CN116830438A - 飞行器致动器的供电系统 - Google Patents

飞行器致动器的供电系统 Download PDF

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CN116830438A
CN116830438A CN202280013329.4A CN202280013329A CN116830438A CN 116830438 A CN116830438 A CN 116830438A CN 202280013329 A CN202280013329 A CN 202280013329A CN 116830438 A CN116830438 A CN 116830438A
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voltage
architecture
supercapacitor
converter
downstream
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L·格里莫德
D·莫罗尼
M·贝塞海尔
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Safran Electronics and Defense SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)

Abstract

为飞行器致动器供电的供电架构，包括通过供电电路连接到至少一个致动器的电机的单相机载电网，供电电路依次包括上游转换器装置、至少一个超级电容器和下游转换器装置，上游转换器装置用于将机载电网的电压转换成适于其下游的供电电路的电压，至少一个超电容器与管理超级电容器的操作的电子电路相关联，下游转换器装置连接到电机；下游转换器装置是可逆的，以在电机以电动机模式操作时以及在电机以发电机模式操作时转换电压，下游转换器装置被选择性地布置成具有电压降低功能并且具有电压升高功能，而不管电机的操作模式如何，在此方式下在以电机模式操作时使得超级电容器能够向电机供电并且在以发电机模式操作时使得超级电容器能够由电机再充电。

Description

飞行器致动器的供电系统
本发明涉及航空领域，且更具体地涉及电致动飞行器装备，诸如：起落架、起落架轮的制动器、反推器、主或辅可移动飞行控制表面(诸如副翼或襟翼、……)。
背景技术
飞行器通常包括三相电网和至少一个单相电网。
单相电网被认为不足够强大来向飞行器的可移动装备(诸如飞行控制表面、反推器、制动器和起落架)供电。因此，三相电网被用于通过将必要的电力输送到用于在不同服务位置之间移动可移动装备的机电致动器来致动可移动装备。
因此，用于这种致动器的供电系统的架构通常包括将致动器的电机连接到三相电网的相应供电电路。这种供电电路通常包括：
·输入滤波器，用于消除三相电网所传输的且供电组件对其敏感的电气干扰(电压浪涌、电流浪涌)；
·二极管桥类型、变压器/整流器类型或功率因子校正(PFC)类型的整流器；
·限流器；
·LC类型的阻尼滤波器，用于限制启动时的涌入电流并防止输入电压崩溃；
·解耦电容器；
·三相逆变器；
·耗散或制动电阻器；以及
·逆变器输出滤波器。
功率需求以峰值的形式出现，如图1所示，这是示出了副翼致动器的功耗的、作为时间的函数的标绘。在功率峰值处所需的功率由三相电网提供，使得需要对供电系统的所有组件进行额定(rated)以吸收这些功率峰值。这导致了相当大的重量，这构成了航空应用的主要缺点。
发明目的
本发明的特定目的是使飞行器致动器能够被供电，同时限制机载重量。
发明内容
为此，本发明提供了一种根据权利要求1所述的架构。
因此，超级电容器在功率峰值期间提供电机所需的大部分功率，而电网在必要时用于补充该功率或维持超级电容器电荷或在功率峰值期间以外向电机供电。此外，当空气动力作用在与致动器相关联的可移动装备上时，超级电容器由在发电机模式中的电机充电，并且下游转换器装置用于首先当电机在电动机模式中操作时调节电机的端子处的电压和电流，并且其次当电机在发电机模式中操作时调节超级电容器的端子处的电压和电流。因此，不需要根据功率峰值对所有架构进行额定，而只需要对其位于超级电容器下游的部分进行额定。这导致了重量的节省，并因此减少了用于推进飞行器的燃料消耗。
本发明还提供一种包括三相机载电网和单相机载电网的飞行器，该单相电网形成如上所述的致动器供电架构的一部分。
在阅读了以下对本发明的特定且非限制性实现的描述之后，本发明的其他特征及优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
参考附图，在附图中：
图1是示出副翼致动器的功耗的作为时间的函数的标绘；
图2是作为时间的函数的标绘，示出了需要提供给反推器的功率和由反推器的致动器所返回的功率；
图3是本发明的第一实施例中的用于致动飞行器装备的致动系统的框图，具有DC单相机载电网和高电压内部总线；
图4是本发明的第一实施例中的致动系统的下游转换器装置的示意图；
图5是本发明的第二实施例中的致动系统的框图，下游转换器装置的结构与图4不同。
图6是本发明的第三实施例的框图，具有DC单相机载电网、第二实施例的下游转换器装置以及低电压内部总线；
图7是本发明的第四实施例的框图，除了上游转换器装置是可逆的之外，该实施例与第三实施例相同；
图8是本发明的第五实施例中的用于致动飞行器装备的致动系统的框图，针对AC单相机载电网；以及
图9是本发明的飞行器的图解视图。
具体实施方式
参考图9，下面描述将本发明应用于具有两个机载电网(即三相电网E1和单相电网E2)的飞行器A。举例而言并且取决于所讨论的实施例，三相电网E1在115伏(V)或230V的交流(AC)电压下操作，而单相电网E2在28V或115V的直流(DC)电压下操作。飞行器A具有可移动装备，包括可移动飞行控制表面V(主控制)和反推器T。移动装备通过机电致动器1在各不同的服务位置之间移动。
飞行器A设置有用于向机电致动器供电的供电架构，并且单相电网E2形成该架构的一部分。
该供电架构具有将单相电网E2连接到致动器1中的每一者的每一电机2的至少一个供电电路，总体标号为100。每一致动器1的电机2的电路被布置成既在电动机模式中操作也在发电机模式中操作，在电动机模式中电机1将为其提供动力的电能转换成移动可移动装备的机械能，在发电机模式中电机1将由可移动装备传输给它的机械能转换成电能。为了简化的目的，以下描述将本发明应用于为单个电机供电；然而，不用说，该供电架构可被适配成为多个电机供电。举例而言，这适用于可移动装备由多个致动器(每一致动器包括单个电机)或由具有多个电机的单个致动器移动的情形。该供电架构优选地具有与作用在同一件装备上的致动器一样多的供电电路。
供电电路100依次包括上游转换器装置110、通过内部总线连接到上游转换器装置110的储能装置120、以及通过内部总线连接到储能装置120和电机的下游转换器装置130。
储能装置120包括超级电容器121和用于管理超级电容器121的操作的电子电路122。电子电路122本身是已知的，并且它监测超级电容器121的充电和放电，同时确保它们的电荷水平是平衡的。
术语“转换器装置”被用于涵盖用于将输入电压转换成一个或多个输出电压的任何电气/电子设备。
更准确而言，上游转换器装置110被布置成将单相电网E2的电压转换成用于向超级电容器121以及上游转换器装置供电(除了在功率峰值期间)的第一内部总线电压，其中第一内部总线电压是单相DC电压。上游转换器装置110被设计成补偿超级电容器121由于泄漏电流而损失的能量，并且在能量峰值期间向下游转换器装置130提供额外的能量。
此外，下游转换器装置130是可逆的，以便在电机2在电动机模式中操作时以及在电机2在发电机模式中操作时转换电压。下游转换器装置130被选择性地布置成具有降压功能(buck)和具有升压功能(boost)，而不管电机2的操作模式如何，在这样的方式下，使得超级电容器121能够在电机2在电动机模式中操作时向电机2供电，并且当电机2在发电机模式中操作时由电机2再充电。因此，下游转换器装置130被布置成首先将第一内部总线电压转换成三相AC电压来用于向电机2的绕组供电，以便驱动处于电动机模式中的电机，并且其次当电机在发电机模式中操作时将由电机提供的三相AC电压转换成适合于对超级电容器121再充电的电压。具体而言，下游转换器装置130必须使得输入电压和输出电压能够被调节，而不管所考虑的操作模式如何：这在电动机模式中操作时是特别有利的，因为这样可以降低电压以防止超过超级电容器121可接受的最大电压的浪涌，或者升高电压以加速超级电容器121的充电(同时保持在超级电容器121可接受的最大电压以下)。
在图3所示的第一个实施例中，单相电网E2提供28V的低电压直流，且第一内部总线电压在等于270V的高电压直流下操作。
在该示例中，上游转换器装置110是升压DC/DC转换器，其被设计成将28V的DC单相电压转换成270V的DC单相电压并且通过内部总线以第一内部总线电压来连接到储能装置120。
下游转换器装置130包括降压-升压拓扑的逆变器，且更确切而言是Y-降压-升压拓扑结构，如图4所示。对于电机2的每一个相，该逆变器包括具有晶体管T1和T2的第一桥(降压桥)，第一桥具有经由电感器连接到具有晶体管T3和T4的第二桥(升压桥)的中点的中点，第二桥具有并联连接的电容器。逆变器以已知的方式被控制，例如通过执行文献FR-A 3066 660中描述的控制方法。
在第二实施例中并且参考图5，下游转换器装置130包括DC/DC转换器131和降压逆变器132，它们一起取代了图4的降压-升压型逆变器。
DC/DC转换器131被布置成升高电压、是可逆的、并且被隔离，并且它通过内部总线以第一内部总线电压来连接到储能装置121，在该示例中该第一内部总线电压是270VDC。DC/DC转换器用于调节超级电容器121的端子处的电压。在该示例中，DC/DC转换器131是双有源桥型的。
降压逆变器132是可逆的，并且它连接到电机2。
DC/DC转换器131和降压逆变器132通过处于第一内部总线电压(在本示例中是270VDC)的隔离内部总线连接在一起。
如上所述，上游转换器装置110是升压DC/DC转换器，其被设计成将28V的DC单相电压转换成270V的DC单相电压并且通过内部总线以第一内部总线电压来连接到储能装置120。
应观察到
在发电机模式中，施加到超级电容器121的电压被调节，以避免超过超级电容器121能够承受的最大电压和电流；
在电动机模式中，对于来自电机2的相电压的给定幅度，内部总线上可接受的电压变化会大大增大(在可接受的电流限制内)，以达到电机所需的速度范围。
图6的第三实施例与第二实施例相同，除了储能装置120通过内部总线以相对较低的第一电压(具体是28VDC)连接到上游转换器装置110，并且通过内部总线以第一电压(即28VDC)来连接到下游转换器装置130。转换器装置110和DC/DC转换器131被适配到这些电压值。
因此，DC/DC转换器131被布置成升高电压、是可逆的、并且被隔离，并且它通过内部总线以第一内部总线电压(在该示例中该第一内部总线电压是270VDC)连接到储能装置121。DC/DC转换器131被布置成相当大地升高电压，以便在电动机模式中向逆变器132供电，并且以便在发电机模式中调节超级电容器121的端子处的电压。在该示例中，DC/DC转换器131是双有源桥型的。
DC/DC转换器131的电流隔离用于提供超级电容器121和电机2之间的屏障，来用于防止向电机2不受控地供能。这也使得借助于逆变器132产生非常低的DC电压DC成为可能，以便在将其投入使用之前验证其是可操作的(“功率内置测试”/“飞行中测试”)。
在图7所示的第四实施例中，上游转换器装置110通过内部总线以相对低的第一电压(在本示例中是28VDC)来连接到储能装置120，并且其被布置成具有电压降低功能和电压升高功能，以便使得能量能够从超级电容器121传递到单相电网E2。
如上所述，下游转换器装置130包括DC/DC转换器131和降压逆变器132。
DC/DC转换器131被布置成升高电压、是可逆的、并且被隔离，并且它通过内部总线以第一内部总线电压连接到储能装置121，在该示例中该第一内部总线电压是28VDC。降压逆变器132是可逆的，并且它首先连接到电机2，其次通过隔离的内部总线以相对高的第二内部总线电压(在该示例中是270VDC)来连接到DC/DC转换器131。
然后将能量存储在储能装置中是可能的，该储能装置分布在飞行器内并且连接到单相电网E2。
在图8的第五实施例中，单相电网E2提供115VAC的AC，且上游转换器装置110’包括无源半波整流器或功率因子校正整流器。供电电路100的其余部分与图3中的部分相同。
在所有实施例中，超级电容器121，用于管理超级电容器121的操作的电路122，上游转换器装置110、110’，以及下游转换器装置130的至少一部分全部形成包括至少一个处理器的单个电子电路的各部分。
为了致动反推器T，图2示出了致动序列，包括：
电动机，第一阶段，其中超级电容器121需要输送相对短的功率峰值以启动反推器T朝向其伸展位置的移动；
发电机，第二阶段，其中空气动力将反推器T带到其伸展位置，并且其中作为发电机的电机2向超级电容器121充电；以及
电动机，第三阶段，其中超级电容器121需要输送相对长的功率峰值，以便将反推器T从其伸展位置带回其缩回位置。
优选地，在本申请中，超级电容器121被配置成使得它们在飞行器飞行时间期间未被完全充电，而是超级电容器在电动机(第二阶段)期间被完全再充电。这对于执行致动序列的任何应用而言都是有效的，该致动序列从相对低功率的发电机或电动机阶段开始，然后是发电机阶段。
当在发电机阶段期间存在使超级电容器过饱和的风险时，优选的是提供连接到下游转换器装置的能量耗散电阻器，以便耗散当电动机在发电机模式中操作并且超级电容器饱和时产生的能量。
当然，本发明不限于所描述的实现，而是覆盖落在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围内的任何变型。
具体而言，该供电架构可以具有与所描述的不同的结构。
例如，下游转换器装置可以包括升压、降压-升压、……拓扑结构的转换器。
可以对超级电容器进行规定，以被配置成使得它们能自行输送功率峰值，而机载电网仅用于补偿由于漏电流造成的电荷损失。
取决于飞行持续时间，在飞行前对超级电容器进行预充电或者仅在飞行中对它们进行充电是可能的。
本发明适用于向飞行器装备(并且尤其是可移动装备，诸如：起落架、起落架轮的制动器、反推器、主或辅可移动飞行控制表面(诸如副翼或襟翼，……))供电的任何类型的装备。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于为飞行器致动器供电的供电架构，所述架构包括通过供电电路连接到至少一个致动器的电机的单相机载电网，所述供电电路依次包括上游转换器装置、至少一个超级电容器以及下游转换器装置，所述上游转换器装置用于将所述机载电网的电压转换成适于其下游的供电电路的电压，所述至少一个超电容器与用于管理所述超级电容器的操作的电子电路相关联，所述下游转换器装置用于连接到所述电机；所述下游转换器装置是可逆的，以便在所述电机以电动机模式操作时以及在所述电机以发电机模式操作时转换电压，所述下游转换器装置被选择性地布置成具有电压降低功能并且具有电压升高功能，而不管所述电机的操作模式如何，在这样的方式下在以电机模式操作时使得所述超级电容器能够向所述电机供电并且在以发电机模式操作时使得所述超级电容器能够由所述电机再充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的架构，其特征在于，所述下游转换器装置包括降压-升压拓扑结构的逆变器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的架构，其特征在于，所述下游转换器装置包括连接到所述超级电容器的可逆且隔离的升压DC/DC转换器以及与所述升压DC/DC转换器和所述电机串联连接的可逆降压逆变器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的架构，其特征在于，所述DC/DC转换器是双有源桥类型的。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的架构，其特征在于，所述升压DC/DC转换器通过隔离的高电压DC总线(270VDC)连接到所述可逆降压逆变器。
6.根据权利要求3至5中的任一项所述的架构，其特征在于，所述降压逆变器被结合在所述电机的电子功率电路中。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的架构，其特征在于，所述上游转换器装置被配置成补偿由于漏电流引起的超级电容器能量损失。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的架构，其特征在于，所述机载电网输送DC电压(28VDC)，所述上游转换器装置包括DC/DC转换器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的架构，其特征在于，所述上游转换器装置被布置成可逆的并且具有电压降低功能和电压升高功能，以允许能量从所述超级电容器输送到所述机载电网。
10.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的架构，其特征在于，所述机载电网输送AC电压(115VAC)，所述上游转换器包括半波无源整流器或功率因子校正整流器。
11.根据任一前述权利要求所述的架构，其特征在于，所述超级电容器通过相应的高电压DC总线(270VDC)连接到所述上游转换器装置和所述下游转换器装置。
12.根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的架构，其特征在于，所述超级电容器通过相应的低电压DC总线(28VDC)连接到所述上游转换器装置和所述下游转换器装置。
13.根据任一前述权利要求所述的架构，其特征在于，所述超级电容器、用于管理所述超级电容器的操作的电路、所述上游转换器装置、以及所述下游转换器装置的至少一部分都形成包括至少一个处理器的单个电子电路的各部分。
14.根据任一前述权利要求所述的架构，其特征在于，所述超级电容器被配置成在飞行器飞行时间期间没有被完全充电。
15.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的架构，其特征在于，能量耗散电阻器连接到所述下游转换器装置，以便耗散当所述电机在发电机模式中操作并且所述超级电容器饱和时产生的能量。
16.一种飞行器，包括三相机载电网和单相机载电网，所述单相电网形成根据任一前述权利要求所述的致动器供电架构的一部分，所述致动器供电架构被用在所述飞行器中来向所述飞行器的致动器供电。
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