CN116855795A - Method for removing high-temperature alloy inclusions by using non-vacuum induction furnace - Google Patents
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000755266 Kathetostoma giganteum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing high-temperature alloy inclusions by using a non-vacuum induction furnace, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy preparation. The high-temperature alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.015-0.03%, si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.001 percent, cr:27.0 to 31.0 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Al: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, ti: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mo: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, co: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, fe:7.0 to 11.0 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the balance of Ni is more than or equal to 58 percent; the method comprises the following steps: the 3T and 20T non-vacuum induction furnace smelting, the AOD furnace, the LF furnace and the protective atmosphere electroslag are adopted to obtain pure and uniform steel ingots, the steel ingots are required to have no internal defects, uniform structure, good surface quality, the grain size after solid solution meets the requirements, the A, B, C, D impurities are required to be less than or equal to 0.5 level, and the crack rate is extremely low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smelting method of a high-temperature alloy, in particular to a method for removing impurities of the high-temperature alloy by using a non-vacuum induction furnace, and especially relates to a method for removing impurities of a nuclear power material.
Background
Along with the progress of technology, the application of the high-temperature alloy is more and more extensive, the requirements on the purity degree and inclusion of the steel ingot are more and more strict, the defects such as inclusion and the like are required to be removed in a method, and particularly in certain nuclear power military products, the higher and higher requirements are provided for the nonmetallic inclusion of the high-temperature alloy.
The defects of nonmetallic inclusion are researched to become the necessary trend of the development of high-temperature alloy, and the main technical requirements comprise chemical components, mechanical properties, metallography, inclusion, technological properties and surface quality. The difficulty is that the performance is unstable, the inclusion requirement is strict, and the steel-making inclusion cannot lead the steel ingot of the whole furnace to be judged to be wasted. If the quality of the steel ingot is poor, surface cracks and internal defects are easy to occur in the subsequent forging process of the material, and the final physical properties are affected. Therefore, the composition, internal inclusion, surface quality and preparation process stability of the cast ingot have very important influence on the finished product.
The alloy material inevitably has defects of nonmetallic inclusion and the like introduced due to the problems of raw material purity, furnace lining material, smelting atmosphere and the like in the preparation process, so that the steelmaking process becomes the most important link for preparing high-temperature alloy steel ingots with strict nonmetallic inclusion requirements.
Although the prior high-temperature alloy production process starts to pay attention to reducing the content of nonmetallic inclusion in the smelting process, the prior smelting process does not combine two non-vacuum induction furnaces to reduce the content of nonmetallic inclusion. In the process, how to control the inclusion content in high-temperature alloy smelting and enable the crack rate of the obtained alloy to be low becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a method for removing high-temperature alloy inclusions by using a non-vacuum induction furnace, so as to meet the use requirements of the existing alloy in a complex working environment and reduce the inclusion content and the crack rate of the existing alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for removing high-temperature alloy inclusions by using a non-vacuum induction furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by weight:
c: 0.015-0.03%, si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.001 percent, cr:27.0 to 31.0 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Al: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, ti: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mo: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, co: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, fe:7.0 to 11.0 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the balance of Ni is more than or equal to 58 percent;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing alloy according to the element composition ratio, smelting by a3T non-vacuum induction furnace and a20T non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1510-1530 ℃, the melting power of the 20T furnace is 6000-8000 KW, measuring the temperature after the raw materials are completely smelted, keeping the same power, and continuously heating to refine molten steel;
step B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel of the 3T furnace in the step A at 1510-1530 ℃ for deoxidization, supplementing aluminum powder according to the refining progress condition of the AOD furnace after slag whitening to maintain a reducing atmosphere, and heating the molten steel of the 20T furnace in the step A to 1540-1560 ℃;
c, maintaining the reducing atmosphere of the 3T furnace molten steel in the step B, inserting 1kg/T of Al wire and 1.5kg/T of Ca-Si for deoxidization, and tapping the 20T furnace molten steel in the step B after deslagging to 80 percent at the temperature of 1600+/-20 ℃; adding steel ladle, controlling the temperature of the steel ladle to be more than or equal to 800 ℃, and then transferring to an AOD station;
step D, adding steel: after 800kg of furnace bottom bedding stone ash is added into a ladle in place, ar gas is supplied, the furnace is added into the ladle after normal gas supply, and the AOD converting period is divided into a first-stage decarburization period, a second-stage decarburization period, a third-stage decarburization period, a fourth-stage decarburization period and a reduction period, and 70% of automatic slag flowing in the reduction period is tapped;
e, transferring the 3T molten steel and the 20T molten steel in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire, heating up to supplement slag charge, adding Al powder to control the content of Al to be 0.2wt%, performing diffusion deoxidation on Ca-Si powder, sampling slag white, opening a ladle car at 1590+/-10 ℃ to remove 50-80%, adding sponge Ti to adjust the content of Ti to be 0.3-0.35 wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of an LF furnace, blowing Ar for more than or equal to 15min, and controlling the ladle hanging temperature to be 1510+/-10 ℃;
f, pouring the molten steel obtained in the step E into an electrode rod, calming for more than or equal to 10 minutes after tapping in an LF furnace, adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding cover for protection pouring, demoulding after pouring, and air cooling after demoulding;
step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and forging a finished product after heat preservation.
The nonmetallic inclusion of the superalloy material obtained by the method is as follows: A. b, C all had a D fineness of 0.5 and a D coarseness of 0. The probability of defects occurring in the steel ingot is 0, the surface quality is extremely excellent, and the crack rate is 0.
In the preferred scheme, in the step A, the content of each element is regulated in the smelting process, so that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement.
In the step B, sampling analysis is carried out after the temperature of the molten steel of the 20T furnace is raised to 1540-1560 ℃, and alloy components are adjusted according to proportioning requirements.
As a preferred embodiment, in step C, 2 batches of 1kg/tAl wire and 1.5kg/tCa-Si deoxygenation are added together.
In a preferred embodiment, in step D, the total CaO addition during the AOD converting period is 2.5 t/furnace.
In a preferred embodiment, in step E, the amount of the inserted Al wire is 3M/ton.
In a preferred embodiment, in step F, demolding is performed for 4 hours or more after pouring.
In the step G, the composition of the protective atmosphere electroslag is preferably as follows: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：MgO：CaO：CaF 2 ＝20：5：10：65。
In a preferred embodiment, in step H, the incubation time is 4 hours.
In a preferred scheme, in the step H, the forging process is as follows: initial forging temperature 1050 ℃ and final forging temperature 945 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for removing the high-temperature alloy inclusions by using the non-vacuum induction furnace, the obtained high-temperature alloy material has good surface quality, no metallurgical defects in the high-temperature alloy material and extremely small inclusion quantity, smelting and pouring are carried out in a non-vacuum environment, and the second step is carried out in an AOD furnace for four-stage decarburization and reduction atmosphere, so that the removal of gas and inclusions is promoted, and good surface quality is formed. The second smelting is carried out in protective atmosphere electroslag, and the smelting speed and the voltage are adjusted in a stabilizing stage and a heat-sealing top stage to shorten the depth of a molten pool at the head of the steel ingot, prevent shrinkage porosity and reduce the gas content at the same time, so that the steel ingot without internal metallurgical defects is obtained.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The high-temperature alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight, wherein the components and the proportion requirements of the elements are shown in table 1. Four superalloys, sample 1-sample 4, were prepared according to the elemental compositions of Table 2, as required in Table 1.
Table 1: all the element components and the batching requirements (wt%)
Table 2 elemental composition of each sample prepared in the examples
The inclusion of the high-temperature alloy is removed by adopting a non-vacuum induction furnace, and taking sample 1 as an example, the specific method is as follows:
and (A) preparing alloy according to the component proportions, smelting through a3T furnace and a20T furnace by a non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1510 ℃, the power of the 20T furnace is gradually increased, the normal-stage material power is 6000KW, and the temperature is measured after the full smelting, and the high-power continuous temperature rise is maintained. Adjusting the content of each element in the smelting process to ensure that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement and preparing molten steel;
and B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel in the step A3T furnace to 1510 ℃ for deoxidation, and keeping good deoxidation effect. And (5) adding a small amount of aluminum powder to maintain the reducing atmosphere according to the refining progress of the AOD furnace after the slag is white. And C, heating the molten steel in the step A20T furnace to 1540 ℃ for sampling analysis, sampling, and adding alloy according to the component requirement to adjust the components.
And C, in the step B, the 3T furnace molten steel always maintains a reducing atmosphere, al wires and 1.5kg/T Ca-Si are inserted into each batch according to the loading amount, 2 batches are added in total, and the deoxidizing effect is kept good. B, the tapping condition of the 20T molten steel in the step is that slag is removed by 80%, and the tapping temperature is 1600+/-20 ℃; the chemical components meet the target requirement of the surface intermediate frequency furnace, the ladle mixing requirement is well baked, the ladle temperature is 800 ℃, and then the ladle is transferred to an AOD station in time.
And D, the molten steel in the step C arrives at a station, and a steel sample is obtained for reference. And (3) adding steel: the lime of the bottom pad is 800 kg/furnace. After the ladle is added in place, a main gun is started to supply Ar gas, an auxiliary gun supplies Ar gas in the whole process, and after the Ar gas is normally supplied, the ladle can be tilted to be added with steel. The smelting points of the AOD furnace are as follows: the total CaO addition during the AOD converting period required 2.5 tons/furnace. The method is divided into a first-stage decarburization, a second-stage decarburization, a third-stage decarburization, a fourth-stage decarburization and a reduction stage, wherein the main purpose of decarburization is to achieve the purpose of removing gas by reducing the content of C, and the steel is tapped after 70% of slag is automatically discharged in the reduction stage.
And E, transferring the 3T and 20T molten steel obtained in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire for 3M/ton according to the Al component in the furnace, adding a proper amount of Al powder (Al is controlled according to 0.2 wt%) and Ca-Si powder for diffusion deoxidation, sampling white slag, finely adjusting the components except Ti, alloying, opening a ladle car to remove 50% of slag, adding sponge Ti to adjust Ti to 0.3wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of the LF furnace, and statically blowing Ar for 15min, wherein the ladle temperature is controlled according to 1510+/-10 ℃.
And F, pouring the molten steel in the step E into the electrode rod, and calming for 10min after LF tapping. And adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding case to protect casting. Demoulding after 4h, and air cooling.
Step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to forge a corresponding finished product by using a proper forging process.
Example 2
Taking sample 2 as an example, the inclusion of the high-temperature alloy is removed by adopting a non-vacuum induction furnace, and the specific method is as follows:
and (A) preparing alloy according to the component proportions, smelting through a3T furnace and a20T furnace by a non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1530 ℃, the power of the 20T furnace is gradually increased, the normal-stage material power is 8000KW, and the temperature is measured after the melting is completed, and the high-power continuous heating is maintained. Adjusting the content of each element in the smelting process to ensure that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement and preparing molten steel;
and B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel in the step A3T furnace to 1530 ℃ for deoxidation, and keeping good deoxidation effect. And (5) adding a small amount of aluminum powder to maintain the reducing atmosphere according to the refining progress of the AOD furnace after the slag is white. And C, heating the molten steel in the step A20T furnace to 1560 ℃ for sampling analysis, sampling, and adding alloy according to the component requirement to adjust the components.
And C, in the step B, the 3T furnace molten steel always maintains a reducing atmosphere, al wires and 1.5kg/T Ca-Si are inserted into each batch according to the loading amount, 2 batches are added in total, and the deoxidizing effect is kept good. B, the tapping condition of the 20T molten steel in the step is that slag is removed by 80%, and the tapping temperature is 1600+/-20 ℃; the chemical components meet the target requirement of the surface intermediate frequency furnace, the ladle mixing requirement is well baked, the ladle temperature is 810 ℃, and then the ladle is transferred to an AOD station in time.
And D, the molten steel in the step C arrives at a station, and a steel sample is obtained for reference. And (3) adding steel: the bottom pad lime 810 kg/furnace. After the ladle is added in place, a main gun is started to supply Ar gas, an auxiliary gun supplies Ar gas in the whole process, and after the Ar gas is normally supplied, the ladle can be tilted to be added with steel. The smelting points of the AOD furnace are as follows: the total CaO addition during the AOD converting period required 2.6 tons/furnace. The method is divided into a first-stage decarburization, a second-stage decarburization, a third-stage decarburization, a fourth-stage decarburization and a reduction stage, wherein the main purpose of decarburization is to achieve the purpose of removing gas by reducing the content of C, and the steel is tapped after 70% of slag is automatically discharged in the reduction stage.
And E, transferring the 3T and 20T molten steel obtained in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire for 3M/ton according to the Al component in the furnace, adding a proper amount of Al powder (Al is controlled according to 0.2 wt%) and Ca-Si powder for diffusion deoxidation, sampling white slag, finely adjusting the components except Ti, alloying, opening a ladle car to remove 80% of slag at the temperature of 1590+/-10 ℃, adding sponge Ti to adjust Ti to 0.35wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of the LF furnace, and statically blowing Ar for 18min, wherein the ladle temperature is controlled according to 1510+/-10 ℃.
And F, pouring the molten steel in the step E into the electrode rod, and calming for 15min after LF tapping. And adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding case to protect casting. Demoulding after pouring for 4.2h, and air cooling after demoulding.
Step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to forge a corresponding finished product by using a proper forging process.
Example 3
Taking sample 3 as an example, the inclusion of the high-temperature alloy is removed by adopting a non-vacuum induction furnace, and the specific method is as follows:
and step A, preparing alloy according to the component proportions, smelting through a3T furnace and a20T furnace by a non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1515 ℃, the power of the 20T furnace is gradually increased, the material power of the normal stage is 6500KW, the temperature is measured after the material is completely smelted, and the high-power continuous temperature rise is maintained. Adjusting the content of each element in the smelting process to ensure that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement and preparing molten steel;
and B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel in the step A3T furnace to 1515 ℃ for deoxidation, and keeping good deoxidation effect. And (5) adding a small amount of aluminum powder to maintain the reducing atmosphere according to the refining progress of the AOD furnace after the slag is white. And C, heating the molten steel in the step A20T furnace to 1545 ℃ for sampling analysis, sampling, and adding alloy according to the component requirement to adjust the components.
And C, in the step B, the 3T furnace molten steel always maintains a reducing atmosphere, al wires and 1.5kg/T Ca-Si are inserted into each batch according to the loading amount, 2 batches are added in total, and the deoxidizing effect is kept good. B, the tapping condition of the 20T molten steel in the step is that slag is removed by 80%, and the tapping temperature is 1600+/-20 ℃; the chemical components meet the target requirement of the surface intermediate frequency furnace, the ladle mixing requirement is well baked, the ladle temperature is 830 ℃, and then the ladle is transferred to an AOD station in time.
And D, the molten steel in the step C arrives at a station, and a steel sample is obtained for reference. And (3) adding steel: the bottom pad lime 810 kg/furnace. After the ladle is added in place, a main gun is started to supply Ar gas, an auxiliary gun supplies Ar gas in the whole process, and after the Ar gas is normally supplied, the ladle can be tilted to be added with steel. The smelting points of the AOD furnace are as follows: the total CaO addition in the AOD converting period is required to be 2.8 tons/furnace. The method is divided into a first-stage decarburization, a second-stage decarburization, a third-stage decarburization, a fourth-stage decarburization and a reduction stage, wherein the main purpose of decarburization is to achieve the purpose of removing gas by reducing the content of C, and the steel is tapped after 70% of slag is automatically discharged in the reduction stage.
And E, transferring the 3T and 20T molten steel obtained in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire for 3M/ton according to the Al component in the furnace, adding a proper amount of Al powder (Al is controlled according to 0.2 wt%) and Ca-Si powder for diffusion deoxidation, sampling white slag, finely adjusting the components except Ti, alloying, opening a ladle car to remove 60% of slag at the temperature of 1590+/-10 ℃, adding sponge Ti to adjust Ti to 0.32wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of the LF furnace, and statically blowing Ar for 16min, wherein the ladle temperature is controlled according to 1510+/-10 ℃.
And F, pouring the molten steel in the step E into the electrode rod, and calming for 12min after LF tapping. And adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding case to protect casting. Demoulding after 4.5h, and air cooling after demoulding.
Step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to forge a corresponding finished product by using a proper forging process.
Example 4
Taking sample 4 as an example, the inclusion of the high-temperature alloy is removed by adopting a non-vacuum induction furnace, and the specific method is as follows:
and (A) preparing alloy according to the element component proportion, smelting through a3T furnace and a20T furnace by a non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1520 ℃, the power of the 20T furnace is gradually increased, the normal stage material power is 7000KW, the temperature is measured after the melting is completed, and the high-power continuous heating is kept. Adjusting the content of each element in the smelting process to ensure that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement and preparing molten steel;
and B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel in the step A3T furnace to 1520 ℃ for deoxidation, and keeping good deoxidation effect. And (5) adding a small amount of aluminum powder to maintain the reducing atmosphere according to the refining progress of the AOD furnace after the slag is white. And C, heating the molten steel in the step A20T furnace to 1555 ℃ for sampling analysis, sampling, and adding alloy according to the component requirement to adjust the components.
And C, in the step B, the 3T furnace molten steel always maintains a reducing atmosphere, al wires and 1.5kg/T Ca-Si are inserted into each batch according to the loading amount, 2 batches are added in total, and the deoxidizing effect is kept good. B, the tapping condition of the 20T molten steel in the step is that slag is removed by 80%, and the tapping temperature is 1600+/-20 ℃; the chemical components meet the target requirement of the surface intermediate frequency furnace, the ladle mixing requirement is well baked, the ladle temperature is 815 ℃, and then the ladle is transferred to an AOD station in time.
And D, the molten steel in the step C arrives at a station, and a steel sample is obtained for reference. And (3) adding steel: the bottom pad lime 805 kg/furnace. After the ladle is added in place, a main gun is started to supply Ar gas, an auxiliary gun supplies Ar gas in the whole process, and after the Ar gas is normally supplied, the ladle can be tilted to be added with steel. The smelting points of the AOD furnace are as follows: the total CaO addition during the AOD converting period required 2.7 tons/furnace. The method is divided into a first-stage decarburization, a second-stage decarburization, a third-stage decarburization, a fourth-stage decarburization and a reduction stage, wherein the main purpose of decarburization is to achieve the purpose of removing gas by reducing the content of C, and the steel is tapped after 70% of slag is automatically discharged in the reduction stage.
And E, transferring the 3T and 20T molten steel obtained in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire for 3M/ton according to the Al component in the furnace, adding a proper amount of Al powder (Al is controlled according to 0.2 wt%) and Ca-Si powder for diffusion deoxidation, sampling white slag, finely adjusting the components except Ti, alloying, opening a ladle car to remove 70% of slag at the temperature of 1590+/-10 ℃, adding sponge Ti to adjust Ti to 0.34wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of the LF furnace, and statically blowing Ar for 18min, wherein the ladle temperature is controlled according to 1510+/-10 ℃.
And F, pouring the molten steel in the step E into the electrode rod, and calming for 16min after LF tapping. And adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding case to protect casting. Demoulding after 4.5h, and air cooling after demoulding.
Step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to forge a corresponding finished product by using a proper forging process.
Comparative example 1
According to the method of the embodiment 1, the smelting mode is changed into vacuum and electroslag, the step ABCDEF is changed, and smelting is carried out according to the mode of a vacuum furnace, and the specific steps are as follows:
and A, preparing alloy according to the component proportions, smelting by a 6T vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 6T furnace is 1540 ℃, smelting until refining gradually increases power, normalizing the material power by 1000KW, measuring the temperature after full smelting, and keeping high power and continuously heating until refining. Adjusting the content of each element in the smelting process to ensure that the weight ratio of each element meets the design requirement and preparing molten steel;
step B, recording vacuum degree every 30min, wherein the splashing is serious, the power can be reduced, and the temperature of molten steel in the furnace in the step A is measured at the temperature of T=1440 ℃ after the molten steel is completely melted;
step C, the temperature of molten steel in the step B is regulated to be T=1540deg.C, power is regulated and stirred once every 12min, and refining time is more than or equal to 120min;
step D, stopping the film formation of the molten steel in the step C, filling Ar10000Pa, fully stirring for a certain time, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1, and then adjusting the component stirring;
e, adjusting the temperature of the molten steel in the step D to 1500 ℃, tapping, and recording casting time;
f, cooling the molten steel furnace in the step E for 60min to break the air, and cooling the molten steel furnace in the step E for more than 40 min;
step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to forge a corresponding finished product by using a proper forging process.
The performance of the steel ingots obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 was tested. The test content comprises: inclusion grade of steel ingot material (50 samples were tested, inclusion grade in samples was counted, and average inclusion result of samples was taken as final result), and surface crack rate (1000 samples were tested, and appearance of macroscopic cracks on the surface of samples was counted). The test results are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
The high-temperature alloy material prepared by the method is smelted under a non-vacuum condition, al powder, si-Ca powder and other elements are added before tapping, and then the alloy material enters an AOD furnace for decarburization and desulfurization treatment, and the main purpose is to obtain the low-carbon alloy. The LF furnace has remarkable deoxidization and desulfurization effects, strong inclusion removal capability and good contact reaction between molten steel and slag so as to improve the purity of the material. And carrying out secondary smelting by adopting a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace to ensure that the internal inclusion clusters are adsorbed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to specific embodiments, and that the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The method for removing the high-temperature alloy inclusion by using the non-vacuum induction furnace is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight:
c: 0.015-0.03%, si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.001 percent, cr:27.0 to 31.0 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Al: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, ti: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, mo: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, co: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.2 percent, fe:7.0 to 11.0 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the balance of Ni is more than or equal to 58 percent;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing alloy according to the element composition ratio, smelting by a3T non-vacuum induction furnace and a20T non-vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature of the 3T furnace is 1510-1530 ℃, the melting power of the 20T furnace is 6000-8000 KW, measuring the temperature after the raw materials are completely smelted, keeping the same power, and continuously heating to refine molten steel;
step B, maintaining the temperature of the molten steel of the 3T furnace in the step A at 1510-1530 ℃ for deoxidization, supplementing aluminum powder according to the refining progress condition of the AOD furnace after slag whitening to maintain a reducing atmosphere, and heating the molten steel of the 20T furnace in the step A to 1540-1560 ℃;
c, maintaining the reducing atmosphere of the 3T furnace molten steel in the step B, inserting 1kg/T of Al wire and 1.5kg/T of Ca-Si for deoxidization, and tapping the 20T furnace molten steel in the step B after deslagging to 80 percent at the temperature of 1600+/-20 ℃; adding steel ladle, controlling the temperature of the steel ladle to be more than or equal to 800 ℃, and then transferring to an AOD station;
step D, adding steel: after 800kg of furnace bottom bedding stone ash is added into a ladle in place, ar gas is supplied, the furnace is added into the ladle after normal gas supply, and the AOD converting period is divided into a first-stage decarburization period, a second-stage decarburization period, a third-stage decarburization period, a fourth-stage decarburization period and a reduction period, and 70% of automatic slag flowing in the reduction period is tapped;
e, transferring the 3T molten steel and the 20T molten steel in the step D to an LF station, inserting an Al wire, heating up to supplement slag charge, adding Al powder to control the content of Al to be 0.2wt%, performing diffusion deoxidation on Ca-Si powder, sampling slag white, opening a ladle car at 1590+/-10 ℃ to remove 50-80%, adding sponge Ti to adjust the content of Ti to be 0.3-0.35 wt%, homogenizing the sponge Ti, closing a cover of an LF furnace, blowing Ar for more than or equal to 15min, and controlling the ladle hanging temperature to be 1510+/-10 ℃;
f, pouring the molten steel obtained in the step E into an electrode rod, calming for more than or equal to 10 minutes after tapping in an LF furnace, adopting carbon-free covering slag, ar gas and a shielding cover for protection pouring, demoulding after pouring, and air cooling after demoulding;
step G, taking the electrode rod in the step D as an electrode, flathead and turning light, and then placing the electrode rod in a protective atmosphere electroslag furnace for secondary remelting and purification to form an electroslag ingot;
and step H, heating the electroslag ingot prepared in the step G to 1170 ℃, and forging a finished product after heat preservation.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the content of each element is adjusted during smelting to meet the design requirements in terms of weight ratio.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, sampling analysis is performed after the temperature of the molten steel in the 20T furnace is raised to 1540-1560 ℃, and alloy components are adjusted according to the proportioning requirements.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step C, 2 batches of 1kg/tAl wire and 1.5kg/tCa-Si deoxygenation are added together.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step D, the total CaO addition during the AOD converting period is 2.5 t/furnace.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step E, al wire is inserted in an amount of 3M/ton.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step F, demolding is performed more than 4 hours after casting.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step G, the composition of the protective atmosphere electroslag is: al (Al) 2 O 3 ：MgO：CaO：CaF 2 ＝20：5：10：65。
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step H, the incubation time is 4H.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step H, the forging process is: initial forging temperature 1050 ℃ and final forging temperature 945 ℃.
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