CN116854980A - 一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及古树养护技术领域,且公开了一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物及其应用,修补树洞的关键在于如何防止其进一步腐烂,制备的含羟基的季铵盐长链硅氧烷因具有抗菌的季铵盐结构,将疏水性季铵盐引入亲水的聚氨酯分子链中,有利于聚氨酯发泡剂的制备,表现出良好的抗菌耐久性;此外树洞还需要防水处理,而硅氧键的引入,不仅促进了与聚氨酯有良好的相容性,还可以提高材料的耐水性能;同时,树洞还需要有效隔离有害昆虫,而吡唑类化合物具有极高的活性和高效低毒的抗虫性;另外将改性后聚氨酯加入发泡剂进行发泡,能够完全填补树洞部分,保证了古树能够正常生长的同时提高了其观赏价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及古树养护技术领域,具体为一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物及其应用。
背景技术
古树名木,不仅仅是单纯的观赏性植物,其本身也属于珍贵的保护资源,有珍贵的药用研究价值,在生态平衡的维持上也具有极其重要的作用;但是一些古树由于古树生存环境遭到人为破坏或是年久失护等原因,外露的木质部受雨水冲刷、浸渍逐渐造成虫蛀腐烂,造成树干内部形成中空,在树干上会形成各种各样的树洞,不仅影响树木的生长发育,还可能破坏生态环境结构,降低观赏性,因此对古树损伤的部位进行“急救”具有十分重要的历史文化意义。
一些古树木干上的空洞藏污纳垢,需要及时填补,否则损伤部位就会扩大蔓延,以至危及树木的性命;近年来,各学者在古树保护树洞填充上做了很多研究,目前常用的一些修补技术如水泥、砖石修补法等,但是水泥砂浆与树木组织结合性较差,一般修复几年后树洞口周边的活细胞形成环状愈合结痂,会向外推动和挤压已经凝固的水泥块,产生缝隙进而破坏古树整体造型,影响古树的正常生长;专利号CN100581347C公开了一种聚氨酯硬泡在古树名木复壮及养护中的应用,用钢筋和铁丝网连接成不定形状,放进树洞内,作内支撑,将发泡剂异氰酸酯和聚醚两种液体按比例进行混合搅拌后,倒入树洞中,外边用预制模具固定封闭,在上面压树皮状纹或钉上一层真树皮,制备的聚氨酯硬泡防水抗压,收张性与树木本身接近,能与树干紧密结合,能够有效地防止树体继续受损,但是制备出的聚氨酯材料不符合木质部的生长规律,导致填充部位发生龟裂,滋生病虫害,进一步导致心材层的腐烂;本发明在现有基础上,利用聚氨酯泡沫良好的收缩性和延展性,对聚氨酯进行改性,改性的聚氨酯泡沫具有季铵盐的抗菌性和吡啶的抗虫性,将其填入树洞中,使得古树够有效的防止病虫害的侵染,有效阻止原有树洞的继续腐化,且改性的聚氨酯泡沫不易与树体分离,与木材有较强的粘接强度,有利于古树的透气和生长。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物及其应用,解决了古树易腐烂和产生孔洞的问题。
(二)技术方案
所述古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法如下:
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在20-35℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至3-4,反应结束后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入对甲苯磺酸,反应结束后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷。
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入聚醚多元醇、催化剂三乙烯二胺和辛酸亚锡以及去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入甲苯二异氰酸酯,含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
优选的,所述步骤S1中各反应物按重量份计,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚为100份,(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷为210-260份。
优选的,所述步骤S1中反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间24-48h。
优选的,所述步骤S2中各反应物按重量份计,含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷为100份,1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸为30-38份,对甲苯磺酸为6-15份。
优选的,所述步骤S2中反应温度为100-130℃,反应时间为12-24h。
优选的,所述步骤S3中各组分按重量份计,聚醚多元醇为100份,三乙烯二胺为0.6-1.0份,辛酸亚锡为0.2-0.5份,去离子水为9-15份,甲苯二异氰酸酯为30-50份,含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷为2-15份。
(三)有益的技术效果
本发明首先利用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚与(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷在冰醋酸的催化作用下,制备得到含羟基的季铵盐长链硅氧烷,然后再与吡啶酸在对甲苯磺酸的参与下得到含吡啶环的季铵盐硅氧烷,最后在聚醚多元醇,甲苯二异氰酸酯及催化剂和发泡剂的作用下得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
修补树洞的关键在于如何防止洞内木质的进一步腐烂,本发明首先制备的含羟基的季铵盐长链硅氧烷因具有抗菌的季铵盐结构,将疏水性季铵盐引入亲水的聚氨酯分子链中,有利于杀菌剂吸附到细菌表面,保持抗菌性能体现良好的抗菌耐久性;此外树洞还需要防水处理,而硅氧键的引入,利用Si-O键长的优势,不仅促进了与聚氨酯有良好的相容性,还可以提高材料的耐水性能和耐老化性能;同时,树洞还需要有效隔离有害昆虫,而吡唑类化合物具有极高的活性,高效低毒的抗虫性和具有结构多样性;另外将季铵盐和吡唑改性后聚氨酯加入发泡剂进行发泡,使其像面包一样膨胀,能够完全填补孔洞部分,对孔洞内部凹凸严重的情况非常有效,不仅防止填充物向外流出,还可以防止他外部有害物质进入,保证了古树能够正常生长的同时增加了其观赏价值。
附图说明
图1是含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷制备示意图。
图2是含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷制备示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于对本发明中的实施例,本领域不同技术人员没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、220份(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在25℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至4,在100℃反应28h后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、30份1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入10份对甲苯磺酸,在110℃反应20h后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷。
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、0.6份三乙烯二胺和0.5份辛酸亚锡以及12份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入40份甲苯二异氰酸酯,2份含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
实施例2
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、260份(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在35℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至3,在80℃反应24h后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、35份1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入10份对甲苯磺酸,在130℃反应18h后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷。
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、0.8份三乙烯二胺和0.25份辛酸亚锡以及9份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入35份甲苯二异氰酸酯,6份含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
实施例3
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、230份(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在35℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至3,在100℃反应32h后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、38份1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入14份对甲苯磺酸,在120℃反应20h后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷。
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、0.8份三乙烯二胺和0.4份辛酸亚锡以及14份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入50份甲苯二异氰酸酯,10份含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
实施例4
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、250份(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在25℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至4,在90℃反应48h后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、33份1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入15份对甲苯磺酸,在100℃反应24h后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷。
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、1.0份三乙烯二胺和0.5份辛酸亚锡以及10份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入45份甲苯二异氰酸酯,15份含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
对比例1
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入按重量份计的100份乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、220份(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在25℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至4,在100℃反应28h后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷。
步骤S2、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、催化剂1.0份三乙烯二胺和0.5份辛酸亚锡以及10份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入45份甲苯二异氰酸酯,15份含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到含季铵盐的干腐树洞清理组合物。
对比例2
步骤S1、向反应瓶中依次加入按重量份计的100份聚醚多元醇、2份有机硅匀泡剂,0.8份三乙烯二胺和0.4份辛酸亚锡以及14份去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入50份甲苯二异氰酸酯,15份1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到含吡唑的干腐树洞清理组合物。
抗菌性能测试:通过振荡摇瓶法对样品进行抗菌性测试。
将聚氨酯泡沫裁剪成2cm×2cm的样片,乙醇洗净后加入到活化后的浓度为1×105cfu/mL-5×105cfu/mL的菌悬液中,然后置于300r/min的震荡摇床上,振摇5min,然后取2mL的菌悬液稀释至100倍;吸取1mL振荡后的样液,在琼脂上接种,自然光下,37℃培养48h。
抑菌率(%) | 抑菌圈直径(mm) | |
实施例1 | 89.3 | 7.3 |
实施例2 | 95.1 | 8.5 |
实施例3 | 98.6 | 9.4 |
实施例4 | 99.8 | 10.6 |
对比例1 | 83.5 | 7.2 |
对比例2 | 65.4 | 6.3 |
由上表可知,随着干腐树洞清理组合物中季铵盐含量的增加,对大肠杆菌的抑菌率逐步增加,实施例4中达到99.8%,对比例2中不含季铵盐,但是抑菌率仍达到65.4%,是因为吡唑类物质的化学结构属于酚类衍生物,具有类似于苯酚的抑菌作用;抑菌圈直径也从对比例2中不含季铵盐的6.3mm增加到10.6mm,说明制备的季铵盐类化合物可以吸附带负电荷的细菌,引起细胞壁的结构损坏,从而对细菌有较强的抗菌作用。
小菜蛾活性测定:采用浸液法,先配制好待测药液,用镊子浸渍橄榄叶片3-5s,等药液烘干后,放入标记的10cm长的直型管内,接入2龄小菜蛾50头,纱布盖好管口,48h检测结果,计算幼虫的死亡率。
稻飞虱活性测定:采用浸稻芽法,将长10-12cm的水稻幼苗浸入相应的处理药液中,浸没3-5s后取出,将稻飞虱幼虫放在报纸上摊开吸干多余的药液,再植入100mL透明饲养瓶中,保温保湿饲养48h,计算幼虫的死亡率。
死亡率=(死虫数/供试虫数)×100%
小菜蛾死亡率(%) | 稻飞虱死亡率(%) | |
实施例1 | 72 | 66 |
实施例2 | 78 | 70 |
实施例3 | 88 | 74 |
实施例4 | 96 | 86 |
对比例1 | 18 | 22 |
对比例2 | 78 | 60 |
由上表可知,随着聚氨酯泡沫中吡唑含量的增加,制备的干腐树洞清理组合物对小菜蛾的杀死率最高可达到96%,对稻飞虱的杀死率也可达到86%,说明含吡唑类的化合物具有较高的抗虫性,更适合杀虫剂推广;而不含吡唑结构的对比例1对两种幼虫的有较小的致死率,说明季铵盐有一定的抗虫性,但是远不及吡唑类化合物;因此将树洞的填充物中同时引入季铵盐和吡唑环,不仅可以阻止树洞的进一步腐烂,还具有抗虫的功效,保证了古树的正常生长。
根据上述说明书的揭示,本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内,应当指出,对于本领域技术的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法如下:
步骤S1、向无水四氢呋喃溶剂中依次加入乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀,在20-35℃下加入冰醋酸,调节体系pH至3-4,反应结束后浓缩,乙酸乙酯重结晶得到含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷;
步骤S2、向无水甲苯溶剂中依次加入含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷、1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸,搅拌均匀后加入对甲苯磺酸,反应结束后,用石油醚洗涤,分液浓缩后得到含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷;
步骤S3、向反应瓶中依次加入聚醚多元醇、催化剂三乙烯二胺和辛酸亚锡以及去离子水,搅拌均匀后加入甲苯二异氰酸酯,含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷,搅拌至体系发白时转移至发泡箱进行发泡,得到古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中各反应物按重量份计,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚为100份,(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷为210-260份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间24-48h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中各反应物按重量份计,含羟基的季铵盐型长链硅氧烷为100份,1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸为30-38份,对甲苯磺酸为6-15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中反应温度为100-130℃,反应时间为12-24h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的古树养护用干腐树洞清理组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中各组分按重量份计,聚醚多元醇为100份,三乙烯二胺为0.6-1.0份,辛酸亚锡为0.2-0.5份,去离子水为9-15份,甲苯二异氰酸酯为30-50份,含吡唑环的季铵盐硅氧烷为2-15份。
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