CN116859457A - Space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method - Google Patents

Space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116859457A
CN116859457A CN202310797081.1A CN202310797081A CN116859457A CN 116859457 A CN116859457 A CN 116859457A CN 202310797081 A CN202310797081 A CN 202310797081A CN 116859457 A CN116859457 A CN 116859457A
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frequency
time
space
wave number
synchronous extrusion
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陈辉
兰萍
陈旭平
周新雨
张骥
张璞
胡英
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/32—Transforming one recording into another or one representation into another
    • G01V1/325—Transforming one representation into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
    • G01V2210/21—Frequency-domain filtering, e.g. band pass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method, which comprises the following steps: s1, inputting original seismic data S (t, x) to be analyzed, wherein x is the number of channels, and t is time; s2, obtaining short-time Fourier transform V of the signal by using Gaussian window function g (t, x) 2 (t, x, ω, k), ω being frequency, k being wavenumber; s3, calculating the instantaneous frequency of the signal according to S2And instantaneous wave numberAn estimator; s4, defining an extrusion operator TDSTO according to the S3; s5, constructing a time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion transformation characterization method TDSST (t, omega, x, k) according to an extrusion principle; s6, fixing the wave number by maximizing the TDSST energy to obtainA time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data volume TDSST (t, x, ω, k (t, x, ω)) to TDSST; s7, in S6, the frequency is f 0 And (3) obtaining a single-frequency section to represent the morphological structure characteristics of the complex stacked compact river sandstone reservoir. The invention can provide a reservoir morphology space-time characterization method considering the transverse characteristics of the complex overlapped compact river sandstone.

Description

Space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrocarbon geophysical signal processing method, and provides a space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method.
Background
The complex overlapped compact river reservoir has very important position in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploration, is the most important oil and gas reservoir of new generation land-phase basin, and has important research significance. The river is mostly influenced by sedimentation, diagenetic and construction, so that the reservoir is thin in the longitudinal direction, frequent in transverse migration and quite hidden in geological features, and the difficulty of oil and gas exploration and development of the river is increased. Therefore, we need to perform high-precision characterization on the complex overlapped compact river reservoirs, and finely delineate the morphology and boundaries of the reservoirs, so as to be helpful for oil and gas exploration and development of the reservoirs.
The seismic signal from a complex stacked tight river reservoir is a non-stationary signal whose frequency and amplitude change rapidly, and a time-frequency analysis method has been widely used in the field of seismic signal processing and interpretation as a powerful tool for studying non-stationary signals. Common time-frequency analysis methods comprise short-time Fourier transform, S transform, a series of post-processing algorithms and the like, but the short-time Fourier transform, the S transform and the series of post-processing algorithms are focused on single-channel processing of the seismic data, spatial constraint is lacked, and transverse heterogeneity or transverse discontinuity of the geologic body is not considered, so that transverse spatial spread of reservoir characterization is ignored, and the characterization of transverse change of the seismic data is poor, and the morphology structure of a river channel cannot be finely characterized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method. In this approach we introduce a spatial window to balance the spatial variation of the seismic data, deriving strictly instantaneous frequency and instantaneous wave number estimates in the short-time fourier-time spectrum of the signal. And a new extrusion operator with longitudinal and transverse relation is defined, which aims to compress all time-frequency coefficients onto a real frequency and wave number track under the condition of ensuring transverse continuity so as to provide time-frequency representation with high energy concentration and simultaneously allow signal reconstruction. Finally, the synchronous extrusion transformation of the space-time-frequency wave number domain which can effectively reflect the longitudinal and transverse changes is constructed according to the extrusion idea, and the wave number parameters are determined by maximizing the energy of the synchronous extrusion transformation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting seismic data S (t, x), wherein t is time and x is the number of channels;
s2, introducing a two-dimensional Gaussian window function, and calculating a short-time Fourier transform result V of the signal 2 (t, ω, x, k), ω being frequency, k being wavenumber;
s3, calculating the instantaneous frequency of the signal on the short-time Fourier time frequency domainAnd instantaneous wave numberIs an estimated equation of (2);
s4, defining a synchronous extrusion operator TDSTO according to the S3;
s5, obtaining a time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion transformation TDSST according to an extrusion principle;
s6, maximizing the TDSST energy to fix the wave number parameter, so that a time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data body TDSST (t, x, omega, k (t, x, omega)) of the TDSST is obtained;
s7, the frequency of the operation is f 0 Is extracted to obtain a single-frequency section TDSST (t, x, f) 0 K (t, x, ω)) to characterize the morphological characteristics of the tight river reservoir.
Preferably, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized in that the short-time calculation in the step S2Fourier transform V 2 (t, ω, x, k) is:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the imaginary unit of complex number, ω and k represent the frequency factor and the wave number factor (ω+.0, k+.0) in two directions at the position (τ, y), τ and y are the movements of the window center position during the movement, respectively, controlling the movements of the window center in the t and x directions; g (t, x) is a two-dimensional gaussian window function, which may be in the form of:
wherein delta t ，δ x The standard deviation of the gaussian window function in the t-direction and the x-direction are shown, respectively.
Preferably, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized in that in the step S3, the instantaneous frequency is as followsAnd instantaneous wave number->The estimated formula of (2) is:
wherein g' t Indicating the window function to bias the time, g' x The representation window function deflects the number of tracks.
Preferably, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized in that the synchronous extrusion operator defined in the step S4 is as follows:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
Preferably, the method for characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir by synchronous extrusion in a space-time-frequency wave number domain is characterized in that the synchronous extrusion in the space-time-frequency wave number domain constructed in the step S5 is converted into:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
Preferably, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized in that the specific expression of wave number fixation in the step S6 is as follows:
thereby obtaining a time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data volume TDSST (t, x, ω, k (t, x, ω)) of TDSST (t, ω, x, k).
Preferably, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized in that the inverse transformation is performed on the formula (6) by adopting the following formula, and the signals s (t, x) are reconstructed:
thereby reconstructing the signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the longitudinal and transverse changes of the seismic data are balanced through a space window, and the estimation of the instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous wave number of the signal is carried out on the short-time Fourier time frequency domain of the signal, so that a new synchronous extrusion operator is defined, and a space-time frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion transformation characterization method is constructed. The method can better capture the spatial spreading characteristics of the reservoir in the seismic data, and has stronger robustness to noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tight sandstone field in the West of Sichuan of China, obtained by inputting data;
FIG. 3 is a single frequency profile of 20Hz extracted from a tight sandstone field after treatment using a simultaneous extrusion transformation;
FIG. 4 is a single frequency profile of 20Hz extracted from tight sandstone fields after treatment using a synchronous extrusion transformation in the space-time-frequency wavenumber domain.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, the space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion stacked tight river reservoir characterization method comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting original seismic data S (t, x) to be analyzed, wherein x is the number of channels, and t is time;
s2, selecting a two-dimensional Gaussian window function g (t, x) to directly process the seismic section to obtain short-time Fourier transform V of the signal 2 (t, ω, x, k) is:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the imaginary unit of complex number, ω and k represent the frequency factor and the wave number factor (ω+.0, k+.0) in two directions at the position (τ, y), τ and y are the movements of the window center position during the movement, respectively, controlling the movements of the window center in the t and x directions; g (t, x) is a two-dimensional gaussian window function, which may be in the form of:
wherein delta t ，δ x The standard deviation of the gaussian window function in the t-direction and the x-direction are shown, respectively.
S3, calculating instantaneous frequency by performing partial derivative on time t and channel number x on a short-time Fourier time frequency domainAnd instantaneous wave number->Estimation amount:
wherein g' t Indicating the window function to bias the time, g' x The representation window function deflects the number of tracks.
S4, defining a synchronous extrusion operator TDSTO by using the calculation result in S3:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
S5, constructing a time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion transformation characterization method TDSST (t, omega, x, k) according to an extrusion principle:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
S6, fixing the wave number by maximizing TDSST (t, omega, x, k) energy, wherein the wave number is expressed as follows:
thereby obtaining a time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data volume TDSST (t, x, ω, k (t, x, ω)) of TDSST (t, ω, x, k).
S7, performing frequency f in the three-dimensional data volume 0 And (3) obtaining a single-frequency section to display morphological and structural characteristics of the complex stacked compact river sandstone reservoir.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2 to 4, it can be seen that in fig. 3, the data is processed by way of a trace-by-trace processing due to the synchronous extrusion transformation, resulting in weak characterization of the lateral variation of the entire seismic data, severe smearing in the longitudinal direction, and poor frequency resolution. In fig. 4, the seismic data processed by the method of the invention has similar time-frequency spectrograms, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method, and has a significantly clearer transverse consistency characterization result, and the time-frequency resolution and the energy focusing are significantly improved, thereby being beneficial to the understanding of the morphological characteristics of the river channel.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, wherein the implementation steps of the method can be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, inputting original seismic data S (t, x) to be analyzed, wherein x is the number of channels, and t is time;
s2, selecting a two-dimensional Gaussian window function g (t, x) to directly process the seismic section to obtain short-time Fourier transform V of the signal 2 (t, ω, x, k), ω being frequency, k being wavenumber;
s3, calculating instantaneous frequency by performing partial derivative on time t and channel number x on a short-time Fourier time frequency domainAnd instantaneous wave number->An estimator;
s4, defining a new synchronous extrusion operator TDSTO by using the calculation result in the S3;
s5, constructing a time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion transformation characterization method TDSST (t, omega, x, k) according to an extrusion principle;
s6, fixing the wave number by maximizing the energy of the TDSST (t, omega, x, k), so as to obtain a time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data body TDSST (t, x, omega, k (t, x, omega));
s7, performing frequency f in the three-dimensional data volume 0 And (3) obtaining a single-frequency section to display morphological and structural characteristics of the complex stacked compact river sandstone reservoir.
2. The method for characterizing a reservoir in a synchronous extrusion stacked dense riverway in a space-time-frequency wavenumber domain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the short-time fourier transform V calculated in S2 2 (t, ω, x, k) is:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the imaginary unit of complex number, ω and k represent the frequency factor and the wave number factor (ω+.0, k+.0) in two directions at the position (τ, y), τ and y are the movements of the window center position during the movement, respectively, controlling the movements of the window center in the t and x directions; g (t, x) is a two-dimensional gaussian window function in the form of:
wherein delta t ，δ x The standard deviation of the gaussian window function in the t-direction and the x-direction are shown, respectively.
3. The method for characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir by synchronous extrusion in the space-time-frequency wavenumber domain according to claim 1, wherein said instantaneous frequency in step S3And instantaneous wave number->The estimated formula of (2) is:
wherein g' t Indicating the window function to bias the time, g' x The representation window function deflects the number of tracks.
4. The method for characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir by synchronous extrusion in the space-time-frequency wavenumber domain according to claim 1, wherein the synchronous extrusion operator defined in the step S4 is:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
5. The method for characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir by synchronous extrusion in space-time-frequency wavenumber domain according to claim 1, wherein in said step S5, the constructed synchronous extrusion in space-time-frequency wavenumber domain is transformed into:
where η represents frequency, n represents wavenumber, and δ (·) represents dirac function.
6. The method for characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir by synchronous extrusion in space-time-frequency wavenumber domain according to claim 1, wherein the specific expression in the step S6 is as follows:
thereby obtaining a time-space-frequency domain three-dimensional data volume TDSST (t, x, ω, k (t, x, ω)) of TDSST (t, ω, x, k).
7. The method of characterizing a stacked tight river reservoir with synchronous extrusion in the space-time-frequency wavenumber domain of claim 5, wherein the inverse transform of equation (6) is performed to reconstruct the signal s (t, x):
thereby reconstructing the signal.
CN202310797081.1A 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 Space-time-frequency wave number domain synchronous extrusion superposition tight river reservoir characterization method Pending CN116859457A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117668623A (en) * 2024-02-02 2024-03-08 中国海洋大学 Multi-sensor cross-domain fault diagnosis method for leakage of ship pipeline valve

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117668623A (en) * 2024-02-02 2024-03-08 中国海洋大学 Multi-sensor cross-domain fault diagnosis method for leakage of ship pipeline valve
CN117668623B (en) * 2024-02-02 2024-05-14 中国海洋大学 Multi-sensor cross-domain fault diagnosis method for leakage of ship pipeline valve

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