CN116857740A - Air-defense basement ventilation protective equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-defense basement ventilation protection device, which comprises an air-defense wave device, mainly comprises an air inlet, an air outlet, a smoke outlet, an explosion-proof wave valve, a dust removing device, a toxin filtering device and the like, and is used for weakening the intensity of shock waves. Through installing air volume measuring device at the cleaning unit, can know the size of pipeline amount of wind in real time. Meanwhile, the filtering effect of the ventilation system is greatly improved by improving the filtering and absorbing device.

Description

Air-defense basement ventilation protective equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of basement ventilation, and particularly relates to air-defense basement ventilation protection equipment.

Background

The ventilating duct is generally required to be installed in the air-defense basement, and ventilation is carried out in the air-defense basement, and compared with a common ventilating duct, the air-defense facility ventilating system in the air-defense during the air-defense is provided with three protection ventilating modes of clean air supply, toxin filtering ventilation and isolation protection due to the limitation of the installation environment. During clean ventilation, air flows through the air inlet vertical shaft, the diffusion chamber and the coarse filter and is sent out by the centrifugal fan; during the toxin filtering ventilation, air flows through the air inlet vertical shaft, the diffusion chamber, the coarse filter and the filtering absorber and is sent out by an electric and hand-operated fan. When exhausting air, the air flows through the toilet, the simple decontamination room, the gas-proof channel, the diffusion chamber, the exhaust vertical shaft and is exhausted by overpressure. However, the traditional ventilation system lacks in measuring the air quantity of the pipeline, so that the air quantity of the pipeline cannot be known in real time. Meanwhile, the traditional poison filtering equipment is single, and the filtering effect on gas is relatively poor.

Accordingly, an air-defense basement ventilation protection device is proposed against the above-mentioned problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention proposes an air-defense basement ventilation protection device to solve the above-mentioned problems of the background art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a ventilation protecting equipment for air-proof basement is composed of explosion-proof valve, dust-removing unit, poison filtering unit, and air inlet, air outlet and fume outlet for weakening the impact wave. The explosion-proof valve adopts a suspension plate type explosion-proof valve and a rubber pipe type explosion-proof valve, and is provided with dust removing equipment, toxin filtering equipment, valve chambers, diffusion chambers and other wave eliminating equipment and airtight valves. The anti-shock wave equipment is generally selected and arranged by civil engineering designers, and ventilation professionals cooperate to provide ventilation quantity and residual pressure requirements after wave elimination.

Preferably, an air defense basement ventilation protective equipment, its main characterized in that: the anti-explosion device mainly comprises an anti-explosion valve, dust removing equipment, toxin filtering equipment and a closed valve, which are optimally designed according to different characteristics, wherein the anti-explosion valve is provided with a cantilever plate type anti-explosion valve and a rubber tube type anti-explosion valve.

Preferably, the cantilever type anti-explosion valve adopts a door type cantilever valve with a base plate which can be opened at ordinary times and uses a door opening to enter and exhaust air in ordinary times, and the base plate (door leaf) is closed when in war, and enters and exhaust air by leaning on holes on the base plate. The most widely used are the HK series and MH series.

Preferably, a limit seat made of angle steel is arranged for preventing the dangling plate from being damaged under the action of the negative pressure of the shock wave and limiting the maximum opening angle of the dangling. In order to prevent the pendulum plate from being opened again when the negative pressure of the shock wave acts and when the positive pressure acts and rebounds, the valve pendulum plate of some models is provided with a self-closing device so as to ensure that the pendulum plate is closed automatically.

Preferably, the rubber tube type explosion-proof valve is formed by adopting a rubber tube made of soft and elastic rubber material as a wave-absorbing main body and fixing the rubber tube on a steel door leaf by using a clamp, so that the valve with ventilation and wave-absorbing performance is formed. The application resistance of the air-defense basement is below 0.6MPa, the temperature is between minus 30 ℃ and plus 40 ℃, and the service life is about 10 years under the condition of 20 ℃.

Preferably, the ventilation resistance is calculated in different ways depending on whether a pipe is connected between the shutter and the diffusion chamber. When the valve and the diffusion chamber are respectively arranged and are connected through a pipeline, the calculation formula of the ventilation resistance of the diffusion chamber is as follows:

preferably, the cross section of the valve chamber is generally rectangular, and the dimensions in the length, width and height directions should not be too different. The length of the valve chamber should not be less than 1m, and is preferably about 1.2 m.

Preferably, the diffusion box can be made of steel plates with the thickness not smaller than 3mm, and the diffusion box and the pendulum valve are matched to form a wave-absorbing system.

Preferably, the wave-absorbing system is designed according to engineering resistance and allowable residual pressure of equipment, the residual pressure after passing through the wave-absorbing system is not more than the allowable residual pressure value,

preferably, the oil screen dust filter adopts a coarse filtration dust removing device, mainly an LWP type oil screen dust filter, and is used for filtering dust with larger particle size and nuclear biochemical contamination in the air. The LWP type oil screen dust filter consists of a plurality of layers of wire screens and a steel outer frame.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

1. compared with the prior art, the air-defense basement ventilation protection equipment provided by the invention has the advantages that the valve plate is embedded into the wall surface, so that the valve is prevented from being closed when shock waves act from the side surface, the valve plate and the base are prevented from being ablated by intense light radiation after the valve is closed, the valve is arranged at a position which is not irradiated by the light radiation when the valve is designed, and the suspension plate and the buffer rubber plate of the base are tightly attached when the valve is closed; when the hanging plate is opened, the hanging plate can be automatically opened to the limiting seat; the installation is firm, and the base plate is vertical; after the assembly, the suspension plate can rotate flexibly and can be automatically opened to the limit seat; when the valve is connected with the air pipe, the reducing pipe can be automatically processed on site to be connected with the bottom frame.

2. The ventilation system of the war time air-defense facility can realize peacetime conversion and has a simple structure. Through installing air volume measuring device at the cleaning unit, can know the size of pipeline amount of wind in real time. Meanwhile, the filtering effect of the ventilation system is greatly improved by improving the filtering and absorbing device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an FCH type explosion-proof overpressure vent valve installation diagram

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a diffuser box nipple

FIG. 3 shows a PS-D250 overpressure vent valve

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the dynamic characteristics of YF d150 automatic exhaust valve ventilation

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a manual sealing valve

1 explosion-proof overpressure exhaust valve, 2 flange, 3 reducer, 4, 5 hexagon head bolt, 6 gasket, 7 pipeline, (1) shell, (2) movable disk, (3) flange, (4) reducer, (5) heavy hammer, and (6) lever

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-2, the installation diagram of the FCH type explosion-proof overpressure vent valve has the same working principle as the FCH type explosion-proof overpressure vent valve basically as the YF type and the PS type. The difference is that: the movable disc of the device can directly bear the action of impact wave pressure, can be arranged on the outer wall of a low-resistance engineering, and can replace an explosion wave-proof valve during air exhaust, so the device is called an explosion-proof overpressure automatic exhaust valve.

The FCH type explosion-proof overpressure exhaust valve has the models of 150, 200, 25OA, 250 type and the like, and the resistance is 0.3MPa. The selection of the exhaust valves calculates the number selection of the exhaust valves and is related to factors such as the toxin filtering ventilation quantity, the indoor overpressure value, the engineering air leakage quantity and the like. The number of required valves can be calculated approximately, wherein n is the number of required valves; lg, the toxin filtering air intake of engineering, m3/h; lf, the engineering air leakage quantity, m3/h. The air leakage quantity is related to the engineering overpressure value, and when the overpressure value is smaller than 50Pa, the air leakage quantity is measured to be 4% of the volume of the engineering cleaning area; when the overpressure value is greater than 50Pa, the air leakage is measured and the volume of the engineering cleaning area is 7%; ln-the exhaust air quantity of each valve in the case of a specified overpressure, m3/h, can be checked from the ventilation resistance characteristic curve in the product sample of the installation.

Design and installation notice of overpressure vent valve:

(1) The automatic exhaust valve is arranged on the wall; the diameter of the embedded pipe is consistent with the diameter of the valve;

(2) The heavy hammer of the valve must be positioned on one side of the overpressure, and ensure that the lever of the valve is vertical to the horizontal plane, and the centers of the upper screw hole and the lower screw hole of the flange must be on the same plumb line;

(3) When the automatic exhaust valve is used, the position of the heavy hammer is adjusted according to the required overpressure value, so that the valve can automatically exhaust air under the condition of ensuring the overpressure value. When the isolated ventilation is carried out, the catch bolt is pulled down, the eccentric wheel is abutted against the lever, and the valve is closed;

(4) The installation position should be considered and the operation, the disassembly and the repair are convenient.

Ventilator: the power of air flow in the engineering is a ventilator, and the choice of the air-proof basement ventilator meets the following requirements:

(1) The air quantity and the air pressure of the ventilator meet the requirements of clean type ventilation and toxin filtering ventilation at ordinary times and in war time; when the ventilation of the clean type and the toxin filtering type is unreasonable, the ventilators are selected respectively;

(2) For the ventilation system with larger air quantity and smaller resistance, a plurality of ventilators with the same type and the same performance can be adopted to be connected in parallel; an air quantity regulating valve and a check valve are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the parallel ventilator;

(3) The wind pressure of the ventilator is determined according to the additional 10% -15% of the calculated pressure loss of the ventilation system;

(4) The air quantity of the ventilator should be counted into the air leakage quantity of the ventilating pipeline and the equipment;

(5) When the power supply in the engineering can not be ensured, a manual and electric ventilator should be used. Namely, the air-defense basement provided with the diesel power station can be provided with only an electric fan, otherwise, a manual and electric dual-purpose ventilator is required to be provided.

The existing manual and electric dual-purpose ventilator comprises an F270 hand-operated and electric dual-purpose ventilator, a DJF-1 electric and pedal dual-purpose ventilator, an SR900 electric and pedal dual-purpose ventilator and the like.

Embodiment II according to FIGS. 3-4, design selection and installation of the sealing valve

1. Design choice of closed valve

(1) Calculating the inner diameter of the valve by using a presumed flow velocity method (the wind speed is preferably 6-8 m/s) according to the ventilation quantity; (2) determining the model specification of the valve according to the calculated value;

(3) The diameter of the pipeline connected with the valve is consistent with the inner diameter of the valve. Note that the inner diameter of the lever type sealing valve is different from the nominal diameter, for example, the nominal diameter of the D40J-0.5 sealing valve of DN500 is 560mm.

(4) The airtight valve only controls the opening and the airtight of the pipeline, and cannot be used for adjusting the air quantity, and if the air quantity is to be adjusted, an air quantity adjusting valve (arranged in a cleaning area) is needed.

2. Design and installation considerations

(1) The valve can be arranged on a horizontal or vertical pipeline, the convenience of operation, maintenance or replacement is ensured, and the use handle is not influenced from the position of the wall body;

(2) When in installation, the arrow direction of the valve mark is ensured to be consistent with the direction of the shock wave;

(3) In the design and use process of the valve, the valve plate is required to be fully opened or fully closed, and the air quantity is not allowed to be regulated (namely, the half-opened and closed state);

(4) The flange plane is perpendicular to the axis of the air pipe, and the flange plane and the air pipe are connected by adopting a sealing flange;

(5) The valve plate is placed in a closed position at a dry place in the room before installation, and the rubber sealing surface is not allowed to be stained with any grease substances for corrosion prevention. When in installation, the switch pointer is adjusted to enable the position of the pointer to be consistent with the actual switch position of the valve plate;

the working process of the invention is as follows: when a nuclear attack occurs, the air is polluted by radioactivity in a certain range of the nuclear explosion region and the flow direction of the smoke cloud. Explosive residues (nuclear fragments, unreacted nuclear charges) in the smoke cloud and induced radioactive dust and the like raised on the ground, which are usually present in the air in a dust state, are important sources of air radioactive contamination; in addition, chemical and biological warfare agents form aerosols after being released, which pollute the air. Therefore, the elimination of radioactive and biochemical contaminants in the intake air is one of the main tasks of dust removal from ventilation systems. And secondly, dust removal treatment is also carried out when clean air enters the engineering, so that the air environment in the engineering is not influenced due to the fact that the dust concentration in the air is too high. The cantilever plate type explosion-proof valve mainly comprises a base plate, a cantilever swing plate, hinge pages, a baffle plate and other parts, and the cantilever swing plate keeps a certain angle of open state under the action of dead weight at ordinary times. The base plate is provided with a plurality of round or strip-shaped holes. When ventilation is carried out at ordinary times, air flows out or flows into the air-proof basement through the space between the suspension swing plate and the base plate at an opening angle and the holes on the base plate; when the shock wave pressure acts, the suspension swing plate is overlapped with the bottom plate under the shock wave pressure, and the shock wave is blocked outside. In order to prevent the dangling plate from being damaged under the action of the negative pressure of the shock wave and limit the maximum opening angle of the dangling, a limit seat made of angle steel is arranged. In order to prevent the pendulum plate from opening again when the negative pressure of the shock wave acts and when the positive pressure acts and rebounds, some types of valve pendulum plates are provided with self-closing devices so as to ensure that the closed pendulum plate is locked automatically. The rubber tube valve is made of soft and elastic rubber material and is a wave-absorbing main body, and is fixed on a steel door leaf by a clamp to form the valve with ventilation and wave-absorbing performance.

In order to prevent the dangling plate from being damaged under the action of the negative pressure of the shock wave and limit the maximum opening angle of the dangling, a limit seat made of angle steel is arranged. In order to prevent the pendulum plate from opening again when the negative pressure of the shock wave acts and when the positive pressure acts and rebounds, some types of valve pendulum plates are provided with self-closing devices so as to ensure that the closed pendulum plate is locked automatically.

The cantilever plate type explosion-proof wave valve is reliable in operation, simple in structure and high in wave-absorbing rate. Finally: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. An air defense basement ventilation protective equipment which mainly characterized in that: comprises shock wave preventing equipment, mainly relates to a suspension plate type shock wave preventing valve, a rubber pipe type shock wave preventing valve and other wave absorbing equipment.

2. The cantilever type blast-proof valve according to claim 1, which mainly comprises a base plate, a cantilever swing plate, hinge pages, a baffle plate and the like, and is used for air intake and exhaust through holes on the base plate.

3. The cantilever type blast-proof valve according to claim 2, wherein a door type cantilever valve with a base plate which can be opened at ordinary times is selected, and when two or more valves are communicated with wind, the same model is required, and the valves are symmetrically arranged to ensure that each valve uniformly distributes wind.

4. The rubber tube type explosion-proof valve according to claim 1, wherein a rubber tube made of soft and elastic rubber material is used as a wave-absorbing main body, and the rubber tube is fixedly connected with a steel door leaf by a clamp to form the valve with ventilation and wave-absorbing performances.

5. The hose type blast-resistant valve according to claim 4, wherein the shaped design specifications are phi 200, phi 300, phi 400, phi 500, phi 600, phi 800, phi 1000.

6. The other silencer assembly of claim 1, which mainly comprises a diffusion chamber, a valve chamber or a transition box.

7. The diffusion chamber of claim 6 having a width and a height as close as possible, at most one time different; the cross-sectional area should be greater than 9 times the inlet cross-sectional area; the length L should be 2 to 3 times the width or height. At the same time, the inlet is preferably opened on the front end wall; the outlet should be opened on the side wall 2/3L from the shock wave inlet end wall.

8. The valve chamber according to claim 6, wherein the cross section is generally rectangular, and the dimensions in the three directions of length, width and height are not too different.