CN116865790A - RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and identification equipment - Google Patents
RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and identification equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency identification, in particular to an RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and identification equipment. The method comprises the following steps: the RFID reader receives the number N of the wireless network channels to generate a table; extracting one channel label information in each channel group, respectively calculating a score X, selecting the channel group with the largest score X as a disk for use, and performing channel frequency hopping in the channel group; recalculating a score X for each channel after inventory; if the step score X is larger than the threshold value, the current channel inventory duration is counted, and after inventory is finished, frequency hopping is carried out on other channels of the current channel group; otherwise, the current channel is stored for a long time, and after the channel is stored, the channel is frequency-hopped to other channel groups. By implementing the method, the RFID reader-writer improves the working efficiency, the stay time of the channel which works normally is longer, and the stay time of the channel which is severely interfered is shorter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency identification, in particular to an RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and identification equipment.
Background
The transmission frequency of the RFID reader is usually strictly limited to a certain range, and various objects reflect the wireless signal, so that the reception of the RFID reader is affected. The current industry generally uses the following methods: techniques for adjusting the direction of antennas or multiple antennas; the other is a frequency hopping technology, so that the working frequency hops among different channels to improve the anti-interference capability of the RFID reader-writer.
During the working process of the RFID reader, the following interference factors generally affect the tag reading effect: 1. the difference between the channels cannot tell if the channel is available; 2. the reading of the card outside the normal response frequency range of the tag can not be avoided, the unstable speed of the RFID reader-writer for reading the tag is easy to cause, and the performance of reading the tag is poor; 3. the frequency response range after the label is output is changed, and the individual difference of the labels is larger; the phenomenon of working frequency band drift occurs when the label is stuck to the commodity package; 4. in an environment where a plurality of RFID readers or tags coexist, interference may be caused between the RFID readers or between the tags. 5. In addition, when the direct path signal and the reflected path signal are exactly 180 ° out of phase, the effective direct path signal is attenuated, creating a "dead zone" phenomenon that causes the communication to be forced to break.
In the existing frequency hopping technology, the most common pseudo-random frequency hopping method avoids interference, and although the method has a certain effect in solving the interference of other RFID readers, the pseudo-random frequency hopping method still has the capability of distinguishing the current situation of a channel aiming at the interference of other equipment, so that the RFID readers still can repeatedly enter the channels with serious interference, and longer residence time is spent on the channels with serious interference, thereby deteriorating the tag reading performance of the RFID readers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems that in the prior art, the channel condition cannot be distinguished and more time is spent on a channel with serious interference, and provides an RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and identification equipment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
scheme one.
An RFID blind zone frequency hopping method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the total number N of channels operated by a signal receiving end, numbering the channels according to the number N of the channels in sequence, uniformly dividing the channels into M set channel groups and generating a table; the channel numbers in the channel group are continuous;
s2: in the previous M-wheel inventory, the signal receiving end extracts any channel in each channel group to inventory respectively;
s3: acquiring tag information in inventory, respectively calculating M channel quality scores X, selecting a channel group in which a channel with the maximum score Xmax is positioned as a channel group used in M+1 inventory rounds, and performing random channel frequency hopping in the channel group;
s4: recalculating a score X for each inventory of channels;
s5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the preset threshold, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to other channels of the current channel group, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing the round of inventory, hopping to channels of other channel groups after the round of inventory, and returning to the step (S4).
Further, the duration T 1 Less than the time period T 2 One tenth of a conventional one.
Further, calculating channel quality scores X for all channels in the channel group in the step S3, sorting according to the scores X, and selecting channels with a certain proportion of scores X in the channel group to carry out random frequency hopping.
Further, sorting is performed according to the size of the score X in the step S3, wherein the sorting represents channel group priority sorting.
Further, when the calculated score X of the frequency hopping channel is greater than the preset threshold in step S5, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to other channels of the current channel group, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing the round of inventory, after the round of inventory, hopping to the channel of the channel group with non-adjacent priority, and returning to the step (S4).
Further, the channel intervals extracted in the step S2 are equal.
An RFID reading device configured to perform the method described above.
Scheme II.
The other RFID blind zone frequency hopping method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: setting the total number N of channels operated by a signal receiving end, numbering the channels according to the number N of the channels in sequence, setting the channels into a certain regular ordering and generating a table;
s2: the signal receiving end randomly extracts channels with non-adjacent numbers to respectively inventory;
s3: acquiring tag information from inventory, respectively calculating channel quality scores X, and selecting channels with larger scores as inventory of the next round;
the tag information comprises a tag signal strength value RSSI, the reading quantity of the tag and the reading rate of the tag per second, and the channel quality score X is calculated according to the following formula:
x=a tag signal strength value rssi+b number of reads of tags+c rate of reads per second of tags
Wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the reading rate of the tag per second;
s4: recalculating a score X for each channel after inventory;
s5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the preset threshold, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to a channel connected with the current channel number, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing inventory of the current wheel, after the inventory of the current wheel is stored, hopping to other channels which are not connected with the current channel number, and returning to the step (S4).
An RFID reading device configured to perform the method described above.
Further, the certain rule of ordering is ordered in sequence, spaced or cross-head ordering.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification equipment, as the influence condition of the blind zone is judged by the inventory condition of the tag, the RSSI of the tag signal strength value is high, and the influence of the blind zone on a channel with high tag reading speed is small, the channel quality score X formula is set: x=a×tag signal strength value rssi+b×number of tags read+c×rate of tags read per second; the influence of the dead zone is continuous channels, so that channels in the channel group or channels with long extraction numbers are extracted to calculate the score X, and then the score X is preliminarily compared, so that the channels with small influence of the dead zone can be quickly selected for inventory. In addition, in the subsequent real-time inventory process, the degree of influence of the dead zone on the current channel can be judged by setting a threshold value, and the frequency hopping can be adjusted in real time according to the condition of the score X.
2. When the score X is larger than the threshold value, namely the current channel is a non-blind channel, the adjacent channels are also less influenced by the blind zone, and the time remained in the inventory of the current channel is prolonged to be T 2 And frequency hopping prefers adjacent channels; when the score X is smaller than the threshold value, namely the current channel is a dead zone channel, the influence of the dead zone on the adjacent channels is also large, and the time remained in the inventory of the current channel is shortened to be T 1 Frequency hopping to a channel far from the current channel number is required; duration T 1 Much smaller than the duration T 2 Preferably a set time period T 1 Less than the time period T 2 One tenth of a conventional one. The signal receiving end improves the working efficiency, the stay time of the channel which works normally is longer, and the stay time of the channel which is seriously interfered is shorter.
3. According to the RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification device, the channels in the channel group are optimized through the score X, and when in frequency hopping, channels with good received signals can be rapidly selected for inventory, so that the working efficiency of a signal receiving end can be improved.
4. According to the RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification device, the priorities of the channel groups are ordered through the score X, and when the score X is smaller than the threshold value, channels in the channel groups with small influence of the blind zone can be rapidly selected for frequency hopping, and the duration of the channels with serious interference can be shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a frequency hopping method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another frequency hopping method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the invention after optimizing the frequency hopping method;
table 1 is a channel list in embodiment 1;
table 2 is a channel list in embodiment 2;
table 3 is a channel list in embodiment 3;
table 4 shows the effect of the blind zone.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments.
The invention will be derived first in the manner:
λ=c/f, where λ is the wavelength of the signal, c is the speed of light, and f is the frequency.
Δd=n×λ+m, where Δd is the difference in distance between the direct path and the reflected path between the transmitting-side and receiving-side antennas, and n and m are unknowns.
To sum up, Δd=n×c/f+m, when n is a radix multiple of 1/2, and m=0, Δd is a radix multiple of half wavelength, and the phases of the transmit and receive waveforms are just 180 ° different, so that a "dead zone" phenomenon occurs.
From the above formula we can find that Δd, n, m are environmental parameters that change in real time, c is the constant of the speed of light, and then the only parameter we can change is the frequency f. Therefore, in order to quickly solve the problem of dead zones of UHF RFID, the international protocol is added with a frequency hopping function, so that the dead zones are relieved, and the problem of air interface collision is solved. The frequency hopping is that the frequency used for transmission and reception varies. Such as the north american frequency band 902-928 MHz, every 500kHz channel, a total of 25 channels, in which the transmission and reception are constantly changing, and the protocols of each country have a defined time constant t, i.e. the frequency must be hopped within time t.
Then, assuming that half of the channels have frequencies f that cause dead zones, half of the channels have better reflection cancellation due to the change in f, the transceiving can be performed as usual, and if the channels are randomly hopped, half of the probability communication is interrupted and the communication becomes intermittent. Therefore, the invention point of the patent is to select the frequency hopping by using a blind area algorithm, quickly change the frequency hopping list at the place of the blind area, ensure that the largest possible selection of the blind area affects the weak channel, and ensure the continuity and stability of communication.
In the embodiment of the RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the RFID reading equipment, the signal receiving end is an RFID reader-writer and the RFID reading equipment (the RFID reader-writer and the RFID reading equipment have a certain overlapping range, and the RFID reader-writer and the RFID reading equipment can finish the method in the embodiment of the invention), the RFID reader-writer generates a corresponding table according to a frequency area or a frequency list selected by a user, and establishes connection and communicates with electronic tags existing in the action range of the RFID reader-writer according to a set frequency hopping mode among a plurality of channels. In the RFID field, the meaning of reading is the same as that of inventory and checking.
Because the influence of the dead zone is continuous channels, the signal strength value RSSI of the tag is high, the channel group with high tag reading rate is a part less influenced by the dead zone, and the RFID reader-writer preferentially selects the channel group less influenced by the dead zone for inventory. Whether continuous channels or discrete channels. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, frequency comparison is performed on 2 or more non-adjacent channels, so that channels with small influence of dead zones can be quickly selected, and then the condition of each channel affected by the dead zone is judged in a real-time inventory process by setting a threshold value, and a subsequent frequency hopping list is adjusted in real time according to the condition of each channel.
Example 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification device include the following steps:
s1: the RFID identifying and reading equipment sets the total number N of channels for working and communicates with the tag in a frequency hopping mode. The total amount N varies according to the working environment, and may be set in advance or obtained through actual operation. In this embodiment, the number N is 8, consecutive channels are numbered sequentially, each 4 channels are divided into 2 channel groups, 1 to 4 channels are one channel group, 5 to 8 are the second channel group, and the generated table is shown in table 1.
S2: in the first 2 rounds of inventory, the RFID reader device extracts one channel in each channel group, with substantially equal channel spacing. This embodiment attempts to inventory with channel 5 for channel 1 and channel 2, respectively, of channel group 1. But may also preferentially attempt channel 1 of channel group 1 and channel 8 of channel group 2 or other methods that determine that the channel group is affected by the shadow zone.
S3: the method comprises the steps of respectively calculating scores X through label information of a channel 1 and a channel 5 received by RFID reading equipment, selecting a channel group where a channel with the maximum score X is located as a 3 rd round of inventory for use, and carrying out random channel frequency hopping in the channel group; and sorting the priority of the channel group according to the size of the score X.
The label information comprises a label signal intensity value RSSI, the reading quantity of the labels and the reading rate of the labels per second, and the score X is calculated according to the following formula:
x=a tag signal strength value rssi+b number of reads of tags+c rate of reads per second of tags
Wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the tag read rate per second, which is what the duty cycle or share means. The corresponding steps are as follows:
X1＝30％*(-40)+20％*(160)+50％*(100tags/s)
X5＝30％*(-40)+20％*(80)+50％*(20tags/s)
if X5< X1, and the score X of channel 1 is greater than the score X of channel 5, then the blind spot effect experienced by channel 1 is greater. The priority of the channel group 1 is higher than that of the channel group 2, and the RFID identification device preferentially selects channels in the channel group 1 to carry out frequency hopping; meanwhile, the scores X may be calculated for all the 4 channels in the preferred channel group 1, and a certain proportion of channels may be selected for frequency hopping from the channels with a higher priority than the channels with a lower score according to the channel score X.
S4: the score X is recalculated for each inventoried channel.
S5: if the score in step S4When X is greater than the threshold 30, the current channel inventory duration T is used according to the channel priority ranking 2 Performing local channel inventory, after the inventory of the local channel inventory is finished, frequency hopping to other channels in the current channel group, otherwise, sorting according to the priority of the channel group, and using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing the round of inventory, and after the round of inventory, hopping to channels of other channel groups, and returning to the step (S4).
The duration T 1 Much smaller than said duration T 2 Here T is used 1 Less than T 2 Is expressed in tenths of a turn.
Table 1: example 1 channel List
In frequency hopping communications, the time that the RFID reader operates on a channel is limited, and the duration may be initial or may have been adjusted, but must be the current channel dwell time. The time period is usually set and unchanged: when judging that the channel is a blind zone, inventory duration T 2 The length is relatively short; when judging that the channel is a non-blind area, inventory duration T 1 Longer.
Example 2.
The RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification equipment comprise the following steps:
s1: the RFID reader sets the total number of channels N for operation, which in this embodiment is 8, and sequentially numbers the channels to generate a table as shown in table two. And in turn corresponds to the channel pointer Index. The order of Index is not changed to be always 1-8. In the execution process of the RFID reader, only the channel sequence is changed, and the sequence of Index is unchanged.
S2: in the first 2 rounds of inventory, the RFID reader hops between channel 1, which is numbered furthest index=1, and channel 8, which is numbered index=8.
S3: calculating scores X for the label information of the channel 1 and the channel 8 respectively, and if the score X of the channel 1 is larger than the score X of the channel 8, selecting the channel 1 as a channel used in the 3 rd round of inventory; the tag information comprises a tag signal strength value RSSI, the reading quantity of the tags and the reading rate of the tags per second; the score X formula is as follows:
x=a tag signal strength value rssi+b number of reads of tags+c rate of reads per second of tags
Wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the tag read rate per second.
S4: when inventory is made using channel 1, the score X is recalculated again for channel 1.
S5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the threshold, hopping to channel 2 ordered away from index+1 of the channel, using channel 1 for a inventory duration of T 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Otherwise, frequency hopping to channel 5 of adjacent index+2, using channel 1 for a disk duration T 1 。
S6: returning to step S4, channel 1 is changed to a frequency hopped channel, inventory is performed using the frequency hopped channel, and score X is recalculated.
The duration T 1 Less than the time period T 2 One tenth of a conventional one.
Table 2: example 2 channel List
| Index | Channel(s) |
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 6 |
| 5 | 3 |
| 6 | 7 |
| 7 | 4 |
| 8 | 8 |
Example 3.
Based on the modification of the table rule in embodiment 2, the channels are ordered end to end in order, so that different algorithm effects from those of embodiment 2 can be obtained, and the arrangement can maximize the interval between the two initial channels, so that the sequence with small influence of the blind area can be found out more quickly.
The RFID blind zone frequency hopping method and the identification equipment comprise the following steps:
s1: the RFID reader sets the total number N of channels to be operated, in this embodiment, the number N is 8, the channels are numbered sequentially, the channel sequences are arranged in a tail-end cross serpentine manner according to the rule of the table, and the three tables are reproduced and correspond to the channel pointers Index sequentially. The order of Index is not changed to be always 1-8. In the execution process of the RFID reader, only the channel sequence is changed, and the sequence of Index is unchanged.
S2: in the initial inventory, the RFID reader hops between channel 1, which is numbered furthest index=1, and channel 8, which is numbered index=8.
S3: calculating scores X for the label information of the channel 1 and the channel 8 respectively, and if the score X of the channel 1 is larger than the score X of the channel 8, selecting the channel 1 as a channel for inventory use; the tag information comprises a tag signal strength value RSSI, the reading quantity of the tags and the reading rate of the tags per second; the score X formula is as follows:
x=a tag signal strength value rssi+b number of reads of tags+c rate of reads per second of tags
Wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the tag read rate per second.
S4: when inventory is made using channel 1, the score X is recalculated again for channel 1.
S5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the threshold, hopping to channel 2 ordered away from index+1 of the channel, using channel 1 for a inventory duration of T 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Otherwise frequency hopping to channel 8 of adjacent index+2, using channel 1 for a disk duration T 1 。
S6: returning to step S4, channel 1 is changed to a frequency hopped channel, inventory is performed using the frequency hopped channel, and score X is recalculated.
The duration T 1 Less than the time period T 2 One tenth of a conventional one.
Table 3: example 3 channel List
The frequency hopping method can continuously relieve the influence of the dead zone on the basis of frequency hopping, and supposedly half of channels have the dead zone, the traditional frequency hopping can only relieve the dead zone with 50% probability, and the frequency hopping algorithm of the invention can achieve better effect.
Assuming that there are 16 channels in total, the method of the invention can greatly reduce the effect of the influence of the dead zone on the communication according to the difference of the number of the dead zone occupied channels. The optimized effects are shown in Table IV:
table 4: effect affected by blind area
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention is merely for better understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The RFID dead zone frequency hopping method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: setting the total number N of channels operated by a signal receiving end, numbering the channels according to the number N of the channels in sequence, uniformly dividing the channels into M set channel groups and generating a table; the channel numbers in the channel group are continuous;
s2: in the previous M-wheel inventory, the signal receiving end extracts any channel in each channel group to inventory respectively;
s3: acquiring tag information in inventory, respectively calculating M channel quality scores X, selecting a channel group in which a channel with the maximum score Xmax is positioned as a channel group used in M+1 inventory rounds, and performing random channel frequency hopping in the channel group;
the tag information comprises a tag signal strength value RSSI, the reading quantity of the tag and the reading rate of the tag per second, and the channel quality score X is calculated according to the following formula:
x=a×tag signal strength value rssi+b×number of reads of tags+c×rate of reads per second of tags, wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the reading rate of the tag per second;
s4: recalculating a score X for each channel after inventory;
s5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the preset threshold, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to other channels of the current channel group, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing the round of inventory, hopping to channels of other channel groups after the round of inventory, and returning to the step (S4).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time period T is 1 Less than the time period T 2 One tenth of a conventional one.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the channel quality scores X are calculated for all channels in the channel group in the step S3, and the channels in the channel group with a certain proportion of scores X are selected for random frequency hopping according to the order of the scores X.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ranking is based on the magnitude of the score X in step S3, the ranking representing a channel group priority ranking.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein when the calculated score X of the frequency hopping channel is greater than a preset threshold in step S5, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to other channels of the current channel group, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing the round of inventory, after the round of inventory, hopping to the channel of the channel group with non-adjacent priority, and returning to the step (S4).
6. The RFID dead zone frequency hopping method of claim 1, wherein the channel intervals extracted in step S2 are equal.
7. An RFID reading device configured to perform the method of any of claims 1-6.
8. The RFID dead zone frequency hopping method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: setting the total number N of channels operated by a signal receiving end, numbering the channels according to the number N of the channels in sequence, setting the channels into a certain regular ordering and generating a table;
s2: the signal receiving end randomly extracts channels with non-adjacent numbers to respectively inventory;
s3: acquiring tag information from inventory, respectively calculating channel quality scores X, and selecting channels with larger scores as inventory of the next round;
the tag information comprises a tag signal strength value RSSI, the reading quantity of the tag and the reading rate of the tag per second, and the channel quality score X is calculated according to the following formula:
x=a×tag signal strength value rssi+b×number of reads of tags+c×rate of reads per second of tags, wherein: a is the weight of RSSI of the label signal intensity value; b is the weight of the reading quantity of the labels; c is the weight of the reading rate of the tag per second;
s4: recalculating a score X for each channel after inventory;
s5: if the score X in step S4 is greater than the preset threshold, the current channel inventory duration T is used 2 Performing inventory of the wheel, after the inventory of the wheel is finished, frequency hopping to a channel connected with the current channel number, and returning to the step S4; otherwise, using the current channel inventory duration T 1 And (4) performing inventory of the current wheel, after the inventory of the current wheel is stored, hopping to other channels which are not connected with the current channel number, and returning to the step (S4).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the regular ordering is sequential ordering, interval ordering or end-to-end cross ordering.
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