CN116854084A - Method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using rapid joule heat and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using rapid joule heat and application Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polycyclic aromatic compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/205—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of novel carbon materials and electrochemistry. Specifically, a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and expanded graphite is used as a precursor, joule heat generated by pulse discharge enables the solid precursor to bear instantaneous high temperature, and then the solid precursor is rapidly cooled to be diffracted into highly ordered mesoporous carbon spheres in a very short time. The preparation of the highly graphitized carbon nanomaterial of the expanded graphite loaded mesoporous carbon is realized by changing the pretreatment process, the joule heat discharge parameters and other conditions and regulating and controlling the particle size and graphitization degree of the mesoporous carbon. The method does not involve solvents or special gas atmosphere, and the preparation process is environment-friendly, simple and easy to implement. The prepared graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material is applied to a potassium ion battery, shows enhanced electrochemical energy storage property, and provides a thinking for efficient preparation and performance optimization of graphitized mesoporous carbon.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of novel carbon materials and electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a method for preparing hollow graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by taking polycyclic aromatic compounds and expanded graphite as raw materials and utilizing fast joule heat and application thereof.
Background
The development of high-performance lithium ion batteries is important for regulating the energy output of intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like. In the foreseeable future, the high cost and limited availability of lithium resources will prevent further use of lithium in this field. The potassium ion battery is an ideal substitute for large-scale energy storage of the lithium ion battery, and is widely focused by people due to the fact that the potassium ion battery is rich in resources and low in cost, so that the potassium ion battery gradually becomes a research hotspot in the field of current new energy materials. Graphite-based materials exhibit surprising electrochemical activity as anodes for potassium ion batteries because their layered structure can be used for potassium ion intercalation and low plateau potential is not only suitable for electrode materials with high operating voltages and high energy densities, but also avoids the formation of potassium dendrites and associated safety problems.
The expanded graphite is used as a low-cost derivative of graphite, is composed of abundant nano sheets, and has the advantages of multi-scale pore structure, moderate specific surface, excellent thermal/electric conductivity and the like. However, because strong pi-pi interaction force exists between the nano-sheets, the product is easy to form sheet stacking and agglomeration, the actual specific surface area is far smaller than the theoretical specific surface area, and the capacitance performance is not high. The expanded graphite is used as a carbon carrier to be inserted into a nano material between layers, such as a micro-nano carbon material with high conductivity, high specific surface area and high stability, and the composite electrode material with improved comprehensive electrochemical performance is hopeful to be obtained. Graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere, i.e. graphene sphere, is a sphere prepared by sp 3 The hybrid orbital-bonded three-dimensional nanomaterial can provide a spatial barrier to inhibit stacking of graphene nanoplatelets while maintaining superior electrochemical performance of graphene itself. Common preparation methods of the graphene spheres include a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, a template method, a carbonization coating method and the like. Unfortunately, although the above-described method imparts materialExcellent physical and chemical properties, but the defects of complicated processing, high cost, strict condition control and the like prevent the wide application of the material in industrial production. Therefore, the graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere with simple preparation process is designed, macro control is realized, and the graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere has important practical significance and application value for obtaining the carbon electrode material with high energy storage property.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complicated method, high cost and strict control conditions of the existing method for preparing the graphene spheres, the application provides a method for preparing high-purity graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using a rapid joule heating technology. The method is simple, the operation is simple, and industrialization is easy to realize. The composite carbon material prepared by the method has high graphitization degree, high conductivity and high specific capacitance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast Joule heat comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing two raw materials according to a mass ratio of 1:5-30 by taking expanded graphite as a carrier and a conductive additive and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds as a carbon source to obtain a mixture;
step 2, placing the mixture obtained in the step into an autoclave, heating to 40-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2-10 hours, and taking out the polycyclic aromatic compound/expanded graphite precursor wrapped on the surface of the expanded graphite by crystals after cooling;
and 3, converting the polycyclic aromatic compound/expanded graphite precursor prepared in the step 2 into a turbine-like graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere by utilizing high voltage, high heat and high pressure of fast Joule heat, and loading the turbine-like graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere on the surface of the expanded graphite to obtain the graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere.
Further, the mass ratio of the expanded graphite to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is 1:8-15.
Further, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is any one of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and derivatives thereof.
Further, the treatment temperature in the step 2 is 100-350 ℃.
Further, the constant temperature time in the step 2 is 6-10 h.
Further, the discharge time of the fast joule heat in the step 3 is 0.5 to 5s.
Further, the pretreatment capacitance voltage of the fast joule heat in the step 3 is 20-80V.
Further, the pretreatment times of the fast joule heat in the step 3 are 1 to 10 times.
Further, the capacitance voltage of the fast joule heat in the step 3 is 90-220V.
Further, the number of discharge times of the rapid joule heat in the step 3 is 1 to 5.
The present application relates to a low cost, environmentally friendly, recyclable, scalable and sustainable fast joule heating technology (FJH) that utilizes capacitive high current discharge to convert polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds into a stable, naturally occurring carbon form, i.e., graphene, on a large scale. The process does not use a furnace, solvent or reactive gas, and produces so-called derivatized graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres with a turbine structure between stacked graphene layers in less than 1 second. Compared with the currently used method for preparing the graphene carbon material, the FJH technology synthesis method has the advantages of environment friendliness, high efficiency, convenience, high quality of the obtained graphene product, few structural defects and the like. The expanded graphite in the composite material prepared by the application has high conductivity, is used as a conductive additive, is beneficial to forming a conductive network, and improves the electronic conductivity of the graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres; (ii) The expanded graphite can be used as a carrier material with a special structure to disperse aggregation of graphene spheres; (iii) Graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres in turn can provide a spatial barrier preventing the re-stacking of expanded graphite nanoplatelets. The graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite electrode prepared by the application has excellent multiplying power performance when being applied to a potassium ion battery, and in addition, graphitized mesoporous carbon has potential application space in other aspects such as super capacitor electrodes, catalysis and functional materials.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:
1. the method for preparing the graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres is environment-friendly, simple and efficient.
2. In the fast Joule heat process, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is used as a carbon source, the high-conductivity and low-cost expanded graphite is used as a conductive additive and a load matrix, and the generated Joule heat rapidly reduces the temperature of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound with poor conductivity after the temperature is raised to high temperature, so that the volatilization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is avoided, and the conversion to the high-quality graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere with high purity and few defects is realized.
3. And the load of the graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres on the expanded graphite with the multi-scale pore structure is realized in the fast Joule heating process. The expanded graphite disperses the aggregation of graphene spheres, which in turn can provide a spatial barrier preventing the re-stacking of expanded graphite nanoplatelets.
4. Compared with the traditional synthesis method, the FJH process does not contain any solvent, catalyst or reaction gas, and the prepared graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres/expanded graphite show remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance when used as the anode of the potassium ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of an anthracene/expanded graphite precursor in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a high power transmission electron micrograph of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared in example 1;
fig. 6 is a rate capability test of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared in example 1 assembled into a half cell of a potassium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to examples to better understand the protection of the application, but it should be noted that the protection of the application is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Example 1 provides an anthracene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
the expanded graphite and naphthalene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:8. And then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and heating the mixture to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min for 8 hours at constant temperature to prepare the anthracene/expanded graphite precursor product. 120mg of precursor anthracene/expanded graphite powder is transferred into a customized quartz tube, the loaded powder is compressed by using a copper gasket as an electrode, the copper gasket is contacted with a sample, and a tungsten carbide cylindrical rod is connected with a circuit. The initial resistance is controlled to be within 2Ω. Before the reaction, the FJH reaction box is vacuumized, so that the air pressure in the box is reduced to 0.02 atmosphere. Then, the capacitor bank is charged by a direct current power supply, and parameters are set: the capacitor voltage is preprocessed by 50V for 5 times, the capacitor voltage is applied by 90V for 2 times. After the reaction was completed, the device was rapidly cooled to room temperature and the capacitor bank was ensured to be completely discharged. Subsequently, the product is collected.
Example 2
The expanded graphite and the anthracene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:8. Then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the stainless steel reaction kettle in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and setting the capacitor voltage at 90V, 110V, 130V, 150V, 180V, 200V and 220V for 2 times by adopting the process method of the embodiment 1. Subsequently, the product is collected. The corresponding anthracene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite materials under different fast joule thermoelectric voltages are obtained.
Example 3
Example 3 provides a naphthalene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
the expanded graphite and naphthalene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10. And then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and heating the mixture to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min for 10 hours at constant temperature to prepare a naphthalene/expanded graphite precursor product. 120mg of precursor naphthalene/expanded graphite powder is transferred into a customized quartz tube, the loaded powder is compressed by using a copper gasket as an electrode, the copper gasket is contacted with a sample, and a tungsten carbide cylindrical rod is connected with a circuit. The initial resistance is controlled to be within 2Ω. Before the reaction, the FJH reaction box is vacuumized, so that the air pressure in the box is reduced to 0.02 atmosphere. Then, the capacitor bank is charged by a direct current power supply, and parameters are set: the capacitor voltage is preprocessed by 50V for 5 times, the capacitor voltage is applied by 90V for 2 times. After the reaction was completed, the device was rapidly cooled to room temperature and the capacitor bank was ensured to be completely discharged. Subsequently, the product is collected. Thus obtaining the naphthalene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material.
Example 4
The expanded graphite and naphthalene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10. Then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the stainless steel reaction kettle in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and setting the capacitor voltage at 90V, 110V, 130V, 150V, 180V, 200V and 220V for 2 times by adopting the process method of the embodiment 3. Subsequently, the product is collected. The corresponding naphthalene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material under different joule thermoelectric voltages is obtained.
Example 5
Example 5 provides a phenanthrene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
the expanded graphite and phenanthrene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10. And then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the stainless steel reaction kettle in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and preferably heating the mixture to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min for 5 hours at constant temperature to prepare the phenanthrene/expanded graphite precursor product. 120mg of precursor phenanthrene/expanded graphite powder is transferred into a customized quartz tube, a copper gasket is used as an electrode to compress the loaded powder, the copper gasket is in contact with a sample, and a tungsten carbide cylindrical rod is connected with a circuit. The initial resistance is controlled to be within 2Ω. Before the reaction, the FJH reaction box is vacuumized, so that the air pressure in the box is reduced to 0.02 atmosphere. Then, the capacitor bank is charged by a direct current power supply, and parameters are set: the capacitor voltage was preprocessed 20V for 3 times, applied 110V for 2 times, and discharged. After the reaction was completed, the device was rapidly cooled to room temperature and the capacitor bank was ensured to be completely discharged. Subsequently, the product is collected.
Example 6
The expanded graphite and phenanthrene with the purity of 98% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:10. And then sealing the mixture in a specially-made stainless steel reaction kettle filled with argon, placing the stainless steel reaction kettle in a muffle furnace for pretreatment, and setting the capacitor voltage at 90V, 110V, 130V, 150V, 180V, 200V and 220V for 2 times by adopting the process method of the embodiment 5. Subsequently, the product is collected. The corresponding naphthalene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material under different joule thermoelectric voltages is obtained.
Example 7
Comparative examples 1 to 6, example 7, in which the expanded graphite was directly mixed with naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, respectively, in a mass ratio of 1:10, was not subjected to pretreatment. And respectively transferring 120mg of 3 kinds of mixture powder into a customized quartz tube, compressing the loaded powder by using a copper gasket as an electrode, contacting the copper gasket with a sample, and connecting a tungsten carbide cylindrical rod with a circuit. The initial resistance is controlled to be within 2Ω. Before the reaction, the FJH reaction box is vacuumized, so that the air pressure in the box is reduced to 0.02 atmosphere. Then, the capacitor bank is charged by a direct current power supply, and parameters are set: the capacitor voltage is preprocessed for 20V, preprocessed for 5 times, and the capacitor voltage is applied for 120V, and the discharging time is 1 time. After the reaction was completed, the device was rapidly cooled to room temperature and the capacitor bank was ensured to be completely discharged. Subsequently, the product is collected.
Analysis of results:
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of an anthracene/expanded graphite precursor prepared according to example 1, and it is apparent from the image that anthracene is coated on the surface of expanded graphite in a crystal form. FIG. 2 is a graph showing that the anthracene derivative graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material obtained after fast Joule heating according to example 1 has a uniform size and a particle size of about 30-40nm. FIG. 3 is an anthracene derivative stone according to example 1 at 200nmThe transmission electron microscope photograph of the inked mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material can show that the graphene spheres have the appearance of the grape cluster with the interconnection structure in the three-dimensional space. FIG. 4 is a high-power transmission electron microscope photograph of the anthracene-derived graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere/expanded graphite composite material prepared according to example 1 under the condition of 20nm, wherein the material has a typical hollow nano cage morphology, and can effectively reduce the diffusion length of ions in a solid phase, so that better electrochemical dynamics is obtained to ensure excellent rate performance. As can be seen from the X-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 5, after rapid Joule thermal discharge, there is a very sharp strong diffraction peak at the position of 25 degrees 2 theta and no other impurities, corresponding to the C002 characteristic peak, indicating that anthracene is completely converted into highly graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres. When the material is used as a cathode material of a potassium ion battery, the multiplying power performance of the material is shown as figure 6 and is 0.1Ag -1 The charging capacity under the current density of (3) can reach 309.8mAh g -1 At 2.0A g -1 Can still keep 175.1mAh g under the current density of (2) -1 Is a reversible capacity of (a).
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. While the foregoing describes illustrative embodiments of the present application to facilitate an understanding of the present application by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but is to be construed as protected by the accompanying claims insofar as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present application as defined and defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using the rapid joule heat is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, uniformly mixing two raw materials according to a mass ratio of 1:5-30 by taking expanded graphite as a carrier and a conductive additive and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds as a carbon source to obtain a mixture;
step 2, placing the mixture obtained in the step into an autoclave, heating to 40-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2-10 hours, and taking out the polycyclic aromatic compound/expanded graphite precursor wrapped on the surface of the expanded graphite by crystals after cooling;
and 3, converting the polycyclic aromatic compound/expanded graphite precursor prepared in the step 2 into a turbine-like graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere by utilizing high voltage, high heat and high pressure of fast Joule heat, and loading the turbine-like graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere on the surface of the expanded graphite to obtain the graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere.
2. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the expanded graphite to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is 1:8-15.
3. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is any one of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and derivatives thereof.
4. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the treatment temperature in the step 2 is 100-350 ℃.
5. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the constant temperature time in the step 2 is 6-10 h.
6. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the discharge time of the fast joule heat in the step 3 is 0.5-5 s.
7. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fast Joule heat in the step 3 needs pretreatment, and the pretreated capacitance voltage is 20-80V; the pretreatment times are 1-10 times.
8. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the capacitance voltage of the fast joule heat in the step 3 is 90-220V.
9. The method for preparing graphitized mesoporous carbon spheres by using fast joule heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the discharge time of the fast Joule heat in the step 3 is 1-5 times.
10. Use of a graphitized mesoporous carbon sphere according to any one of claims 1 to 9 as an electrode in an ion battery, using a rapid joule heating method.
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