CN116858751B - Permeable concrete pavement porosity measuring and calculating method based on representative vehicle type sound processing - Google Patents
Permeable concrete pavement porosity measuring and calculating method based on representative vehicle type sound processing Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011380 pervious concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/78—Detection of presence or absence of voice signals
- G10L25/87—Detection of discrete points within a voice signal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating porosity of a permeable concrete pavement based on representative vehicle type sound processing, which mainly comprises the following steps: determining the model of the permeable concrete pavement; collecting the audio representing the vehicle type running on the permeable concrete pavement; preprocessing the acquired driving audio; carrying out noise filtering treatment on the pretreated driving audio; and establishing a relation model of different porosities of the permeable concrete pavement test section and the running audios of the representative vehicle type, and calculating according to the model to obtain the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement. According to the method, the vehicle weighing data are used for determining that the permeable concrete pavement represents the vehicle type, the audio representing the running of the vehicle type on the permeable concrete pavement is collected, the pretreatment and the noise filtering treatment are carried out, the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement is obtained through calculation according to the model, the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement can be effectively calculated under the condition that the pavement is not damaged, the detection and the control of the porosity are realized, and the good performance of the pavement is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voice or sound processing, in particular to application of a sound processing technology in permeable concrete pavement engineering, and provides a permeable concrete pavement porosity measuring and calculating method based on representative vehicle type sound processing.
Background
The permeable concrete is a high-strength permeable concrete with continuous pores, which is prepared by mixing special inorganic permeable water-retaining cement concrete reinforcing agent with water to form a diluent and then mixing the diluent with cement to form cement paste to wrap coarse and fine aggregates, and is matched with fine construction.
The permeable concrete pavement has high porosity, high pavement surface structure depth and good anti-skid performance. Because of the large porosity, the noise-reducing device can effectively absorb the sound generated in the running process of the vehicle, thereby having good noise-reducing function. Therefore, the control, detection and calculation of the porosity are important to the realization of the functions of the permeable concrete pavement.
Patent application CN205280548U discloses a simple detection device for the porosity of pervious concrete. The device comprises a concrete gas content measuring instrument, wherein the concrete gas content measuring instrument is connected with a gas storage tank with a certain volume, the gas storage tank is communicated with a sample cylinder through a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a control valve, and the gas storage tank is provided with a pressure gauge.
Paper rapid detection method of porosity of pervious concrete Huang Dawei, wei Shanshan, etc., building materials development guidance. 2014,12 (24) page numbers: 51-53. A method suitable for the on-site quality detection of the pervious concrete is found out through structural model analysis and experimental design of the pervious concrete.
In addition, no other document mentions the detection and calculation of the porosity of pervious concrete pavements. The analysis of the above related documents shows that the detection and calculation of the porosity of the existing pervious concrete are less, the detection method of the original parameter determining the performance of the glue Dan Bi of the pervious concrete is less involved, and no related research is combined with the driving audio processing technology representing the vehicle type. However, the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement has great influence on the anti-skid and noise reduction functions of the pavement, so that the method for measuring and calculating the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement based on the sound treatment of the representative vehicle model is urgent and necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive control method of a pedestrian crossing signal lamp of a road, which aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, dynamically adjusts the phase and the time length of the pedestrian crossing signal lamp by comprehensively considering the quantity and the waiting time of pedestrians and the quantity and the waiting time of vehicles so as to better meet the travel requirement of the pedestrians and the traffic safety requirement of the road, and is hopeful to provide a more intelligent and more efficient pedestrian crossing signal lamp management scheme for an urban road traffic system, thereby providing a safer and smoother travel environment for the pedestrians.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for measuring and calculating the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement based on the sound processing of the representative vehicle model comprises the following steps:
step one, determining that a permeable concrete pavement represents a vehicle type;
step two, collecting the audio frequency representing the vehicle type running on the permeable concrete pavement;
step three, preprocessing the acquired driving audio;
step four, carrying out noise filtering treatment on the preprocessed driving audio;
and fifthly, establishing a relation model of different porosities of the permeable concrete pavement test section and the driving audio of the representative vehicle type, and calculating according to the model to obtain the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement.
The invention further discloses the following technology:
preferably, the second step adopts a sound pressure meter to collect the driving audio of the vehicle, and the collecting conditions are as follows:
(1) The acquisition temperature is between 10 ℃ and 30 ℃;
(2) The weather is clear and the wind is not strong;
(3) The collection place is flat;
(4) Other vehicles are not interfered except the representative vehicle type during the acquisition period;
(5) The sampling frequency is 10000Hz.
Preferably, step three comprises the following:
(1) After the acquired driving audio frequency of the representative vehicle model is digitalized, the acquired driving audio frequency of the representative vehicle model is transmitted through a first-order high-pass filter;
(2) Carrying out windowing and framing treatment on the audio signal after passing through the filter, and forming a windowing signal by multiplying an original signal by a window function to realize framing, wherein the window function adopts a Hamming window, and the length of the window function is 15ms-30ms;
(3) Performing endpoint detection on the signal subjected to framing processing by using the characteristic indexes of energy and zero crossing rate; if the energy and zero crossing rate are small or zero, then the audio is effective.
Preferably, step four: and (3) carrying out multi-scale wavelet transformation on the signals by a preset threshold value, generating coefficients larger than and smaller than the threshold value after wavelet decomposition, respectively calculating wavelet estimation coefficients after denoising, and finally removing the noise.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the wavelet estimation coefficient after denoising is as follows:
: wavelet coefficient after denoising;
: wavelet coefficients of the acoustic signal;
a: adjusting the coefficient to take a value between 0 and 1;
: standard deviation of noise, db;
: the length of the noise signal, s.
Preferably, step five, building a relation model of different porosities and vehicle running audios, and obtaining the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement through model calculation:
: representing the audio frequency db of the vehicle model after the driving pretreatment and the noise removal;
: reference noise level, db; heavy vehicles 81.2 above 3.5t, trucks below 3.5t and buses 76.6 of various types, small-sized bag-up vehicles and saloons 71.6 of various types;
: representing the traffic flow of the vehicle type and the vehicle;
: speed of the vehicle, km/h;
t: observing time;
: calculating a reference distance, and taking 7.5m;
: the vertical distance from the sound receiving point to the central line of the lane on the road surface is m;
: the thickness of the surface layer is mm;
: road surface porosity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the porosity of a permeable concrete pavement, which is characterized in that on the basis of the theory of the treatment of the driving audio of a representative vehicle model, the representative vehicle model of the permeable concrete pavement is determined through vehicle weighing data, the driving audio of the representative vehicle model on the permeable concrete pavement is collected, the pretreatment and the noise filtering treatment are carried out, a relation model of the porosity and the driving audio of the representative vehicle model is established, and the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement is calculated according to the model. The porous concrete pavement porosity can be effectively calculated under the condition of not damaging the pavement, the detection and control of the porosity are realized, and the good performance of the pavement is ensured.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, so that the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect achieved by the present invention can be easily understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples: newly-built expressways near the Yongzhen of the Ulva of Anhui, wherein the pavement structure is a 10cm permeable concrete surface layer, a 20cm cement stabilized macadam base layer and a 20cm low-dose cement stabilized macadam subbase layer.
Step one, determining that the permeable concrete pavement represents a vehicle type
The code number of the toll gate of the main line of the town is 206, recent toll gate data is collected, and statistics are carried out according to the following table:
table 1 toll station data division principle according to specification requirements
The statistical result shows that the proportion of the class 1 vehicle type is 45.8%, and the proportion of the vehicle type is the largest, so that the class 1 vehicle type is selected as the representative vehicle type.
Step two, collecting the audio frequency representing the vehicle type running on the permeable concrete pavement
The sound pressure meter is adopted to collect the running audio of the class 1 vehicle, and the collecting conditions are as follows:
(1) The acquisition temperature is between 10 ℃ and 30 ℃.
(2) The weather is clear and the wind is not strong.
(3) The collection place is flat.
(4) Other vehicles must not interfere during the acquisition period except for representing the vehicle type.
(5) The sampling frequency is 10000Hz.
Step three, preprocessing the acquired driving audio
(1) After the acquired driving audio frequency of the representative vehicle type digitizes the sound signal, the sound signal passes through a first-order high-pass filter, so that the overall amplitude is reduced, and the high-frequency component is increased.
(2) The audio signal after passing through the filter is windowed and framed. The framing is achieved by multiplying the original signal by a window function, which uses a hamming window, the length of which takes 20ms.
(3) Performing endpoint detection on the signal subjected to framing processing by using the characteristic indexes of energy and zero crossing rate; if the energy and zero crossing rate are small or zero, then the audio is effective.
Step four, noise filtering treatment is carried out on the pretreated driving audio
And (3) carrying out multi-scale wavelet transformation on the signals by a preset threshold value, generating coefficients larger than and smaller than the threshold value after wavelet decomposition, respectively calculating wavelet estimation coefficients after denoising, and finally removing noise. The calculation formula of the wavelet estimation coefficient after denoising is as follows:
: wavelet coefficient after denoising;
: wavelet coefficient of sound signal, 0.3;
a: adjusting the coefficient to take a value between 0 and 1 and taking 0.4;
: standard deviation of noise, 1.2db;
: the length of the noise signal is 4.3s.
Coefficients above and below the threshold are 1.39 and 0.28, respectively. Finally removing noise to obtain the class 1 vehicle running audio with the size of 44.8db after noise filtering.
And fifthly, establishing a relation model of different porosities of the permeable concrete pavement test section and the driving audio of the representative vehicle type, and calculating according to the model to obtain the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement.
: representing the audio frequency of the vehicle model after the driving pretreatment and the noise removal, 44.8db;
: referring to the noise level, a class 1 car (car) takes 71.6db;
: representing the traffic flow of the vehicle type, 5 vehicles;
: the speed of the vehicle is 60km/h;
t: observing time, taking 30s;
: calculating a reference distance, and taking 7.5m;
: the vertical distance from the sound receiving point to the central line of the lane on the road surface is 10m;
: the thickness of the surface layer is 100mm;
: road surface porosity,%.
The parameters are brought into a relation model, and the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement is calculated18%.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. The method for measuring and calculating the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement based on the sound processing of the representative vehicle model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, determining that a permeable concrete pavement represents a vehicle type;
step two, collecting the audio frequency representing the vehicle type running on the permeable concrete pavement;
step three, preprocessing the acquired driving audio;
step four, carrying out noise filtering treatment on the preprocessed driving audio;
establishing a relation model between different porosities of the permeable concrete pavement test section and the running audio of the representative vehicle type, and calculating according to the model to obtain the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement;
step three comprises the following contents:
(1) After the acquired driving audio frequency of the representative vehicle model is digitalized, the acquired driving audio frequency of the representative vehicle model is transmitted through a first-order high-pass filter;
(2) Carrying out windowing and framing treatment on the audio signal after passing through the filter, and forming a windowing signal by multiplying an original signal by a window function to realize framing, wherein the window function adopts a Hamming window, and the length of the window function is 15ms-30ms;
(3) Performing endpoint detection on the signal subjected to framing processing by using the characteristic indexes of energy and zero crossing rate; if the energy and the zero crossing rate are small or zero, the effective audio is obtained;
step four: a preset threshold value is adopted, the signals are subjected to multi-scale wavelet transformation, coefficients larger than and smaller than the threshold value are generated after wavelet decomposition, wavelet estimation coefficients after denoising are calculated respectively, and finally the noises are removed;
the calculation formula of the wavelet estimation coefficient after denoising is as follows:
l': wavelet coefficient after denoising;
l: wavelet coefficients of the acoustic signal;
sgn represents a sign function, which is a mathematical function, typically denoted by sgn (L), defined as sgn (L) =1 when L > 0; when x <0, sgn (L) = -1; when x=0, sgn (L) =0;
a: adjusting the coefficient to take a value between 0 and 1;
sigma: standard deviation of noise, db;
n: the length of the noise signal, s;
establishing relation models of different porosities and vehicle running audios, and obtaining the porosity of the permeable concrete pavement through model calculation:
p: representing the audio frequency db of the vehicle model after the driving pretreatment and the noise removal;
P oEi : reference noise level, db;
Q i : representing the traffic flow of the vehicle type and the vehicle;
V i : speed of the vehicle, km/h;
t: observing time;
D 0 : calculating a reference distance, and taking 7.5m;
d: the vertical distance from the sound receiving point to the central line of the lane on the road surface is m;
h: the thickness of the surface layer is mm;
v: road surface porosity.
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