CN116865737B - Direct-current solid-state circuit breaker circuit topology based on full-control device and control method - Google Patents
Direct-current solid-state circuit breaker circuit topology based on full-control device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The application belongs to the field of electronic circuits, in particular relates to a direct current solid state breaker circuit topology based on a full-control device and a control method, and aims to solve the problems of high topology cost and volume and low voltage utilization rate of the existing voltage-driven direct current solid state breaker in multiport configuration. The application comprises the following steps: the direct current system, the auxiliary switch and the shared energy absorption branch circuit; the first end of the direct current system is connected with the second end of the auxiliary switch, the first end of the auxiliary switch is connected with the second end of the shared energy absorption branch, and the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the direct current system through a node H which is grounded. The direct current system comprises i direct current subsystems which are connected in parallel; each direct current subsystem comprises a main current branch, a diode and a port; the application reduces the number of power electronic devices and the number of lightning arresters when the circuit topology of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker is configured at multiple ports, and reduces the cost and the volume.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to a direct-current solid-state circuit breaker circuit topology based on a full-control device and a control method.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of power technology, the access of a large-scale distributed power supply to a power grid is a great trend in the future power grid development. The direct-current micro-grid and the direct-current distribution system become research hotspots of current domestic and foreign scholars due to the flexibility of power supply, and are suitable for a large-scale distributed power grid-connected scene. In the direct current system, the direct current circuit breaker is widely applied to various direct current system projects due to the characteristics of high response speed and good fault isolation selectivity. The direct current micro-grid with lower rated voltage and the power distribution system have higher requirements on the response speed, the intellectualization and the integration of the direct current circuit breaker, so the direct current solid state circuit breaker based on the modern high-power electronic device is the optimal choice for protecting the direct current micro-grid and the power distribution system, and the extremely short on-off time and the ultrahigh switching frequency of the power electronic device create conditions for the integration of various functions of the direct current circuit breaker.
Power electronics currently used in dc solid state circuit breakers can be divided into two types, current-driven and voltage-driven; the current driving type device has the advantages of small conduction loss and current impact resistance, but the driving power of the device is higher, and a driver with complex design is required; the current-driven device mainly comprises thyristors, the two thyristors of the IGCT are in uncontrollable turn-off, so that a turn-off circuit is required to be specially designed, the cost and the size of the solid-state circuit breaker are further increased, and the IGCT can be actively turned off, but the volume and the specification of the IGCT are used in a medium-high voltage direct current scene. The voltage-driven power electronic device has small driving power, only the grid voltage is required to be controlled when the device is turned off, and a complex driving circuit or a special turn-off circuit is not required to be designed, so that the device is a main research direction of the low-voltage direct-current solid-state circuit breaker.
The development of a DC breaker topology structure which can use fewer electronic devices and can efficiently utilize the voltage utilization rate of power electronic devices is of great significance to DC micro-grids and power distribution systems. Some researchers have recently proposed using IGBTs or MOSFETs to form dc solid state circuit breakers through segmented electronic MOVs; still others remove the MOV from the power line through a bypass branch, the leakage current is completely eliminated, and the fault handling speed is increased, increasing the voltage utilization of the fully controlled device. However, these solutions require the use of a large number of fully controlled power electronics, lightning arresters, etc., which greatly increases the cost and bulk of the dc solid state circuit breaker.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely that when the multi-port configuration is carried out, a large number of devices such as full-control power electronic devices and lightning arresters are needed to be used in the existing voltage-driven direct-current solid-state circuit breaker topology, the cost and the volume of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker are greatly improved, the voltage utilization rate of the power electronic devices is not high, and the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker circuit topology based on the full-control devices is provided. The direct current solid state breaker circuit topology based on the fully controlled device comprises: the direct current system, the auxiliary switch and the shared energy absorption branch circuit;
the first end of the direct current system is connected with the second end of the auxiliary switch, the first end of the auxiliary switch is connected with the second end of the shared energy absorption branch, the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the direct current system through a node H, and the node H is grounded; the shared energy absorption branch circuit comprises a buffer capacitor C1 and a lightning arrester MOV.
In some preferred embodiments, the dc system includes n dc subsystems connected in parallel, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the first end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the direct current system, and the second end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the second end of the direct current system; each direct current subsystem comprises a main current branch, a diode and a port;
the first end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the ith main through-flow branch, the second end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the anode of the ith diode, the second end of the ith main through-flow branch is connected with the cathode of the ith diode through an ith node Gi, and the ith node Gi is connected to the ith port. i is the serial number of any direct current subsystem, and the value range of i is any integer from 1 to n.
In some preferred embodiments, the ith main current branch is composed of unidirectional fully-controlled power electronics.
In some preferred embodiments, the shared energy absorption branch consists of an arrester MOV, a buffer capacitor C1 and a discharge resistor R1 in parallel;
the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the first end of the lightning arrester MOV, the first end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the first end of the discharge resistor R1, and the second end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the lightning arrester MOV, the second end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the second end of the discharge resistor R1.
In some preferred embodiments, the auxiliary switch is constituted by unidirectional half-controlled power electronics or unidirectional full-controlled power electronics.
The application also provides a control method of the direct current solid state breaker circuit topology based on the full-control device, and the control method of the direct current solid state breaker circuit topology based on the full-control device works based on the direct current solid state breaker circuit topology;
when an external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker works normally, the auxiliary switch is in an off state, and the voltage on the buffer capacitor C1 is 0;
when the external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker has a short circuit fault, the detection device on the main current branch circuit detects that the current of the main current branch circuit is larger than a threshold value, the auxiliary switch is firstly conducted, the conduction signal of the unidirectional full-control power electronic device on the j-th main current branch circuit is removed after the auxiliary switch is conducted, the current charges the buffer capacitor C1, after the voltage at two ends of the buffer capacitor C1 reaches the clamping voltage of the lightning arrester MOV, the lightning arrester MOV is triggered, and the triggered lightning arrester MOV consumes the voltage and current in the system, so that the current of the external circuit connected with the j-th port is always under a safe threshold value. j represents the serial number of the DC subsystem corresponding to the external DC circuit with short-circuit fault.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The application reduces the number of the full-control power electronic devices and the number of the lightning arresters when the circuit topology of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker is configured at multiple ports by sharing the energy absorption branch circuits, and reduces the cost and the volume of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker at multiple ports.
(2) When the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker based on the fully controlled device is switched off, the auxiliary switch disconnects the lightning arrester MOV from the power line, so that the voltage utilization rate of the main current branch power electronic device is improved, the influence of leakage current on the lightning arrester MOV is thoroughly eliminated, and the safety problem of the MOV is solved.
(3) According to the application, due to the existence of the shared energy-absorbing grounding branch, after the main through-flow branch of the fault port is turned off, fault current is quickly transferred to the shared energy-absorbing branch, so that the time for processing short-circuit faults by the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on fully controlled devices of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a specific structure of a DC solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on fully controlled devices in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a 3-port embodiment of a full-control device based DC solid state circuit breaker circuit topology in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the application in the event of a failure of an external DC circuit to which the full-control device based DC solid state circuit breaker circuit topology is connected;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology operation of a fully controlled device-based DC solid state circuit breaker after a shared energy absorption branch is connected to the system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the shared energy absorption branch during fault handling;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another specific structure of a circuit topology of a dc solid state circuit breaker based on fully controlled devices according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present application are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In order to more clearly describe the circuit topology of the dc solid-state circuit breaker based on the fully-controlled device according to the present application, each structure of the circuit topology of the dc solid-state circuit breaker based on the fully-controlled device according to the first embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
A dc solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on fully controlled devices, comprising: the direct current system, the auxiliary switch and the shared energy absorption branch circuit; the shared energy absorption branch circuit comprises a buffer capacitor C1 and a lightning arrester MOV.
Specifically, the first end of the direct current system is connected with the first end of the auxiliary switch, the second end of the auxiliary switch is connected with the first end of the shared energy absorption branch, and the second end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the direct current system.
In the embodiment, due to the existence of the shared energy-absorbing grounding branch, after the main through-flow branch of the fault port is turned off, fault current is quickly transferred to the shared energy-absorbing branch, so that the time for processing short-circuit faults by the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker is greatly reduced.
The first end of the direct current system is connected with the second end of the auxiliary switch, the first end of the auxiliary switch is connected with the second end of the shared energy absorption branch, and the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the direct current system through a node H which is grounded.
Referring to fig. 2, a circuit topology of a dc solid state circuit breaker based on a fully controlled device is specifically described, and as shown in the figure, the dc system includes n dc subsystems connected in parallel, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; that is, there are at least two dc subsystems in a dc solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on fully controlled devices.
The first end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the direct current system, and the second end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the second end of the direct current system; each direct current subsystem comprises a main current branch, a diode and a port;
the first end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the ith main through current branch, the second end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the anode of the ith diode, the second end of the ith main through current branch is connected with the cathode of the ith diode through an ith node Gi, the ith node Gi is connected to an ith port, i is the serial number of any direct current subsystem, and the value range of i is any integer from 1 to n.
The main through-flow branch on each direct-current subsystem consists of a unidirectional full-control power electronic device, and each main through-flow branch is connected with a system detection device. The detection devices on the main current branches of the direct current system are used for detecting the current of the main current branch and feeding the current back to the control system.
Specifically, the shared energy absorption branch is formed by connecting an arrester MOV, a buffer capacitor C1 and a discharge resistor R1 in parallel. The first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the first end of the lightning arrester MOV, the first end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the first end of the discharge resistor R1, and the second end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the lightning arrester MOV, the second end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the second end of the discharge resistor R1.
The application reduces the number of the full-control power electronic devices and the number of the lightning arresters when the circuit topology of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker is configured at multiple ports by sharing the energy absorption branch circuits, and reduces the cost and the volume of the direct-current solid-state circuit breaker at multiple ports.
Based on the direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on the fully controlled device, the second embodiment of the application also provides a control method of the direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on the fully controlled device, which comprises the following steps:
when an external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker works normally, the auxiliary switch is in an off state, and the voltage on the buffer capacitor C1 is 0;
when the external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker has a short circuit fault, the detection device on the main current branch detects that the current of the main current branch is larger than a threshold value, the auxiliary switch is conducted first, the conduction signal of the unidirectional full-control power electronic device on the j-th main current branch is removed after the auxiliary switch is conducted, the current charges the buffer capacitor C1, after the voltage at two ends of the buffer capacitor C1 reaches the clamping voltage of the lightning arrester MOV, the lightning arrester MOV is triggered, and the triggered lightning arrester MOV consumes the voltage and current in the system, so that the current of the external circuit connected with the j-th port is always under a safe threshold value. The threshold is set manually according to practical situations, and the threshold can be set to be a value which is obviously larger than the normal current on the main current branch. Preferably, the on signal of the unidirectional fully-controlled power electronic device on the main current branch 3 is removed within tens of seconds after the on. j represents the serial number of the DC subsystem corresponding to the external DC circuit with short-circuit fault.
FIG. 3 is a 3-port embodiment of a DC solid state breaker circuit topology based on fully-controlled devices in an embodiment of the application, and in combination with FIG. 3, the topology normal operation state of the DC solid state breaker of the fully-controlled devices in the application is described, port 1, port 2 and port 3 are externally connected with DC circuits, the 1 st through-flow branch, the 2 nd main through-flow branch and the 3 rd main through-flow branch flow load current when the DC system is normal, the auxiliary switch is kept to be turned off, and the auxiliary switch is resistant to DC bus voltage, and the buffer capacitor C 1 The voltage on is 0.
The state of the fully controlled device of the present application when a dc circuit external to the topology of the dc solid state circuit breaker fails will be further described with reference to fig. 4-6. As shown in fig. 4, when the dc circuit connected to the port 3 fails, the current flowing into the failed port is collected by the other ports, and the failure current rises rapidly. And each main through-flow branch is connected with a detection device for detecting the current in the device, and when the detection device on the 3 rd main through-flow branch detects that the 3 rd main through-flow branch has a direct-current short-circuit fault, the direct-current short-circuit fault is fed back to the control system for giving a conduction signal to the auxiliary switch. Because the voltage is stable, the direct current circuits externally connected with the port 1 and the port 2 work normally.
As shown in fig. 5, after the auxiliary switch is turned on, the common energy-absorbing branch is connected to the system, the control system turns off the conduction signal of the unidirectional full-control power electronic device of the main current branch 3, then the fault current is forcedly commutated to the common energy-absorbing branch, the fault current charges the buffer capacitor C1 until reaching the clamping voltage of the lightning arrester MOV, and the lightning arrester MOV is triggered to consume the voltage and current in the system;
as shown in fig. 6, in the fault processing, the charge charged in the buffer capacitor C1 during the fault processing stage is discharged through the discharge resistor R1 until the voltage of the buffer capacitor C1 drops to 0V, and after the short-circuit current processing is completed, the auxiliary switch is turned off. In particular, the auxiliary switch may be constituted by unidirectional half-controlled power electronics or unidirectional full-controlled power electronics. If the auxiliary switch is a unidirectional fully controlled power electronic device, the auxiliary switch is also connected to the system detection device.
If the auxiliary switch is a semi-controlled power electronic device, when the current of the auxiliary switch is less than the maintenance current after the lightning arrester MOV is triggered and consumes the voltage and current in the system, the auxiliary switch is naturally turned off because of the semi-controlled power electronic device;
if the auxiliary switch is a fully controlled power electronic device, when the current in the multi-port direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit is less than the holding current of the auxiliary switch after the lightning arrester MOV is triggered and consumes the voltage and current in the system, the system detection device detects the current information and feeds the current information back to the control system, and the control system turns off the auxiliary switch.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a specific structure of the circuit topology of the dc solid-state circuit breaker proposed in the present application is provided, wherein the main current branch uses MOSFET tubes, and the auxiliary switch uses thyristors, and such structure is merely a preferred embodiment and is not limited to such structure.
When the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker based on the fully controlled device is switched off, the auxiliary switch disconnects the lightning arrester MOV from the power line, so that the voltage utilization rate of the main current branch power electronic device is improved, the influence of leakage current on the lightning arrester MOV is thoroughly eliminated, and the safety problem of the MOV is solved.
Although the steps are described in the above-described sequential order in the above-described embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in order to achieve the effects of the present embodiments, the steps need not be performed in such order, and may be performed simultaneously (in parallel) or in reverse order, and such simple variations are within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, the circuit topology of the dc solid-state circuit breaker based on the fully-controlled device provided in the foregoing embodiment is only illustrated by the division of the foregoing functional modules, in practical application, the foregoing functional allocation may be completed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the modules or steps in the foregoing embodiment of the present application are further decomposed or combined, for example, the modules in the foregoing embodiment may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps related to the embodiments of the present application are merely for distinguishing the respective modules or steps, and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present application.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the storage device and the processing device described above and the related description may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules, method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the program(s) corresponding to the software modules, method steps, may be embodied in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as electronic hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality using different approaches for each particular application, but such implementation is not intended to be limiting.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present application has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A dc solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on fully controlled devices, the dc solid state circuit breaker topology comprising: the direct current system, the auxiliary switch and the shared energy absorption branch circuit;
the first end of the direct current system is connected with the second end of the auxiliary switch, the first end of the auxiliary switch is connected with the second end of the shared energy absorption branch, the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the direct current system through a node H, and the node H is grounded;
the shared energy absorption branch comprises a buffer capacitor C1 and a lightning arrester MOV;
the direct current system comprises n direct current subsystems which are connected in parallel, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
the first end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the direct current system, and the second end of each direct current subsystem is connected with the second end of the direct current system; each direct current subsystem comprises a main current branch, a diode and a port;
the first end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the first end of the ith main through current branch, the second end of the ith direct current subsystem is connected with the anode of the ith diode, the second end of the ith main through current branch is connected with the cathode of the ith diode through an ith node Gi, the ith node Gi is connected to an ith port, i is the serial number of any direct current subsystem, and the value range of i is any integer from 1 to n;
the ith main through-flow branch consists of unidirectional full-control power electronic devices;
the shared energy absorption branch is formed by connecting a lightning arrester MOV, a buffer capacitor C1 and a discharge resistor R1 in parallel;
the first end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the first end of the lightning arrester MOV, the first end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the first end of the discharge resistor R1, and the second end of the shared energy absorption branch is connected with the second end of the lightning arrester MOV, the second end of the buffer capacitor C1 and the second end of the discharge resistor R1.
2. The full-control device-based direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary switch is constituted by unidirectional half-control type power electronics or unidirectional full-control type power electronics.
3. A control method of a direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on a fully controlled device, characterized in that the direct current solid state circuit breaker circuit topology based on a fully controlled device according to any one of claims 1 to 2;
when an external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker works normally, the auxiliary switch is in an off state, and the voltage on the buffer capacitor C1 is 0;
when the external direct current circuit connected with the circuit topology of the direct current solid state breaker has a short circuit fault, the detection device on the main current branch circuit detects that the current of the j main current branch circuit is larger than a threshold value, the auxiliary switch is conducted first, the conduction signal of the unidirectional full-control power electronic device on the j main current branch circuit is removed after the auxiliary switch is conducted, the current charges the buffer capacitor C1, after the voltage at two ends of the buffer capacitor C1 reaches the clamping voltage of the lightning arrester MOV, the lightning arrester MOV is triggered, the triggered lightning arrester MOV consumes the voltage and current in the system, the current of the external circuit connected with the j port is always under the safety threshold value, and j represents the serial number of the direct current subsystem corresponding to the external direct current circuit with the short circuit fault.
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