provide convenience for multi-station automatic production.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an extrusion die for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio, which comprises: the male die, the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel, the extrusion female die and the elastic ejection mechanism are sequentially arranged, wherein: the male die sequentially penetrates through the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die and extrudes blanks arranged in the female die barrel and the small taper female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die are sequentially communicated from top to bottom to form an extrusion die cavity for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio, an elongated ejector rod opposite to the blanks is arranged in the elastic ejection mechanism, and a female die middle ring and a female die outer ring are sequentially arranged outside the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die.
The elastic ejection mechanism comprises: pressure piece, cushion, ejector pin fixed cover, intermediate lamella and roof that set gradually, wherein: the pressure block and the cushion block are internally provided with an elongated ejector rod, the ejector rod fixing sleeve is contacted with the middle plate through the built-in fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protecting sleeve, and the middle plate is contacted with the top plate through the built-in elastic element.
The extrusion die includes: a reducing zone die cavity and a sizing zone die cavity, wherein: the die cavity of the reducing area is a circular arc-shaped cavity, the top end section of the die cavity is the same as the lower end section of the small taper female die barrel, the die cavity of the sizing area is a cylindrical cavity, and the section diameter of the die cavity of the reducing area is smaller than that of the top end section of the die cavity of the reducing area.
The invention relates to a positive extrusion process with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio based on the die, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing a metal blank with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio to be extruded into a die cavity of a forward extrusion die;
step 2, applying pressure to the blank through a male die, reducing the diameter of the front end of the bar with the super-large height-diameter ratio through a circular arc cavity, uniformly extruding the bar after the bar passes through a sizing area die cavity to obtain the required diameter, and stopping extruding after the bar is in place in length;
step 3, the top plate moves upwards, an elastic element arranged on the top plate is pressed to push the middle plate upwards, and the fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protective sleeve push the slender ejector rod to push the workpiece upwards;
step 4, continuously ascending the top plate, pressing the elastic element to a fixed stroke, continuously ascending the top plate and the middle plate together, and pushing the fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protective sleeve together to push the slender ejector rod to eject the workpiece to the die opening;
step 5, clamping away the ejected workpiece;
and 6, backing the top plate to an initial position, and returning the elastic element to the initial length to drive the middle plate to back, so that the fan-shaped ejector rod and the slender ejector rod are retracted to the initial position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite die for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height to diameter ratio;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elastic ejection mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the numerical simulation results of the deformation process of the forward extrusion billet according to the present invention;
in the figure: a is the initial position of the blank, b is the extrusion sizing area of the blank, c is the extrusion sizing area of the blank, and after extruding out of the sizing area, the upper end of the blank does not have obvious upsetting deformation;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the numerical simulation result of the conventional forward extrusion billet deformation process;
in the figure: a is the initial position of a blank, b is upsetting deformation of the blank in a die before the blank is extruded into a sizing area, and c is the blank extruding sizing area;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of the comparison of the load of the present invention forward extrusion with that of the conventional forward extrusion;
in the figure: the die comprises a male die fixing sleeve 1, a male die 2, a female die barrel 3, a blank 4, a small taper female die barrel 5, an extrusion female die 6, a pressure block 7, a female die middle ring 8, a female die outer ring 9, an elongated ejector rod 10, a cushion block 11, a fan-shaped ejector rod 12, an ejector rod protecting sleeve 13, an ejector rod fixing sleeve 14, a middle plate 15, an elastic element 16 and a top plate 17.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an extrusion die for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio according to this embodiment includes: the punch 2, the die barrel 3, the small taper die barrel 5, the extrusion die 6 and the elastic ejection mechanism are sequentially arranged, wherein: the male die 2 sequentially penetrates through the female die barrel 3, the small taper female die barrel 5 and the extrusion female die 6 and extrudes blanks 4 arranged in the female die barrel 3 and the small taper female die barrel 5, the female die barrel 3, the small taper female die barrel 5 and the extrusion female die 6 sequentially penetrate through from top to bottom to form an extrusion die cavity for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio, an elongated ejector rod 10 opposite to the blanks 4 is arranged in the elastic ejection mechanism, and a female die middle ring 8 and a female die outer ring 9 are sequentially arranged outside the female die barrel 3, the small taper female die barrel 5 and the extrusion female die 6.
The top of the male die 2 is provided with a male die fixing sleeve 1.
The female die barrel 3 is a cylindrical cavity, and the cross sections of the female die barrel 3 are the same in size.
As shown in fig. 2, the small taper female die barrel 5 is internally provided with an inverted conical cavity, the cross section of the cavity is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the inclination of the die wall is 1-3 degrees.
As shown in fig. 2, the extrusion die 6 includes: a variable diameter zone die cavity 601 and a sizing zone die cavity 602, wherein: the cavity 601 in the reducing area is a circular arc cavity, the top end section of the cavity is the same as the lower end section of the small taper female die barrel 5, the cavity 602 in the sizing area is a cylindrical cavity, and the section diameter of the cavity is smaller than that of the top end section of the cavity 601 in the reducing area.
The circular arc cavity of the cavity 601 in the reducing area gradually reduces the change rate of the section diameter from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 3, the elastic ejection mechanism includes: the pressure piece 7, cushion 11, ejector pin fixed cover 14, intermediate plate 15 and roof 17 that set gradually, wherein: the pressure block 7 and the cushion block 11 are internally provided with an elongated ejector rod 10, an ejector rod fixing sleeve 14 is contacted with an intermediate plate 15 through a built-in fan-shaped ejector rod 12 and an ejector rod protecting sleeve 13, and the intermediate plate 15 is contacted with a top plate 17 through a built-in elastic element 16.
The front end of the slender ejector rod 10 is arranged in the extrusion die and is contacted with the blank 4, and the rear end of the slender ejector rod is connected with the cushion block 11.
The fan-shaped ejector rod 12 is connected with the middle plate 15, a T-shaped groove is arranged below the middle plate 15, the upper end of the elastic element 16 is arranged in the T-shaped groove, and the lower part of the elastic element 16 is connected with the top plate 17.
The embodiment relates to a positive extrusion process of a bar with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio based on the die, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, blanking, namely placing a blank made of an ultra-large height-diameter ratio 10B21 material with the length of 45.0mm and the diameter of 4.5mm into a die cavity of an extrusion die;
and secondly, extruding, namely applying pressure to the blank to be extruded through a male die, wherein the front end of the bar with the super-large height-diameter ratio is deformed through the circular arc-shaped cavity of the variable-diameter area die cavity 601, is uniformly extruded through the sizing area die cavity 602, and stops extruding after the length is in place. Wherein the deformation amount is 60%;
thirdly, controlling the top loosening at a first level, enabling the top plate to move upwards, compressing an elastic element arranged on the top plate by 5mm, pushing the middle plate, and pushing the slender top rod to loosen a workpiece upwards together with the fan-shaped top rod and the top rod protective sleeve;
step four, ejection is controlled in a second stage, the top plate continues to ascend, the elastic element is pressed to a fixed stroke, the top plate and the middle plate continue to ascend together, and the fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protective sleeve are pushed to push the slender ejector rod to eject the workpiece to the die opening together;
fifthly, taking out the workpiece, and clamping away the extruded and ejected workpiece by a mechanical arm;
fifthly, resetting, wherein the top plate is retracted to an initial position, the elastic element is retracted to an initial length to drive the middle plate to retract, and the fan-shaped ejector rod and the slender ejector pin are retracted to the initial position.
The lubrication in the ultra-large height-diameter ratio forward extrusion process adopts phosphorus saponification treatment.
The numerical simulation result of the deformation process of the blank subjected to the forward extrusion with the ultra-large height-diameter ratio is shown in fig. 4, and the upper end of the blank is not subjected to obvious upsetting deformation after being extruded out of a sizing area of a die;
in the conventional forward extrusion process, as shown in fig. 5, the billet is first upset and deformed in a die and then extruded out of the die sizing region.
Through specific practical experiments, an ultra-large height-diameter ratio positive extrusion die is installed on a machine tool, a bar with the length of 45.0mm and the diameter of 4.5mm after phosphorus saponification treatment is taken for extrusion, the operation speed of a male die is 10mm/s, and the bar with the diameter of 2.8mm is obtained after extrusion, and the deformation is 61.3%.
Compared with the traditional forward extrusion, the extrusion force can be reduced by about 18 percent by the device, the bar is not upset in the die cavity, and the bar can be ejected smoothly without damage after ejection loosening.
The foregoing embodiments may be partially modified in numerous ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and not by the foregoing embodiments, and all such implementations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An extrusion die for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio, which is characterized by comprising: the male die, the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel, the extrusion female die and the elastic ejection mechanism are sequentially arranged, wherein: the male die sequentially penetrates through the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die and extrudes blanks arranged in the female die barrel and the small taper female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die are sequentially communicated from top to bottom to form an extrusion die cavity for forward extrusion with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio, an elongated ejector rod opposite to the blanks is arranged in the elastic ejection mechanism, and a female die middle ring and a female die outer ring are sequentially arranged outside the female die barrel, the small taper female die barrel and the extrusion female die;
the elastic ejection mechanism comprises: pressure piece, cushion, ejector pin fixed cover, intermediate lamella and roof that set gradually, wherein: the pressure block and the cushion block are internally provided with an elongated ejector rod, the ejector rod fixing sleeve is contacted with the middle plate through the built-in fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protecting sleeve, and the middle plate is contacted with the top plate through the built-in elastic element.
2. The extrusion die for forward extrusion of ultra-large aspect ratio as set forth in claim 1, wherein said extrusion die comprises: a reducing zone die cavity and a sizing zone die cavity, wherein: the die cavity of the reducing area is a circular arc-shaped cavity, the top end section of the die cavity is the same as the lower end section of the small taper female die barrel, the die cavity of the sizing area is a cylindrical cavity, and the section diameter of the die cavity of the reducing area is smaller than that of the top end section of the die cavity of the reducing area.
3. The extrusion die for forward extrusion with ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inverted conical cavity is arranged in the small taper female die barrel, the cross section of the cavity is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the inclination of the die wall is 1-3 degrees.
4. The extrusion die for forward extrusion with ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circular arc cavity of the die cavity of the reducing area gradually reduces in the rate of change of the cross-sectional diameter from top to bottom.
5. The extrusion die for forward extrusion with ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the slender ejector rod is arranged in the extrusion die and contacted with the blank, and the rear end of the slender ejector rod is connected with the cushion block.
6. The extrusion die for forward extrusion of ultra-large height-to-diameter ratio as set forth in claim 1, wherein said fan-shaped ejector rod is connected to a middle plate, a T-shaped groove is provided below the middle plate, an upper end of the elastic element is disposed in the T-shaped groove, and a lower end of the elastic element is connected to the top plate.
7. A process for forward extrusion of bar stock of ultra-high aspect ratio based on a die as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
firstly, blanking, namely placing a blank made of an ultra-large height-diameter ratio 10B21 material with the length of 45.0mm and the diameter of 4.5mm into a die cavity of an extrusion die;
secondly, extruding, namely applying pressure to a blank to be extruded through a male die, wherein the front end of a bar with an ultra-large height-diameter ratio is deformed through a circular arc cavity of a die cavity of a reducing area, then is uniformly extruded through the die cavity of a sizing area, and stops extruding after the length is in place, wherein the deformation is 60%;
thirdly, controlling the top loosening at a first level, enabling the top plate to move upwards, compressing an elastic element arranged on the top plate by 5mm, pushing the middle plate, and pushing the slender top rod to loosen a workpiece upwards together with the fan-shaped top rod and the top rod protective sleeve;
step four, ejection is controlled in a second stage, the top plate continues to ascend, the elastic element is pressed to a fixed stroke, the top plate and the middle plate continue to ascend together, and the fan-shaped ejector rod and the ejector rod protective sleeve are pushed to push the slender ejector rod to eject the workpiece to the die opening together;
fifthly, taking out the workpiece, and clamping away the extruded and ejected workpiece by a mechanical arm;
fifthly, resetting, wherein the top plate is retracted to an initial position, the elastic element is retracted to an initial length to drive the middle plate to retract, and the fan-shaped ejector rod and the slender ejector pin are retracted to the initial position.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the lubrication in the process is a phosphorus saponification process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310779232.0A CN116871347A (en) | 2023-06-29 | 2023-06-29 | Positive extrusion die with ultra-large height-diameter ratio and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310779232.0A CN116871347A (en) | 2023-06-29 | 2023-06-29 | Positive extrusion die with ultra-large height-diameter ratio and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116871347A true CN116871347A (en) | 2023-10-13 |
Family
ID=88263523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310779232.0A Pending CN116871347A (en) | 2023-06-29 | 2023-06-29 | Positive extrusion die with ultra-large height-diameter ratio and process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116871347A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-06-29 CN CN202310779232.0A patent/CN116871347A/en active Pending
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