CN116844774A - 硅橡胶耐高温电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆及其制备方法。该硅橡胶绝缘耐高温电缆包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨外护套,导体外包裹着绝缘层构成线芯,绝缘层采用耐高温硅橡胶材料制成,线芯通过绞合缠绕在中心加强件上构成缆芯,中心加强件为表面覆盖一层耐高温硅橡胶材料的芳纶沙线,填充料为聚四氟乙烯,分布在防水内护套与缆芯的缝隙中,防水内护套采用防水硅橡胶材料,加强抗扭层为0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制而成,耐磨硅外护套采用耐磨硅橡胶材料。该电缆耐高温、防水、耐磨性能优异,且耐曲折性能等均得到了明显改善,电缆的使用寿命大幅提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,具体涉及一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
电力电缆主要是用于传输和分配电能的电缆,用于城市地下电网、发电站、高铁输电线路、轨道交通输电的电力传导线路中,在电力线路中,电缆所占的比重正逐渐增加,尤其是耐火电力电缆,其作为引出线,耐火性能不仅要好,同时要具有较强的机械性能。
现在电力电缆使用的环境越来越多样化,高温、低温、恶劣的气候、恶劣的环境等等都对常规电缆的使用提出了各种各样的难题,传统的硅橡胶绝缘电缆存在着耐高温差的缺点,电缆在受到高温后,抗拉性能大大降低,在电缆生产完成后,需要对电缆进行耐高温拉伸性能检测,目前的拉伸检测装置检测效率低,且操作起来较为繁琐。例如,现有技术的专利号CN112037982A公开了一种硅橡胶绝缘耐高温电缆,该电缆不仅耐高温性能优异,且耐曲折性能得到了明显改善,使用寿命大幅提高,但是不具有防水性能,电缆的耐磨损能力差。
现有技术文献:CN112037982A
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨硅外护套,通过如下步骤制备:
S1:将芳纶纱材料制成细线,再将绝缘层材料通过挤包工艺包覆在细线表面形成中心加强件;
S2:将多根导体进行绞合,形成均匀、紧密的绞线,再对绞线的外侧挤包绝缘层形成线芯;
S3:将多根线芯紧密排列,通过绞合紧紧缠绕在中心加强件表面形成缆芯;
S4:将防水硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包裹在缆芯表面形成防水内护套:
S5:将聚四氟乙烯材料填满整个防水内护套与缆芯之间的缝隙;
S6:将0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制成一层细网,覆盖在防水内护套上形成加强抗扭层;
S7:将耐磨硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包覆在加强抗扭层上,最终形成硅橡胶耐高温电缆。
所述耐高温硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
A1:按重量份计,将100份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、5~10份羟基硅油和0.1~0.5份月桂酸锌放入捏合机中得到混合物料,将30~45份气相白炭黑分批加入到混合物料中,每次投料10~15份,间隔1h,在100℃下混合均匀,放置4~8h,得到粗硅橡胶;
A2:将N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和苯乙烯和过氧化二苯甲酰加入到二甲苯中搅拌混合均匀得到混合溶液,其中N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯、过氧化二苯甲酰和二甲苯的摩尔比为1:1:1:0.01:5~10,取混合溶液的1/4加热至100~110℃,恒温反应1h,滴加剩余的混合溶液,滴加完毕继续反应3h,将氧化铈加入到无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得到改性氧化铈,其中氧化铈与3-氨丙基二乙基硅氧烷与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1:4~8:20~30,将改性氧化铈加入到反应后的混合溶液中搅拌,蒸出溶剂得到耐热改性剂;
N-环己基马来酰亚胺作为热稳定剂有着良好的耐热能力,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂中含有丙烯酸基团其聚合物有着良好的耐热性,N-环己基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂在过氧化二苯甲酰的作用下形成共聚物进一步增强了N-环己基马来酰亚胺的耐热性能,氧化铈的加入可以提高硅橡胶的外延起始热分解温度,通过氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷偶联改性N-环己基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂的共聚物再进一步提高耐热性能;
A3:将粗硅橡胶在压力0.04~0.08MPa,温度为120~170℃的条件下密炼2~5h得到混炼基胶,将混炼基胶与耐热剂按100:23~32的重量比混合,混匀后出料即可得到所述耐高温硅橡胶材料;
所述防水硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
B1:按摩尔计,将1份氨基苯乙炔和2份2-氟苯基异氰酸酯加入到100~400份四氯化碳中,充分混合,在惰性气体氛围、室温反应4~8h,加入1份氟异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续回流8~12h,蒸出溶剂,加入100~400份质量分数95%的乙醇溶液,在温度40~80℃的条件下回流4~12h,蒸出溶剂、洗涤干燥得到超支化聚硅氧烷;
氨基苯乙炔和2-氟苯基异氰酸酯中氨基异氰酸根发生反应生成含氟炔胺类物质,在于异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷发生反应,其中氟炔胺类物质作为支链,异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷作为主链发生聚合反应生成一种超支化聚硅氧烷,结构疏水,支链中引入了氟元素,表面能降低,表面张力增大,疏水能力增强;
B2:按重量份计,将20-30份超支化聚硅氧烷、40~60份氟硅橡胶、10~20份气相白炭黑和2~4份羟基硅油混合,在60~75℃的条件下,搅拌8~12mi n,加入25~30份高密度聚四氟乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125~145℃的条件下,混炼10~15mi n,加入3~5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2~5次,打卷、下片;
B3:将步骤B1制得的材料在温度为280~320℃的的条件下硫化90~150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至200~260℃硫化4~6h制得防水硅橡胶材料;
所述耐磨硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
C1:按重量份计,将1份石英石与1份玻璃纤维加入到10份无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入5份氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得混合液,取0.5份木质素加入5份质量分数20%的氢氧化钠溶液升温至80℃保温4h得到木质素碱液,过滤,滤液加入到混合液中,蒸干溶剂得到耐热剂;
石英石与玻璃纤维作为常见坚硬物质,作为添加物有助于提高聚合物的耐磨性,木质素经过氢氧化钠处理分解成小分子作为填充剂能够进入聚合物大分子孔洞中使聚合物结构更加紧密,经木质素通过氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷偶联改性石英石与玻璃纤维作为耐磨助剂能力得到增强;
C2:按重量份计,将30~50份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、10~20份气相法气相白炭黑、15~20份木质素改性玻璃纤维和35份羟基硅油混合,在55~65℃的条件下,搅拌10~15mi n,加入5~10份高密度聚乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125~145℃的条件下,混炼10~15mi n,加入3~5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2~5次,打卷、下片;
C3:将步骤C1制得的材料在温度为280~320℃的的条件下硫化90~150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至240~280℃硫化4~5h,冷却后造粒制得耐磨硅橡胶材料。
甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中添加石英粉与玻璃纤维这俩种坚硬物质来进行改性,增强硅橡胶的坚固程度,增加耐磨性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明的硅橡胶耐高温电缆的有益效果在于:
本发明提出的硅橡胶耐高温电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨外护套,有着良好的耐高温、防水、耐磨性能,且耐曲折性能得到了明显改善,使用寿命大幅提高,尤其可用于轨道交通、高铁输电电力线路中。
中心加强件和加强抗扭层采用芳纶材料增强电缆的耐曲折性能,绝缘层采用耐高温的硅橡胶材料构成能有效防止高温使绝缘层失去效果,其中制备耐高温硅橡胶时制备了一种耐高温助剂,N-环己基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂在过氧化二苯甲酰的作用下形成共聚物,加入氧化铈通过氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷偶联改性N-环己基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂的共聚物有着很高的耐热性能,防水内护套采用防水硅橡胶构成,其中由超支化聚硅氧烷材料构成,结构疏水,支链中引入了氟元素,表面能降低,表面张力增大,疏水能力增强,耐磨外护套由耐磨硅橡胶构成,加入经小分子木质素偶联改性石英石和玻璃纤维的耐磨助剂,小分子进入大分子加强结构稳定,石英石与玻璃纤维增强硬度。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种耐高温硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
A1:按重量份计,将100份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、5份羟基硅油和0.1份月桂酸锌放入捏合机中得到混合物料,将30份气相白炭黑分批加入到混合物料中,每次投料10份,间隔1h,在100℃下混合均匀,放置4h,得到粗硅橡胶;
A2:将N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和苯乙烯和过氧化二苯甲酰加入到二甲苯中搅拌混合均匀得到混合溶液,其中N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯、过氧化二苯甲酰和二甲苯的摩尔比为1:1:1:0.01:5,取混合溶液的1/4加热至100℃,恒温反应1h,滴加剩余的混合溶液,滴加完毕继续反应3h,将氧化铈加入到无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得到改性氧化铈,其中氧化铈与3-氨丙基二乙基硅氧烷与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1:4:20,将改性氧化铈加入到反应后的混合溶液中搅拌,蒸出溶剂得到耐热改性剂;
A3:将粗硅橡胶在压力0.04MPa,温度为120℃的条件下密炼2h得到混炼基胶,将混炼基胶与耐热剂按100:6的重量比混合,混匀后出料即可得到所述耐高温硅橡胶材料。
实施例2
一种耐高温硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
A1:按重量份计,将100份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、8份羟基硅油和0.3份月桂酸锌放入捏合机中得到混合物料,将39份气相白炭黑分批加入到混合物料中,每次投料13份,间隔1h,在100℃下混合均匀,放置6h,得到粗硅橡胶;
A2:将N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和苯乙烯和过氧化二苯甲酰加入到二甲苯中搅拌混合均匀得到混合溶液,其中N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯、过氧化二苯甲酰和二甲苯的摩尔比为1:1:1:0.01:8,取混合溶液的1/4加热至115℃,恒温反应1h,滴加剩余的混合溶液,滴加完毕继续反应3h,将氧化铈加入到无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得到改性氧化铈,其中氧化铈与3-氨丙基二乙基硅氧烷与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1:6:25,将改性氧化铈加入到反应后的混合溶液中搅拌,蒸出溶剂得到耐热改性剂;
A3:将粗硅橡胶在压力0.06MPa,温度为150℃的条件下密炼3h得到混炼基胶,将混炼基胶与耐热剂按100:7的重量比混合,混匀后出料即可得到所述耐高温硅橡胶材料。
实施例3
一种耐高温硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
A1:按重量份计,将100份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、10份羟基硅油和0.5份月桂酸锌放入捏合机中得到混合物料,将45份气相白炭黑分批加入到混合物料中,每次投料15份,间隔1h,在100℃下混合均匀,放置8h,得到粗硅橡胶;
A2:将N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和苯乙烯和过氧化二苯甲酰加入到二甲苯中搅拌混合均匀得到混合溶液,其中N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯、过氧化二苯甲酰和二甲苯的摩尔比为1:1:1:0.01:10,取混合溶液的1/4加热至110℃,恒温反应1h,滴加剩余的混合溶液,滴加完毕继续反应3h,将氧化铈加入到无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得到改性氧化铈,其中氧化铈与3-氨丙基二乙基硅氧烷与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1:8:30,将改性氧化铈加入到反应后的混合溶液中搅拌,蒸出溶剂得到耐热改性剂;
A3:将粗硅橡胶在压力0.08MPa,温度为170℃的条件下密炼5h得到混炼基胶,将混炼基胶与耐热剂按100:8的重量比混合,混匀后出料即可得到所述耐高温硅橡胶材料。
实施例4
一种防水硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
B1:按摩尔计,将1份氨基苯乙炔和2份2-氟苯基异氰酸酯加入到100份四氯化碳中,充分混合,在惰性气体氛围、室温反应4h,加入1份氟异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续回流8h,蒸出溶剂,加入100份质量分数95%的乙醇溶液,在温度40℃的条件下回流4h,蒸出溶剂、洗涤干燥得到超支化聚硅氧烷;
B2:按重量份计,将20份超支化聚硅氧烷、40份氟硅橡胶、10份气相白炭黑和2份羟基硅油混合,在60℃的条件下,搅拌8mi n,加入25份高密度聚四氟乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125℃的条件下,混炼10mi n,加入3份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2次,打卷、下片;
B3:将步骤B1制得的材料在温度为280℃的的条件下硫化90s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至200℃硫化4h制得防水硅橡胶材料。
实施例5
一种防水硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
B1:按摩尔计,将1份氨基苯乙炔和2份2-氟苯基异氰酸酯加入到200份四氯化碳中,充分混合,在惰性气体氛围、室温反应6h,加入1份氟异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续回流10h,蒸出溶剂,加入200份质量分数95%的乙醇溶液,在温度60℃的条件下回流8h,蒸出溶剂、洗涤干燥得到超支化聚硅氧烷;
B2:按重量份计,将30份超支化聚硅氧烷、50份氟硅橡胶、15份气相白炭黑和3份羟基硅油混合,在70℃的条件下,搅拌10mi n,加入28份高密度聚四氟乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在135℃的条件下,混炼13mi n,加入4份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通3次,打卷、下片;
B3:将步骤B1制得的材料在温度为300℃的的条件下硫化110s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至130℃硫化5h制得防水硅橡胶材料。
实施例6
一种防水硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
B1:按摩尔计,将1份氨基苯乙炔和2份2-氟苯基异氰酸酯加入到400份四氯化碳中,充分混合,在惰性气体氛围、室温反应8h,加入1份氟异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续回流12h,蒸出溶剂,加入400份质量分数95%的乙醇溶液,在温度80℃的条件下回流12h,蒸出溶剂、洗涤干燥得到超支化聚硅氧烷;
B2:按重量份计,将40份超支化聚硅氧烷、60份氟硅橡胶、20份气相白炭黑和4份羟基硅油混合,在75℃的条件下,搅拌12mi n,加入30份高密度聚四氟乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在145℃的条件下,混炼15mi n,加入5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通5次,打卷、下片;
B3:将步骤B1制得的材料在温度为320℃的的条件下硫化150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至260℃硫化6h制得防水硅橡胶材料。
实施例7
一种耐磨硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
C1:按重量份计,将1份石英石与1份玻璃纤维加入到10份无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入5份氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得混合液,取0.5份木质素加入5份质量分数20%的氢氧化钠溶液升温至80℃保温4h得到木质素碱液,过滤,滤液加入到混合液中,蒸干溶剂得到耐热剂;
C2:按重量份计,将40份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、15份气相法气相白炭黑、10份石英粉、4份玻璃纤维和3份羟基硅油混合,在55℃的条件下,搅拌10mi n,加入5份高密度聚乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125℃的条件下,混炼10mi n,加入3份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2次,打卷、下片;
C3:将步骤C1制得的材料在温度为280℃的的条件下硫化90s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至240℃硫化4h制得耐磨硅橡胶材料。
实施例8
一种耐磨硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
C1:按重量份计,将1份石英石与1份玻璃纤维加入到10份无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入5份氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得混合液,取0.5份木质素加入5份质量分数20%的氢氧化钠溶液升温至80℃保温4h得到木质素碱液,过滤,滤液加入到混合液中,蒸干溶剂得到耐热剂;
C2:按重量份计,将40份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、15份气相法气相白炭黑、13份石英粉、4份玻璃纤维和4份羟基硅油混合,在60℃的条件下,搅拌13mi n,加入8份高密度聚乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在135℃的条件下,混炼13mi n,加入4份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通4次,打卷、下片;
C3:将步骤C1制得的材料在温度为300℃的的条件下硫化120s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至260℃硫化4.5h制得耐磨硅橡胶材料。
实施例9
一种耐磨硅橡胶材料,通过如下步骤制备:
C1:按重量份计,将1份石英石与1份玻璃纤维加入到10份无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入5份氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得混合液,取0.5份木质素加入5份质量分数20%的氢氧化钠溶液升温至80℃保温4h得到木质素碱液,过滤,滤液加入到混合液中,蒸干溶剂得到耐热剂;
C2:按重量份计,将50份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、20份气相法气相白炭黑、15份石英粉、5份玻璃纤维和低分子羟基硅油混合,在65℃的条件下,搅拌15mi n,加入10份高密度聚乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在145℃的条件下,混炼15mi n,加入3~5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通5次,打卷、下片;
C3:将步骤C1制得的材料在温度为320℃的的条件下硫化150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至280℃硫化4~5h制得耐磨硅橡胶材料。
实施例10
一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨硅外护套,通过如下步骤制备:
S1:将芳纶纱材料制成细线,再将实施例1所得耐高温硅橡胶绝缘材料通过挤包工艺包覆在细线表面形成中心加强件;
S2:将多根导体进行绞合,形成均匀、紧密的绞线,再对绞线的外侧挤包绝缘层形成线芯;
S3:将多根线芯紧密排列,通过绞合紧紧缠绕在中心加强件表面形成缆芯;
S4:将实施例4所得防水硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包裹在缆芯表面形成防水内护套:
S5:将聚四氟乙烯材料填满整个防水内护套与缆芯之间的缝隙;
S6:将0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制成一层细网,覆盖在防水内护套上形成加强抗扭层;
S7:将实施例7所得耐磨硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包覆在加强抗扭层上,最终形成硅橡胶耐高温电缆。
实施例11
一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨硅外护套,通过如下步骤制备:
S1:将芳纶纱材料制成细线,再将实施例2所得耐高温硅橡胶绝缘材料通过挤包工艺包覆在细线表面形成中心加强件;
S2:将多根导体进行绞合,形成均匀、紧密的绞线,再对绞线的外侧挤包绝缘层形成线芯;
S3:将多根线芯紧密排列,通过绞合紧紧缠绕在中心加强件表面形成缆芯;
S4:将实施例5所得防水硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包裹在缆芯表面形成防水内护套:
S5:将聚四氟乙烯材料填满整个防水内护套与缆芯之间的缝隙;
S6:将0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制成一层细网,覆盖在防水内护套上形成加强抗扭层;
S7:将实施例8所得耐磨硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包覆在加强抗扭层上,最终形成硅橡胶耐高温电缆。
实施例12
一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨硅外护套,通过如下步骤制备:
S1:将芳纶纱材料制成细线,再将实施例3所得耐高温硅橡胶绝缘材料通过挤包工艺包覆在细线表面形成中心加强件;
S2:将多根导体进行绞合,形成均匀、紧密的绞线,再对绞线的外侧挤包绝缘层形成线芯;
S3:将多根线芯紧密排列,通过绞合紧紧缠绕在中心加强件表面形成缆芯;
S4:将实施例6所得防水硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包裹在缆芯表面形成防水内护套:
S5:将聚四氟乙烯材料填满整个防水内护套与缆芯之间的缝隙;
S6:将0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制成一层细网,覆盖在防水内护套上形成加强抗扭层;
S7:将实施例9所得耐磨硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包覆在加强抗扭层上,最终形成硅橡胶耐高温电缆。
耐高温测试试验包括如下:
各自选取长度相同,数量均为90根的上述实施例10~12,均分为3组,每组设置为30根,将每组中的30根电缆分别放置在内部温度为160℃、180℃以及200℃的试验箱中,试验时间均为5.0h,测定电缆工作状态得出如表1的数据:
表1
防水测试试验包括如下:
各自选取长度相同,数量均为90根的上述实施例10~12,均分为3组,每组设置为30根,将每组中的30根电缆分别放置在水中放置24h、48h、72h,测定电缆工作状态得出如表2的数据:
表2
耐曲折测试试验包括如下:
各自选取长度相同,数量均为90根的上述实施例10~12,均分为3组,每组设置为30根,将每组中的30根电缆分别曲折一万次、五万次和十万次,测定电缆工作状态得出如表3的数据:
表3
耐磨测试试验包括如下:
将实施例10-12制成厚度3mm的片状,固定在耐磨测试仪上,在相同的条件下进行500次的刮磨,之后取下称重,采用刮磨前后的质量差,即磨损量,来表征材料的耐磨性,具体数据如表4所示;
表4
实施例10 | 实施例11 | 实施例12 | |
磨损质量/g | 0.8756 | 0.8812 | 0.8793 |
通过表1可以看出该电缆在200℃的温度下依旧能正常工作,有着良好的耐高温性能,表2可以看出长时间的浸泡依旧能正常工作,防水性能优秀,表3可以看出曲折十万次依旧有着超一半的电缆能正常工作,有着优异的耐曲折性能,表4中电缆的磨损量较低,耐磨性能较高。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆,包括中心加强件、导体、绝缘层、填充料、防水内护套、加强抗扭层和耐磨外护套,其特征在于:
所述中心加强件为表面覆盖一层耐高温硅橡胶材料的芳纶沙线;
所述导体采用由纯度为99.9999%的退火无氧铜线制成的镀锡铜线以左左的绞合方式绞合而成;
所述绝缘层采用耐高温硅橡胶材料构成,采用挤包工艺包裹在导体表面形成线芯,绝缘层包裹的线芯紧密缠绕在中心加强件上形成缆芯;
所述防水内护套采用防水硅橡胶材料制成,包裹中缆芯,与缆芯之间生成孔隙;
所述填充料为聚四氟乙烯材料,加入到防水内护套与缆芯之间的之中;
所述加强抗扭层为0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制而成,其中镀锡铜线的覆盖率为80%,覆盖在防水内护套上;
所述耐磨硅外护套采用耐磨硅橡胶材料构成,覆盖在加强抗扭层上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅橡胶耐高温电缆,其特征在于,所述耐高温硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
A1:按重量份计,将100份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、5~10份羟基硅油和0.1~0.5份月桂酸锌放入捏合机中得到混合物料,将30~45份气相白炭黑分批加入到混合物料中,每次投料10~15份,间隔1h,在100℃下混合均匀,放置4~8h,得到粗硅橡胶;
A2:将N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和苯乙烯和过氧化二苯甲酰加入到二甲苯中搅拌混合均匀得到混合溶液,其中N-环己基马来酰亚胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、苯乙烯、过氧化二苯甲酰和二甲苯的摩尔比为1:1:1:0.01:5~10,取混合溶液的1/4加热至100~110℃,恒温反应1h,滴加剩余的混合溶液,滴加完毕继续反应3h,将氧化铈加入到无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得到改性氧化铈,其中氧化铈与3-氨丙基二乙基硅氧烷与无水乙醇的摩尔比为1:4~8:20~30,将改性氧化铈加入到反应后的混合溶液中搅拌,蒸出溶剂得到耐热改性剂;
A3:将粗硅橡胶在压力0.04~0.08MPa,温度为120~170℃的条件下密炼2~5h得到混炼基胶,将混炼基胶与耐热剂按100:23~32的重量比混合,混匀后出料即可得到所述耐高温硅橡胶材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅橡胶耐高温电缆,其特征在于,所述防水硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
B1:按摩尔计,将1份氨基苯乙炔和2份2-氟苯基异氰酸酯加入到100~400份四氯化碳中,充分混合,在惰性气体氛围、温度60℃~100℃的条件下回流4~8h,加入1份氟异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续回流8~12h,蒸出溶剂,加入100~400份质量分数95%的乙醇溶液,在温度40~80℃的条件下回流4~12h,蒸出溶剂、洗涤干燥得到超支化聚硅氧烷;
B2:按重量份计,将20-30份超支化聚硅氧烷、40~60份氟硅橡胶、10~20份气相白炭黑和2~4份羟基硅油混合,在60~75℃的条件下,搅拌8~12min,加入25~30份高密度聚四氟乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125~145℃的条件下,混炼10~15min,加入3~5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2~5次,打卷、下片;
B3:将步骤B1制得的材料在温度为280~320℃的的条件下硫化90~150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至200~260℃硫化4~6h制得防水硅橡胶材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅橡胶耐高温电缆,其特征在于,所述耐磨硅橡胶材料通过如下步骤制备:
C1:按重量份计,将1份石英石与1份玻璃纤维加入到10份无水乙醇中超声分散0.5h,加入5份氨丙基三甲基硅氧烷搅拌2h得混合液,取0.5份木质素加入5份质量分数20%的氢氧化钠溶液升温至80℃保温4h得到木质素碱液,过滤,滤液加入到混合液中,蒸干溶剂得到耐热剂;
C2:按重量份计,将30~50份甲基乙烯基硅橡胶、10~20份气相法气相白炭黑、15~20份木质素改性玻璃纤维和35份羟基硅油混合,在55~65℃的条件下,搅拌10~15min,加入5~10份高密度聚乙烯混合,放入混炼机,在125~145℃的条件下,混炼10~15min,加入3~5份硫化剂双25混合,放入开炼机双辊上薄通2~5次,打卷、下片;
C3:将步骤C1制得的材料在温度为280~320℃的的条件下硫化90~150s,制得一次硫化硅橡胶,再降温至240~280℃硫化4~5h,冷却后造粒制得耐磨硅橡胶材料。
5.一种硅橡胶耐高温电缆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将芳纶纱材料制成细线,再将绝缘层材料通过挤包工艺包覆在细线表面形成中心加强件;
S2:将多根导体进行绞合,形成均匀、紧密的绞线,再对绞线的外侧挤包绝缘层形成线芯;
S3:将多根线芯紧密排列,通过绞合紧紧缠绕在中心加强件表面形成缆芯;
S4:将防水硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包裹在缆芯表面形成防水内护套:
S5:将聚四氟乙烯材料填满整个防水内护套与缆芯之间的缝隙;
S6:将0.15毫米的镀锡铜线与芳纶纱混合编制成一层细网,覆盖在防水内护套上形成加强抗扭层;
S7:将耐磨硅橡胶材料通过挤包工艺包覆在加强抗扭层上,最终形成硅橡胶耐高温电缆。
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