CN116840707A - Method, device, medium, equipment and system for testing battery short-circuit safety boundary - Google Patents
Method, device, medium, equipment and system for testing battery short-circuit safety boundary Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 341
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method, a device, a medium, equipment and a system for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary. The test method of the battery short-circuit safety boundary comprises the following steps: charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature; needling a plurality of test batteries to simulate battery short circuit; acquiring thermal runaway states of a plurality of the test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery; and determining a battery short-circuit first safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltages corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery. The embodiment of the disclosure more effectively guides the development of the battery safety strategy, early warns the battery of thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit, and provides guarantee for the safety and reliability of the battery system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method, a device, a medium, equipment and a system for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary.
Background
The rapid development of the electric automobile technology makes the electric automobile an important part of the daily life of people, and brings great convenience for the travel of people. As an electric automobile, a battery is one of the indispensable parts, and research and development tests of the battery are related to the future of the whole electric automobile field. Only if the safety boundary of the battery core is explored, the performance of the battery can be better exerted, so that the serious influence caused by thermal runaway of the battery is better eliminated and avoided.
In operation, the problem of internal short circuit is easily caused by direct contact between the anode and the cathode of the battery due to the failure of a diaphragm in the battery, lithium precipitation from the cathode or the introduction of foreign matters in the production process. And thus causes the battery to fail, resulting in a safety accident. At present, a rapid and effective test method is not available, the internal short circuit of the battery can be simulated, the safety boundary of the battery is verified through the change rule of characteristic signals such as voltage, temperature and the like, early warning can not be performed in advance when the internal short circuit of the battery is out of control due to heat, and a corresponding safety early warning strategy is not formulated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, an apparatus, a medium, a device, and a system for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary, including:
charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature;
needling a plurality of test batteries to simulate battery short circuit;
acquiring thermal runaway states of a plurality of the test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery;
and determining a battery short-circuit first safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltages corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
In some embodiments, before needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short, the method further comprises:
and controlling the test battery to adjust to a second preset temperature.
In some embodiments, the second preset temperatures corresponding to the test cells of different test battery packs are different.
In some embodiments, the first preset temperature corresponding to different test battery packs is different.
In some embodiments, before the needling of the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short, the method further comprises: acquiring first battery parameters of a plurality of the test batteries after charging;
after the needling of the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short circuit, the method further comprises:
acquiring second battery parameters of a plurality of the test batteries after needling;
determining a battery parameter change rate according to the first battery parameter and the second battery parameter;
the method further comprises the steps of: and determining a battery short-circuit second safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the battery parameter change rate.
In some embodiments, the determining a battery short circuit second safety boundary based on the thermal runaway condition and the battery parameter rate of change comprises:
determining a non-thermal runaway test battery from the thermal runaway condition;
and determining the maximum value of the battery parameter change rate of each non-thermal runaway test battery as a battery short-circuit second safety boundary.
In some embodiments, the acquiring a thermal runaway condition of the plurality of test cells after needling comprises:
acquiring images of a plurality of the test batteries after needling through an image acquisition device;
determining a thermal runaway state of a plurality of the test batteries after needling according to the images;
or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the obtaining the thermal runaway state of the plurality of test cells after needling includes:
and acquiring the thermal runaway states of the plurality of the test batteries after needling through the fire detection device.
In some embodiments, each of the test cells is correspondingly provided with a control test cell, and the test cell is the same as the first preset temperature and the charging upper limit voltage of the corresponding control test cell;
before determining the battery short-circuit first safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value in the corresponding upper-limit-of-charge voltage of the non-thermal runaway test battery, the method further comprises:
and if the thermal runaway states of the test battery and the corresponding control test battery are different, discarding the thermal runaway states of the test battery and the corresponding charging upper limit voltage of the test battery.
In some embodiments, the corresponding penetration depth varies from test battery pack to test battery pack.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a test apparatus for a battery short-circuit safety boundary, including:
the charging control module is used for charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature;
the needling control module is used for needling a plurality of test batteries so as to simulate battery short circuit;
a thermal runaway state acquisition module for acquiring thermal runaway states of the plurality of test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery;
and the safety boundary determining module is used for determining a first safety boundary of the battery short circuit according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltage corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that cause a computer to perform the steps of the method according to any embodiment of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory;
the processor is configured to perform the steps of the method according to any embodiment of the first aspect by invoking a program or instructions stored in the memory.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, different upper charging limit voltages of a plurality of test batteries are obtained at the first preset temperature, the test batteries are needled, and when the different upper charging limit voltages are obtained according to the maximum value in the upper charging limit voltages corresponding to the thermal runaway state and the non-thermal runaway test batteries, the internal short circuit of the batteries, the damage degree of the batteries and the short circuit safety boundary of the batteries can be obtained. In other words, the embodiment of the disclosure simulates the internal short circuit of the battery by needling the test battery, and judges the safety boundary of the battery when the battery is short-circuited by considering the change rule of characteristic signals such as the internal short circuit of the battery, voltage, temperature and the like, thereby more effectively guiding the development of the battery safety strategy, early warning the thermal runaway of the battery caused by the internal short circuit, and providing guarantee for the safety and reliability of the battery system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a battery short-circuit safety boundary testing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the disclosure will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. All other embodiments derived by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The battery can cause thermal runaway phenomenon because of short circuit, but at present, no effective test method exists, the internal short circuit of the battery can be simulated, then the safety boundary of the battery is verified through the change rule of characteristic signals such as voltage, temperature and the like, data support is provided for the safe use of a battery system and a battery safety early warning strategy, the safety and reliability of the battery system are ensured, and serious safety problems caused by the thermal runaway of the battery are avoided.
In view of the above-described shortcomings of the prior art, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary. Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a testing method for a battery short-circuit safety boundary according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The method may be performed by a test device for battery short-circuit safety margin. As shown in fig. 1, the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary includes:
s110, charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature.
First, a first preset temperature is selected, and a plurality of test batteries of the test battery pack are charged at the first preset temperature. Because the test batteries work at different upper charging limit voltages and are affected differently by battery short circuits, the embodiment of the disclosure sets a plurality of different upper charging limit voltages for a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack at a first preset temperature, and tests the influence of battery short circuits corresponding to the different upper charging limit voltages. For example, the first preset temperature may be set to 25 ℃, simulating charging in a room temperature environment.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the number of the test batteries in the test battery pack may be set according to actual requirements. For example, under the condition of 25 ℃ charging, the rated upper limit voltage of the charging of a certain battery is 4.2V, then the test battery pack can be set to comprise 3 test batteries, and the upper limit voltages of the charging of the 3 test batteries are respectively set to be 4.13V, 4.14V and 4.15V. In step S110, 3 test cells were charged to 4.13V, 4.14V, 4.15V, respectively, at 25 ℃.
And S120, needling a plurality of test batteries to simulate battery short circuit.
The plurality of test batteries that completed charging were subjected to a needling test. Because the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the battery are insulated by the diaphragm, in the state, the needle is inserted into the battery, the needle prepared by needle insertion is vertical to the pole piece of the test battery, and after needle insertion, short circuit can be generated between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, so that the condition of short circuit of the test battery is simulated.
And S130, acquiring the thermal runaway states of the plurality of test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery.
After needling, the battery is internally short-circuited, and the battery is internally heated by larger short-circuit current, so that the combustible organic electrolyte is caused to react, high-temperature gas is generated, and thermal runaway is caused. Since the upper limit voltages of the charging are different, the thermal runaway states of the different test batteries are also different, and thus, the corresponding thermal runaway state conditions can be obtained. The thermal runaway state of the test battery includes, for example, phenomena such as no reaction, smoke, sparks, and fire, and the specific thermal runaway state may be classified according to the need, thereby determining the thermal runaway test battery as well as the non-thermal runaway test battery.
And S140, determining a first safety boundary of the battery short circuit according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltages corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
According to the obtained thermal runaway states corresponding to the plurality of test battery packs, the relevant parameters of the plurality of batteries without thermal runaway can be analyzed and arranged, and the first safety boundary when the batteries are short-circuited in the states can be judged.
After the thermal runaway state is obtained, the test cells in which the thermal runaway and the thermal runaway do not occur can be determined according to the thermal runaway state, and the plurality of test cells also correspond to different upper charging limit voltages, and the maximum value of the upper charging limit voltages in the test cells in which the thermal runaway does not occur is determined as the first safety boundary of the short circuit of the battery. Without exceeding this upper charge voltage, the test battery does not undergo thermal runaway.
Exemplary as shown in table 1, table 1 is a test experimental data table of a battery short-circuit safety boundary provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Under the condition that the first preset temperature is 25 degrees, 3 test batteries in the test battery pack are charged, and 3 different upper limit charging voltages are respectively achieved, wherein the upper limit charging voltage of the test battery with the sequence number A1 is 4.13V, the upper limit charging voltage of the test battery with the sequence number A2 is 4.15V, and the upper limit charging voltage of the test battery with the sequence number A3 is 4.18V. And (3) needling the 3 test batteries to obtain the thermal runaway state of the test batteries. The thermal runaway state of the test cell with the number A1 was nonreactive, the thermal runaway state of the test cell with the number A2 was nonreactive, and the thermal runaway state of the test cell with the number A3 was Mars. The non-reaction represents that the test battery does not have thermal runaway, and the spark represents that the test battery has thermal runaway, so that the thermal runaway state is set to the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltage corresponding to the non-reaction test battery, namely, the charging upper limit voltage of 4.15V is set as the battery short-circuit first safety boundary.
Table 1: test experiment data table for battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by embodiments of the present disclosure
According to the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary, the test battery is subjected to the needling test under different upper charging voltage limits, and according to the needling test result, the test battery is judged to be short-circuited, and when the thermal runaway state is caused, relevant parameters of the battery are tested, so that the first safety boundary of the battery short-circuit is determined. According to the battery short-circuit safety boundary, data support can be provided for safe use of the battery, early warning can be provided for the battery, and once the battery related data is detected to exceed the battery short-circuit safety boundary, the battery can be immediately processed, so that serious safety accidents are avoided.
In some embodiments, prior to needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short, further comprising:
the test cell was clamped using a clamping tool with a needle hole.
Before needling the test batteries, the test batteries need to be clamped by a tool with needling holes, so that needling positions are convenient to select, when needling is performed on a plurality of test batteries, the needling positions are the same, the batteries cannot move in the experimental process, and experiments are convenient to perform.
In some embodiments, clamping a test cell with a clamping tool having a needle hole includes:
and determining the pretightening force of the holding tool according to the battery expansion characteristic of the test battery.
The test cell was clamped with a pre-load force using a clamping tool with a needle hole.
Because the battery is arranged in the battery system and is influenced by the surrounding environment and related parts, the battery has a function on the surrounding environment and the related parts, and therefore, the pretightening force can be applied to the battery to simulate the actual working environment. When the test battery is fixed on the holding tool, a certain pretightening force is given to the test battery. Meanwhile, in the charge and discharge process of the test battery, along with continuous intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, the phenomenon that the stress is gradually increased can appear in the battery core, and if the stress is accumulated to a certain degree, the phenomena such as expansion and the like can also occur. The device is mainly related to the characteristics of the test battery, so that the device is more accurate in experimental result and is closer to practical application, and the accuracy of needling is not affected by battery expansion when needling is performed, and pretightening force is applied to the device in advance. Prevent the expansion stress from causing the expansion of the test battery, cause the direct distance change of the positive and negative plates, influence the test,
in some embodiments, prior to needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short, further comprising:
and controlling the test battery to adjust to a second preset temperature.
And adjusting the clamped test battery to a second preset temperature, wherein the value of the second preset temperature is in a temperature range which allows the test battery to be used. The second preset temperature is set, so that the battery can be simulated to work at different temperatures, the reaction and corresponding parameters of the test battery at different temperatures are observed, and more test data are obtained to be used as the basis for determining the short-circuit safety boundary of the battery. As shown in table 1, a specific phenomenon in which the second preset temperature was 55 ℃, i.e., the plurality of test batteries were charged at the first preset temperature of 25 ℃ and were short-circuited in the environment of 55 ℃, was observed.
In some embodiments, the second preset temperatures corresponding to the test cells of the different test cell stacks are different.
Before needling, a plurality of test battery packs are arranged, and the second preset temperatures corresponding to different test batteries, namely the temperatures when needling tests are carried out, are different, and a plurality of temperature values can be selected in the temperature range of the test batteries which are allowed to be used. Because the battery is in different temperatures due to factors such as the change of the environment where the battery is in, the change of the temperature of the battery in the using process and the like in the actual work, a plurality of second preset temperatures can lead to more comprehensive test results. For example, the first group may optionally be needled at a second predetermined temperature of 55 ℃. And the second group can be needled at the second preset temperature of 0 ℃ to finally obtain the first safety boundary of the short circuit of the battery at the two second preset temperatures.
In some embodiments, the first preset temperatures corresponding to different test battery packs are different.
Before needling, a plurality of test battery packs are arranged, and the first preset temperatures corresponding to the test batteries of different test battery packs are different. In the temperature range where the test battery is allowed to be used, the test battery can be charged at different temperatures, namely, different first preset temperatures corresponding to different test battery packs can be selected. For example, the first group charges the test battery at a first preset temperature of 25 ℃ and the second group charges the test battery at a first preset temperature of 35 ℃, so that the battery short-circuiting first safety margin at the two charging temperatures can be obtained, respectively. The test result is more comprehensive, and more situations of using the battery in a real environment are simulated, so that a more accurate and wider battery short-circuit safety boundary is obtained.
In some embodiments, prior to needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short, further comprising: and acquiring first battery parameters of the plurality of test batteries after charging.
After needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short circuit, further comprising:
and obtaining second battery parameters of the plurality of test batteries after needling.
And determining the change rate of the battery parameter according to the first battery parameter and the second battery parameter.
Correspondingly, the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiment of the disclosure further comprises the following steps: and determining a second safety boundary of the battery short circuit according to the thermal runaway state and the battery parameter change rate.
Before needling, first battery parameters of the test battery are collected, and after needling, second battery parameters of the test battery are collected. The battery parameter change rate can be obtained according to the battery parameters before and after needling, and the corresponding phenomenon generated after the simulated battery is short-circuited can be observed after needling, so that the corresponding battery parameter change rate under different thermal runaway states of the battery is obtained. It is possible to obtain a thermal runaway of the battery when the rate of change of the battery parameter reaches a certain value. As shown in table 1, the first battery parameter may be referred to as the pre-lancing voltage, the second battery parameter is referred to as the voltage value 1h after lancing, i.e., the voltage value measured by standing the test battery for 1 hour after lancing, and the rate of change of the battery parameter is referred to herein as the voltage drop rate. It should be noted that the first battery parameter and the second battery parameter may also refer to temperature values before and after lancing, and the battery parameter change rate may refer to a temperature rise rate.
In some embodiments, determining the battery short circuit second safety boundary based on the thermal runaway condition and the battery parameter rate of change comprises:
a non-thermal runaway test cell is determined based on the thermal runaway condition.
The maximum value of the battery parameter change rates of the respective non-thermal runaway test batteries is determined as a battery short-circuit second safety boundary.
After the needling test is performed, different thermal runaway states of the plurality of test batteries can be obtained, and the test batteries with and without thermal runaway are determined according to the phenomenon of the thermal runaway states. And the battery parameter change rate can be correspondingly obtained, and different test batteries correspond to the respective battery parameter change rates, wherein the maximum value of the battery parameter change rate in the test batteries without thermal runaway can be considered as the battery short circuit second safety boundary in the test state. As shown in table 1, it was observed that the test cells with numbers A1 and A2 were not thermally out-of-control, wherein the first cell parameter and the second cell parameter were voltage values, the rate of change of the cell parameter was a voltage drop rate, and the rate of change of the cell parameter was 6.32mV/min at maximum in the test cells with numbers A1 and A2, so in this test battery pack, the second safety boundary for cell short circuit included a voltage drop rate of 6.32mV/min, beyond which thermal out-of-control occurred in the test cells, causing safety hazard.
In some embodiments, acquiring a thermal runaway condition of the plurality of test cells after needling comprises:
and acquiring images of the plurality of test batteries after needling through an image acquisition device.
A thermal runaway condition of the plurality of test cells after lancing is determined from the image.
The image acquisition device, such as an image sensor, a camera and the like, can be used for acquiring images of a plurality of test batteries in real time, and recording images of a test process, which can comprise pictures or video information. And determining the test battery with the phenomena of sparks, fires and the like in the image as a thermal runaway test battery, and determining the test battery without the phenomena as a non-thermal runaway test battery. As shown in table 1, the test cells with serial numbers A1 and A2 were non-reactive in the thermal runaway state, and therefore, were non-thermal runaway test cells, and the test cell with serial number A3 was a spark phenomenon, and was a thermal runaway test cell.
Alternatively, acquiring the thermal runaway condition of the plurality of test cells after needling includes: and acquiring the thermal runaway states of the plurality of test batteries after needling through the fire detection device.
A fire detection device may also be provided to observe thermal runaway conditions of the plurality of batteries. The fire detection device comprises a smoke-sensing fire detector, a temperature-sensing fire detector, a photosensitive fire detector, a gas detector, a sound-sensing fire detector and the like. The device can collect relevant data in the needling environment in real time, the smoke-sensing fire detector can give an alarm and record when the test battery smokes, the temperature-sensing fire detector can give an alarm and record when the test battery is overheated, the light-sensing fire detector can give an alarm and record when sparks or fires occur, the gas detector agrees to give an alarm and record when the smoke or fires occur, and the sound-sensing fire detector can give an alarm and record when sparks or fires occur. The corresponding fire detector can be selected according to actual demands, and various combinations can be selected, and finally the test battery with thermal runaway and without thermal runaway is determined according to different results.
When the thermal runaway test battery is judged according to the thermal runaway state, the thermal runaway test battery can be selected according to actual requirements. For example, a test cell in which phenomena such as no reaction, smoke, sparks, and fires occur may be determined as a thermal runaway test cell, and a test cell in which no reaction and smoke do not affect the cell, and thus the two reactions occur is classified as a non-thermal runaway test cell. And sparks and fires can damage the battery and cause safety accidents, and can be classified as thermal runaway test batteries. Non-reactive test cells may also be classified as non-thermal runaway test cells, and smoke, spark, and fire test cells may be classified as thermal runaway test cells.
In some embodiments, each test battery is correspondingly provided with a control test battery, and the test battery is the same as the first preset temperature and the charging upper limit voltage of the corresponding control test battery.
Before determining the first safety boundary for battery short-circuiting according to the thermal runaway condition and the maximum value in the corresponding upper-limit-of-charge voltage of the non-thermal runaway test battery, the method further comprises:
if the thermal runaway state of the test battery is different from that of the corresponding control test battery, discarding the thermal runaway state of the test battery and the corresponding upper limit voltage of charge of the test battery.
In order to test the accuracy of the result, each test battery is correspondingly provided with a comparison test battery, the first preset temperature and the upper limit voltage of charging of the corresponding comparison test battery are identical to those of the test battery, if the thermal runaway state of the corresponding comparison test battery is different from that of the test battery, the test battery is proved to have inaccuracy, the corresponding data of the test battery are discarded, the whole test result is prevented from being disturbed, and the test can be carried out again.
Exemplary as shown in table 2, table 2 is a test experimental data table of a battery short-circuit safety boundary provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Under the condition that the first preset temperature is 25 ℃, each test battery is provided with a corresponding comparison test battery, the comparison test battery with the serial number of B1 is B2, and the charging upper limit voltage is 4.13V; the control test battery with the serial number of B3 is B4, and the upper limit voltage of charging is 4.18V; the control test cell number B5 was B6 and the upper charge voltage was 4.18V. As can be seen from the reaction in the thermal runaway state, the test battery with the serial number of B1 and the corresponding control test B2 do not react, so that the group of data is effective; the test cell number B2 did not react with its corresponding control test B4, so this set of data was valid; the test cell with serial number B5 and its corresponding control test B6 all had sparks, so this set of data was valid.
Table 2: test experiment data table for battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiment of the disclosure
In some embodiments, the corresponding penetration depth varies from test battery pack to test battery pack.
The needling depth of different test battery packs can be different and can be arbitrarily selected. The needling is used for simulating the short circuit of the battery, and the short circuit can be caused by the conditions of failure of a diaphragm in the battery, lithium precipitation of a negative electrode, introduction of foreign matters in the production process and the like. In order to simulate the collision of more real foreign matters outside the battery to the battery or the generation of foreign matters inside the battery, different needling depths can be selected, so that the test result is more real and comprehensive.
Exemplary as shown in table 3, table 3 is a test experimental data table of a battery short-circuit safety boundary provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in table 3, table 3 has a total of 2 test battery packs, wherein the first test battery pack includes test batteries numbered C1-C3 and the second test battery pack includes test battery packs numbered D1-D3. The penetration ratio of the 2 test battery packs was different, wherein the needling depth of the test battery in the first test battery pack was 25%, and the needling depth of the test battery in the second test battery pack was 95%. The battery parameter rate of change and thermal runaway condition of the battery can be tested when different needling depths are observed.
Table 3: test experiment data table for battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiment of the disclosure
In the needling process, the needle for needling can be selected from steel needles, copper needles, plastic needles and the like, the diameter of the needle can be 1-8mm, the external foreign matters can be truly simulated to pierce the test battery, the speed during needling can be within 25mm/s, different speeds provide more reference data for the test result, and the external foreign matters piercing speed and the internal foreign matters growing speed are simulated. The specific selection is not limited, and the test can be completed by selecting according to actual requirements.
Exemplary as shown in table 4, table 4 is a table of test experimental data for a battery short-circuit safety boundary provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in table 4, 12 test batteries were set, and all of the test batteries were charged at a first preset temperature of 25 ℃, and the allowable temperature range of the test batteries was-30 to 60 ℃. Of the 12 test cells, the upper limit voltage of charge of the test cells numbered E1-E4 was 4.13V, the upper limit voltage of charge of the test cells numbered E5-E8 was 4.15V, and the upper limit voltage of charge of the test cells numbered E9-E12 was 4.18V. And needling is performed at the same second preset temperature of 55 ℃, wherein the reference test battery with the number E1 is E2, the reference test battery with the number E3 is E4, the reference test battery with the number E5 is E6, the reference test battery with the number E7 is E8, the reference test battery with the number E9 is E10, and the reference test battery with the number E11 is E12. Correspondingly, different puncture ratios are also arranged and are divided into 2 test battery packs, wherein the first test battery pack comprises test batteries with the serial numbers of E1, E2, E5, E6, E9 and E10, the needling depth is 25%, and the second test battery pack comprises test batteries with the serial numbers of E3, E4, E7, E8, E11 and E12, and the needling depth is 95%. The thermal runaway states of each test battery and the corresponding control test battery are the same, so that the test data are all effective data.
It can be seen from table 4 that the test cells with numbers E1, E2, E5, E6 were not reacted after needling, the test cells with numbers E3, E4, E7, E8 were smoked, the test cells with numbers E9, E10 were spark after needling, and the test cells with numbers E11, E12 were fired after needling. The test cell in which the thermal runaway state is reacted as no reaction and smoke may be determined as a non-thermal runaway test cell, and the test cell in which the thermal runaway state is reacted as spark and fire may be determined as a thermal runaway test cell. According to the corresponding voltage drop rate and the charging upper limit voltage, it can be determined that when the voltage drop rate is less than 11.57mV/min, the test battery is not subject to thermal runaway, and the voltage drop rate is 11.57mV/min at the maximum by taking the battery short circuit second safety boundary as the voltage drop rate. It is also possible to obtain the charge upper limit voltages of 4.13V and 4.15V without thermal runaway of the test battery, so that the battery short-circuiting first safety margin is the charge upper limit voltage of 4.15V.
Table 4: test experiment data table for battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiment of the disclosure
The embodiment of the disclosure further provides a testing device for a battery short-circuit safety boundary, and fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of the testing device for a battery short-circuit safety boundary, provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, including: a charging control module 21, a needling control module 22, a thermal runaway condition acquisition module 23, and a safety margin determination module 24.
The charging control module 21 is configured to charge a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature. The lancing control module 22 is configured to lance a plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short. The thermal runaway state acquisition module 23 is configured to acquire thermal runaway states of the plurality of test cells after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test cell. The safety margin determination module 24 is configured to determine a battery short-circuit first safety margin according to a thermal runaway condition and a maximum value of the upper-limit-of-charge voltages corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
According to the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary, the test battery is subjected to the needling test under different upper charging voltage limits, and according to the needling test result, the test battery is judged to be short-circuited, and when the thermal runaway state is caused, relevant parameters of the battery are tested, so that the first safety boundary of the battery short-circuit is determined. According to the battery short-circuit safety boundary, data support can be provided for safe use of the battery, early warning can be provided for the battery, and once the battery related data is detected to exceed the battery short-circuit safety boundary, the battery can be immediately processed, so that serious safety accidents are avoided.
The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that cause a computer to perform the steps of a test method that implements a battery short-circuit safety boundary.
Examples of readable storage media include, but are not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), an erasable programmable Read-Only Memory (Electrical Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc Read-Only Memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In this document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
The storage medium provided by the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure and the method for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure have the same advantageous effects as the method adopted, operated or implemented by the application program or instruction stored therein, because of the same inventive concept.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory.
The processor is used for executing the steps of the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary by calling the program or the instructions stored in the memory. The electronic device provided by the above embodiment of the present disclosure and the method for testing the battery short-circuit safety boundary provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure have the same beneficial effects due to the same inventive concept.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the disclosure and form different embodiments.
Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method for testing a battery short-circuit safety boundary, comprising:
charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature;
needling a plurality of test batteries to simulate battery short circuit;
acquiring thermal runaway states of a plurality of the test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery;
and determining a battery short-circuit first safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltages corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
2. The test method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short circuit:
and controlling the test battery to adjust to a second preset temperature.
3. The test method according to claim 2, wherein the second preset temperature corresponding to the test cell of the different test cell group is different.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined temperature is different for different test battery packs.
5. The method of testing according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to said needling the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short circuit: acquiring first battery parameters of a plurality of the test batteries after charging;
after the needling of the plurality of test cells to simulate a cell short circuit, the method further comprises:
acquiring second battery parameters of a plurality of the test batteries after needling;
determining a battery parameter change rate according to the first battery parameter and the second battery parameter;
the method further comprises the steps of: and determining a battery short-circuit second safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the battery parameter change rate.
6. The method of testing of claim 5, wherein said determining a battery short-circuit second safety margin based on the thermal runaway condition and the battery parameter rate of change comprises:
determining a non-thermal runaway test battery from the thermal runaway condition;
and determining the maximum value of the battery parameter change rate of each non-thermal runaway test battery as a battery short-circuit second safety boundary.
7. The method of testing of claim 1, wherein the acquiring a thermal runaway condition of the plurality of test cells after needling comprises:
acquiring images of a plurality of the test batteries after needling through an image acquisition device;
determining a thermal runaway state of a plurality of the test batteries after needling according to the images;
or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the obtaining the thermal runaway state of the plurality of test cells after needling includes:
and acquiring the thermal runaway states of the plurality of the test batteries after needling through the fire detection device.
8. The test method according to claim 1, wherein each of the test cells is provided with a control test cell corresponding thereto, the test cell being identical to a first preset temperature and the charge upper limit voltage of the corresponding control test cell;
before determining the battery short-circuit first safety boundary according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value in the corresponding upper-limit-of-charge voltage of the non-thermal runaway test battery, the method further comprises:
and if the thermal runaway states of the test battery and the corresponding control test battery are different, discarding the thermal runaway states of the test battery and the corresponding charging upper limit voltage.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the needling depths are different for different test battery packs.
10. A test device for a battery short-circuit safety boundary, comprising:
the charging control module is used for charging a plurality of test batteries in the test battery pack to different upper charging limit voltages at a first preset temperature;
the needling control module is used for needling a plurality of test batteries so as to simulate battery short circuit;
a thermal runaway state acquisition module for acquiring thermal runaway states of the plurality of test batteries after needling to determine a non-thermal runaway test battery;
and the safety boundary determining module is used for determining a first safety boundary of the battery short circuit according to the thermal runaway state and the maximum value of the charging upper limit voltage corresponding to the non-thermal runaway test battery.
11. A computer readable storage medium storing a program or instructions for causing a computer to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. An electronic device, comprising: a processor and a memory;
the processor is adapted to perform the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 9 by invoking a program or instruction stored in the memory.
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| CN117706379A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method and device for constructing dynamic safety boundary of battery and readable storage medium |
| CN117706379B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-04-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method and device for constructing dynamic safety boundary of battery and readable storage medium |
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