CN116831127A - 一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明属于农药研发技术领域，具体涉及一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物。一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物，其有效成分由吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯、环氟菌胺或粉唑醇二元复配而成。本发明的杀菌组合物对黄瓜白粉病具有增效作用，其可以提高对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果，减少化学药剂的使用量，延缓病害抗药性的产生速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药研发技术领域，具体涉及一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物。
背景技术
黄瓜白粉病又称白毛病好白霉病，具有分布广、潜伏期短、流行性强和传播快的特点，是黄瓜的重要病害之一。苗期至成株期均可发生，主要侵害叶片，亦可侵害茎部和叶柄，一般不侵害果实。黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuloginea(Schlecht)Poll.)为子囊菌亚门单丝壳属真菌，能够引起黄瓜叶片发病，当温度达到16-25℃最适发病，田间空气干燥时病害大量发生。随着蔬菜栽培面积和规模的不断扩大，黄瓜白粉病的发生面积也越来越大，程度日趋严重。
目前，针对黄瓜白粉病的防治主要有2个方向：抗病育种和喷施化学农药，关于抗病性育种，由于不同的国家或同一国家不同区域内白粉病菌的种类也有可能不同，加上病菌本身的复杂多变，使得抗病育种难以有效解决黄瓜白粉病的发生。在实际生产过程中还是以喷施化学农药为主，化学农药具有见效快和效果稳定等优点，常见用于防治黄瓜白粉病的药剂有：苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵、氟硅唑、氟菌唑和嘧菌酯等。但是由于白粉病菌潜育时间短、随气流传播快和为害严重，而且一些种植者长期大量使用同种作用机制的药剂进行防治，使得黄瓜白粉病菌抗药性产生较快，进而导致多种药剂对其的防治效果越来越差。
研发新的药剂和在现有农药基础上进行复配均可应对抗药性的产生，但是研发新药剂成本高，周期长。在现有农药基础上进行复配，筛选具有增效作用的复配配方，既可以减少化学药剂的使用量，又可以延缓病害抗药性的产生速度。
吡啶硫酮锌，又称暗罗素、ZPT，对真菌和细菌有较强的灭杀和抑制作用。在农业领域，吡啶硫酮锌可作为绿色杀菌剂用于防治葡萄白粉病、草莓白粉病和草莓灰霉病等；在船舶涂料领域，吡啶硫酮锌可防止微生物附着，保持船体光滑；在日化领域，吡啶硫酮锌是高效去屑剂，广泛应用在洗发水和洗发香波等产品中。申请号为CN201010220094.5的专利公开了含有暗罗素和醚菌酯的杀菌剂，并具体公开了暗罗素和醚菌酯以一定重量比组合使用时，可用于防治小麦白粉病、小麦赤霉病、番茄灰霉病、葡萄灰霉病、葡萄白粉病和水稻稻瘟病。
目前，还尚未见有吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯、环氟菌胺或粉唑醇复配的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物，其在现有农药基础上，筛选具有增效作用的复配配方，可以提高对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果，减少化学药剂的使用量，延缓病害抗药性的产生速度。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物，其有效成分由吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯、环氟菌胺或粉唑醇二元复配而成。
作为优选，所述吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯的质量比为1-25：9-1。
作为优选，所述吡啶硫酮锌与环氟菌胺的质量比为1-16：30-1。
作为优选，所述吡啶硫酮锌与粉唑醇的质量比为1-10：10-1。
作为优选，所述吡啶硫酮锌与粉唑醇的质量比为7：1。
本发明还提供了一种杀菌剂，所述杀菌剂包括所述的杀菌组合物和农药学上可接受的助剂。
本发明还提供了所述的杀菌组合物或所述的杀菌剂用于防治黄瓜真菌性病害的用途。
作为优选，所述黄瓜真菌性病害为黄瓜白粉病。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明的杀菌组合物对黄瓜白粉病具有增效作用，其可以提高对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果，减少化学药剂的使用量，延缓病害抗药性的产生速度。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例：吡啶硫酮锌复配的室内生物活性试验
1.供试菌株：黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuloginea(Schlecht)Poll.)
用含有0.05％吐温-80的纯净水，洗取长满白粉病菌黄瓜叶片的新鲜孢子，用双层纱布过滤，制成1×105个孢子/mL的悬浮液，备用；
2.供试作物：黑色塑料营养钵育苗，每个营养钵种2株“北京小刺”黄瓜苗，培养至2片真叶期，编号备用。
3.供试药剂
98％吡啶硫酮锌原药、97％嘧菌酯原药、98％环氟菌胺原药和97％粉唑醇原药，以上药剂均为市售。
将供试药剂先用二甲基亚砜溶解，再用0.1％吐温-80水溶液稀释成单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
4.试验方法(参考NY/T 1156.11-2008《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第11部分：防治瓜类白粉病试验盆栽法》)。
在药剂处理前24h用孢子悬浮液对供试作物喷雾接种；待自然风干后，将药液均匀喷施于供试作物叶面至全部湿润，每个处理5盆，4次重复，并设只含有0.1％的吐温-80的处理作空白对照；待自然风干后移至恒温室，在温度25℃的条件下继续培养；待空白对照病叶率达到80％以上时，分级调查各处理发病情况，每处理调查40片叶，计算个处理病情指数和防治效果。其中，分级标准见表1。
表1病级评定标准
5.数据分析：采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，以杀菌剂浓度对数值为x，对应的防效几率值为y进行线性回归，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
上式中：ATI--混剂实测的毒力指数；S--标准药剂的LC50，单位为mg/L；M--混剂的LC50，单位为mg/L。
TTI＝TIA×PA+TIB×PB
上式中：TTI--混剂的理论毒理指数；TIA--A药剂的毒力指数；PA--A药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)；TIB--B药剂的毒力指数；PB--B药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)。
上式中：CTC--共毒系数；ATI--混剂实测毒力指数；TTI--混剂理论毒力指数。
6.测定结果
根据计算的共毒系数(CTC)评价药剂的增效作用，CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80＜CTC＜120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用，结果见表2-4。
表2吡啶硫酮锌和嘧菌酯复配对黄瓜白粉病菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 吡啶硫酮锌 | 8.77 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 嘧菌酯 | 37.78 | 23.21 | -- | -- |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：嘧菌酯9 | 22.76 | 38.53 | 30.89 | 124.73 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：嘧菌酯7 | 18.09 | 48.48 | 32.81 | 147.75 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：嘧菌酯3 | 12.78 | 68.62 | 42.41 | 161.81 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：嘧菌酯1 | 7.66 | 114.49 | 61.61 | 185.84 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌3：嘧菌酯1 | 4.13 | 212.35 | 80.80 | 262.80 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌7：嘧菌酯1 | 2.83 | 309.89 | 90.40 | 342.80 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌15：嘧菌酯1 | 5.27 | 166.41 | 95.20 | 174.80 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌25：嘧菌酯1 | 6.32 | 138.77 | 97.05 | 142.99 |
由表2可知，吡啶硫酮锌和嘧菌酯复配后，在质量比为1-25：9-1内对黄瓜白粉病菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表3吡啶硫酮锌和环氟菌胺复配对黄瓜白粉病菌的室内生物活性测定
由表3可知，吡啶硫酮锌和环氟菌胺复配后，在质量比为1-16：30-1内对黄瓜白粉病菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表4吡啶硫酮锌和粉唑醇复配对黄瓜白粉病菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 吡啶硫酮锌 | 8.77 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 粉唑醇 | 13.24 | 66.24 | -- | -- |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：粉唑醇10 | 9.29 | 94.40 | 69.31 | 136.21 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：粉唑醇7 | 8.11 | 108.14 | 70.46 | 153.48 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：粉唑醇3 | 7.02 | 124.93 | 74.68 | 167.29 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌1：粉唑醇1 | 4.73 | 185.41 | 83.12 | 223.07 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌3：粉唑醇1 | 2.35 | 373.19 | 91.56 | 407.59 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌7：粉唑醇1 | 1.27 | 690.55 | 95.78 | 720.98 |
| 吡啶硫酮锌10：粉唑醇1 | 4.91 | 178.62 | 96.93 | 184.27 |
由表4可知，吡啶硫酮锌和粉唑醇复配后，在质量比为1-10：10-1内对黄瓜白粉病菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用；尤其质量比为7：1时，共毒系数达到了720.98，增效作用尤其显著。
综上所述，吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯、环氟菌胺或粉唑醇复配后具有很好的协同增效作用，可以提高对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果，基于此可以减少化学药剂的使用量，延缓病害抗药性的产生速度，同时还可以减少防治成本，降低黄瓜中的农药残留。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可以做适当的改进，这些改进也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治黄瓜白粉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，其有效成分由吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯、环氟菌胺或粉唑醇二元复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述吡啶硫酮锌与嘧菌酯的质量比为1-25：9-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述吡啶硫酮锌与环氟菌胺的质量比为1-16：30-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述吡啶硫酮锌与粉唑醇的质量比为1-10：10-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述吡啶硫酮锌与粉唑醇的质量比为7：1。
6.一种杀菌剂，其特征在于，包括权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物和农药学上可接受的助剂。
7.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的杀菌组合物或权利要求6所述的杀菌剂用于防治黄瓜真菌性病害的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途，其特征在于，所述黄瓜真菌性病害为黄瓜白粉病。
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