CN116823997A - Dynamic flood control situation map drawing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of flood control, and discloses a dynamic flood control situation map drawing method for realizing flood control and disaster reduction and providing a decision basis for related industries and institutions. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and processing basic data of a measured terrain; constructing a water conservancy model according to the basic data of the measuring area, and drawing a dynamic flood control situation map; the dynamic flood control situation map takes a basic geographic information map as a base map, and any one or any combination of a submerged water depth distribution map, a flood flow velocity distribution map, a flood front arrival time distribution map, a submerged duration distribution map and an evolution process map is superimposed on the base map; identifying flood risk zone graphs according to the dynamic flood control situation graphs and threshold parameters corresponding to different set risk levels, and marking flooding conditions of different levels of flood risk areas according to identification results; and (3) formulating a corresponding risk avoiding transfer graph according to the spatial distribution information, population and asset information corresponding to each different-level flood risk area.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of flood control, in particular to a dynamic flood control situation map drawing method.
Background
The dynamic flood control situation map is a series of maps which are integrated with related information such as natural geography, economy and society, flood characteristics, risk distribution, risk avoidance measures and the like of a flood risk area, and is a tool for analyzing and pre-evaluating risks and hazards possibly caused by different levels of flood.
The flood risk map is the basis for establishing a flood risk management system, and is an important component for the construction of a flood control drought resistance disaster reduction system. The flood risk map not only can provide a basic basis for the establishment of flood control emergency plans for water conservancy and flood control departments, deployment of emergency response actions, flood disaster assessment, flood influence assessment, planning, construction, management and other works of a flood control and control engineering system.
And the insurance rate is formulated for the insurance institution, and the related industry and enterprises and institutions formulate emergency plans to provide basis; and has important value for publicity, education, training, disaster prevention exercise, training and the like of flood risks of the public.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to disclose a dynamic flood control situation map drawing method so as to realize flood control and disaster reduction and provide decision bases for related industries and institutions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the dynamic flood control situation map drawing method disclosed by the application comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and processing basic data of a measured area of a terrain;
s2, constructing a water conservancy model according to the basic data of the area, and drawing a dynamic flood control situation map; the dynamic flood control situation map takes a basic geographic information map as a base map, and any one or any combination of a submerged water depth distribution map, a flood flow velocity distribution map, a flood front arrival time distribution map, a submerged duration distribution map and an evolution process map is superimposed on the base map;
s3, identifying flood risk zone graphs according to the dynamic flood control situation graphs and threshold parameters corresponding to different set risk levels, and marking the flooding conditions of different levels of flood risk zones according to the identification results;
and S4, formulating a corresponding risk avoiding transfer diagram according to the spatial distribution information, population and asset information corresponding to each different-level flood risk area.
Preferably, the basic data of the measuring area are collected in a mode of carrying out laser radar scanning measurement on the oblique measurement, and the processing types of the basic data of the measuring area comprise heterogeneous data processing, abnormal data cleaning, missing value cleaning and repeated data processing.
Preferably, a bin pattern analysis is used to reject outlier data values and/or field matching similarity is used to identify a decision repetition.
Preferably, the process of constructing the water conservancy model comprises:
step S21, a distributed hydrological model based on a topography index, wherein the model assumes two water storage units of a river channel and a slope on each grid of the DEM, the runoff form on the grid is divided into surface runoff and underground runoff, a river basin runoff generating mechanism is full of runoff, the surface runoff is generated by considering that soil reaches grid point water storage capacity, the water storage capacity of each grid point of the river basin is related to the topography index of the grid point, and the relation can be expressed as follows:
wherein: i represents a grid space position; tn (Tn) i 、Tn min And Tn max The distribution is a topography index of the grid i, a minimum topography index of the river basin and a maximum topography index of the river basin; s is S 0 Representing the initial water storage capacity of the river basin; sm represents a change value of water storage capacity of the river basin; m is an exponential parameter;
the model flow producing mode is full flow production, rainfall on the slope grid enters soil after evaporation, the rainfall is deducted and evaporated to supplement the water storage capacity of soil water, and when the water storage capacity of the soil water exceeds the water storage capacity, the superfluous water forms surface water, and the water storage capacity of the surface water is increased;
the surface water can generate surface runoff under the action of gravity, the surface runoff gradually enters a river channel from two sides of the grid, and the surface runoff flow rate is calculated by adopting a linear reservoir method;
step S22, the ground surface gradient is used for approximately replacing the underground hydraulic gradient, and the formula of the underground water outflow of each grid is as follows:
wherein: STi is a groundwater outflow threshold value; tg is a time constant reflecting the characteristics of groundwater flow; beta represents the average downward slope of the grid; b is an empirical parameter reflecting the influence of the gradient on the underground water flow, si is the slope soil water storage capacity;
and S23, carrying out confluence calculation on flow calculation of each section of river channel on the grid by adopting a Ma Sijing method.
Preferably, in the confluence calculation process, a part of the watershed in the construction water conservancy model is divided into at least two sub-watersheds, grid production confluence calculation is respectively carried out on each sub-watershed to obtain sub-watershed outlet flow, and then the confluence calculation of the watershed river network is carried out at the confluence position of the river channel according to the linear superposition method.
Preferably, the method of the present application further comprises: and step S5, drawing a live map of the historical flood based on the historical data.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
the construction of a water conservancy model and the drawing of a dynamic flood control situation map according to actual measured terrains are the basis for building a flood risk management system and are also important components for the construction of a flood control drought resistance disaster reduction system. The combined risk avoidance transfer diagram not only can provide a basic basis for the establishment of a flood prevention emergency plan for water conservancy and flood prevention departments, deployment of emergency response actions, flood disaster assessment, promotion of flood influence assessment, and development of planning, construction, management and other works of a flood prevention and control engineering system; and the insurance rate is formulated for the insurance institution, and the related industry and enterprises and institutions formulate emergency plans to provide basis; the flood risk propaganda, education, training, disaster prevention exercise, training and the like are carried out on the public, so that the flood risk propaganda, education, training and the like have important values; thus having good function expansibility.
The application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic flood control situation drawing method disclosed by the embodiment of the application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the related content and execution steps of collecting and processing basic data of a measured terrain according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but the application can be implemented in a number of different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a dynamic flood control situation map drawing method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and processing basic data of a measured area of the terrain.
Referring to fig. 2, the step of digital acquisition work may adopt a mode of carrying on-board laser radar scanning measurement by oblique measurement to acquire three-dimensional model data, laser data and image data of a measurement area, process the acquired data and submit DOM (Document Object Model ), DEM (Digital Elevation Model, digital elevation model), DLG (Digital Line Graphic, digital line drawing) achievements and full-line three-dimensional models required by projects with a scale of 1:500 in a key area, provide topographic data for hydraulic analysis, and provide a refined model for a visual sand table. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. measurement purpose:
the method mainly comprises the steps of simulating high-precision DEM, DOM, DLG data required by flood for hydrology and hydraulics forecast, and further comprises high-precision oblique photography data required in three-dimensional visualization construction of a digital sand table.
2. Measurement tasks:
basin underlying terrain data. The main river channel part mainly needs to be along the river topography, so that 1:500 precision DEM data, 1:1000 precision DOM and DLG data in the range of 300 meters along the river are required to be measured.
The oblique photographing part comprises complete oblique photographing data of a main river channel, and the accuracy is not lower than 10cm; and important residents along the lines of the river town, village and mountain torrent canal, the precision is not lower than 5cm.
3. The measurement scheme is as follows:
before the project starts, the survey is required to be carried out, the existing data is collected, the aviation wholesale text is applied to the military and the related departments of the aviation management, the coordination is carried out to the related engaging departments according to the regulation requirement, the ground control measurement group starts to enter, the control network is arranged at a selected point, the observation is carried out, after the aviation is allowed, the airplane and the LIDAR (generally referred to as a laser radar, a system integrating a laser, a global positioning system and an inertial navigation system are arranged, the system is used for obtaining point cloud data and generating an accurate digital three-dimensional model) are arranged, after the optimal state is installed and debugged, the data acquisition of the LIDAR is carried out on the airplane, each index is carried out according to the aviation design index, if the problems of missed aviation, poor data quality and the like occur, the flight is immediately carried out, and if the original aviation line meets the flight supplementing requirement, the flight can be supplemented according to the original aviation line, and the new aviation line can be supplemented. And checking LIDAR data and original image data in time, carrying out joint calculation on IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit ) and GPS (Global Positioning System, global positioning system) by adopting software such as POSPac after error-free, carrying out joint calculation on acquired LIDAR data, IMU and GPS in the field, and carrying out data processing by adopting software such as Inpho in the field, so as to finally obtain result data such as DEM, DOM, DLG, a three-dimensional model and the like. After all the data are subjected to inside and outside industry inspection, an inspection report is written and submitted to project responsible personnel and supervision for inspection, and after the inspection passes, the inspection is submitted for acceptance, and the detail is shown in fig. 1.
And (3) sorting basic data information, flood calculation and analysis results and flood influence evaluation and analysis results according to each region and different calculation schemes thereof, and evaluating the integrity and normalization of the results. And after the inspection is qualified, storing relevant data in a warehouse.
4. The data processing specifically comprises the following aspects:
A. when the water conservancy data are collected, on one hand, the data sources are designed, deployed and maintained according to specific requirements, and when the multi-source data are integrated, the data quality problems such as disorder, omission, false alarm and incompleteness often occur. On the other hand, because the processed data volume is large, dirty data such as missing data, similar repeated data, abnormal data, logic error data, inconsistent data and the like caused by various subjective and objective reasons such as robots, people, environment and the like cannot occur. The large amount of error data can bring high processing cost when carrying out data support on water conservancy informatization systems such as a water and rain condition monitoring and early warning system, a mountain torrent control system and the like, prolong the response time of the system, even cause abnormality of a data analysis system, reduce the accuracy of a decision support system, seriously influence the service quality of the system and are difficult to support upper-layer application.
The data processing mainly comprises the steps of analyzing data, removing format isomerism by utilizing functions, removing abnormal data by utilizing a predefined algorithm cleaning rule, complementing missing data, repeatedly recording and matching and the like, and converting dirty data extracted from a large amount of converged data into clean data meeting the data quality requirement through a series of conversion, so that the accurate exertion of the system functions is ensured. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And DOM, DEM, DLG, OSGB, analyzing, painting and editing data.
(2) And processing and visually processing the three-dimensional model and the river section.
(3) Other relationships and spatial data processing.
B. The types of processing data generally include the following heterogeneous data processing, cleaning of abnormal data, cleaning of missing values, and repeated data processing, which are described below:
[ heterogeneous data processing ]
For example, the data formats are not uniform. If the source system does not make a specification when receiving the uploading data of different systems, the following data will appear, and the data under the field needs to be processed and cleaned according to the classification. For example: and processing by adopting a case function in the rule base, and converting heterogeneous format data into data in a uniform format after classifying by utilizing the case function in the function base.
[ cleaning of abnormal data ]
For example, in actual situations, the existing data convergence platform can encounter various problems related to standard value calculation, such as average rainfall of the measuring station, average monitoring duration and the like. There will be some noisy data that will have a significant negative impact on the accuracy of these calculations.
If the average value of the monitoring time is directly calculated, and the result is 22984.32s and about 6.38h, the average value is not in accordance with the actual monitoring condition, and the data set is known to be obviously affected by noise. Outlier identification and rejection processing is required for the data set. And adopting a box graph analysis method to remove abnormal data values in the actual processing process.
[ cleaning of missing values ]
In a complex environment where data is generated, there are a large number of missing values under the data reporting and interface calling factors. Incomplete data mainly refers to information missing such as site attribute categories of site rainfall, water flow and the like, and main fine tables in a business system cannot be matched and the like, and the data needs to be cleaned.
[ repeated data processing ]
Since the reported data is transmitted by a complex network, many repeated data will occur, and the field matching similarity is mainly used to identify the repetition of judgment. Definition: s is the similarity of two character data segments; dist is the editing distance of the two-character data segment; disti is the edit distance of two strings; len () is the character data segment length (i.e., the number of characters).
Let the character data segment be st= (St 1, st2, …, stn), sw= (Sw 1, sw2, …, swm). dist is the number of editing operations required to convert the string into another string. If the "wanghappy→waighpepcuj" process has n→i, a→i, p→e, n→i, y→c→u,5 operations, dist=5.
Determining a data segment edit distance to divide the data segment into character combinations st= (St 1, st2, …, stn), sw= (Sw 1, sw2, …, swm); dist1= (St 1, sw 1), dist2= (St 2, sw 2), …, distp= (Stn, swm), dist=min { dist1, dist2, …, distp }, 1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.max (m, n).
Similarity conversion calculation S (S1, S2) =1-dist/max [ Len (S1), len (S2) ], as can be seen from the above formula: s e 0,1, such as "happy→happy", dist= 0,S =1, are considered to be completely similar. And identifying the field similarity as a repeated field according to the threshold value corresponding table when the field similarity is larger than the threshold value, marking the repeated field with different colors, and removing or other data processing operations on the repeated data according to actual service understanding.
S2, constructing a water conservancy model according to the basic data of the area, and drawing a dynamic flood control situation map; the dynamic flood control situation map takes a basic geographic information map as a base map, and any one or any combination of a submerged water depth distribution map, a flood flow velocity distribution map, a flood front arrival time distribution map, a submerged duration distribution map and an evolution process map is superimposed on the base map.
In this step, preferably, the process of constructing the water conservancy model includes:
step S21, a distributed hydrological model based on a topography index, wherein the model assumes two water storage units of a river channel and a slope on each grid of the DEM, the runoff form on the grid is divided into surface runoff and underground runoff, a river basin runoff generating mechanism is full of runoff, the surface runoff is generated by considering that soil reaches grid point water storage capacity, the water storage capacity of each grid point of the river basin is related to the topography index of the grid point, and the relation can be expressed as follows:
wherein: i represents a grid space position; tn (Tn) i 、Tn min And Tn max The distribution is a topography index of the grid i, a minimum topography index of the river basin and a maximum topography index of the river basin; s is S 0 Representing the initial water storage capacity of the river basin; sm represents a change value of water storage capacity of the river basin; m is an exponential parameter.
The model flow producing mode is full flow, rainfall on the slope grid enters soil after evaporation, the rainfall deducts the water storage capacity of soil water to be replenished first after evaporation, and when the water storage capacity of the soil water exceeds the water storage capacity, the superfluous water forms surface water, and the water storage capacity of the surface water is increased.
The surface water can generate surface runoff under the action of gravity, the surface runoff gradually enters the river channel from two sides of the grid, and the surface runoff flow velocity is calculated by adopting a linear reservoir method.
Step S22, the ground surface gradient is used for approximately replacing the underground hydraulic gradient, and the formula of the underground water outflow of each grid is as follows:
wherein: STi is a groundwater outflow threshold value; tg is a time constant reflecting the characteristics of groundwater flow; beta represents the average downward slope of the grid; b is an empirical parameter reflecting the influence of the slope on the groundwater flow, and Si is the slope soil water storage capacity.
And S23, carrying out confluence calculation on flow calculation of each section of river channel on the grid by adopting a Ma Sijing method.
In the confluence calculation process, dividing a part of waterbasins in the construction of the water conservancy model into at least two sub-waterbasins, respectively carrying out grid production confluence calculation on each sub-waterbasin to obtain outlet flow of the sub-waterbasin, and then carrying out river network confluence calculation on the confluence position of the river channel according to a linear superposition method.
And S3, identifying flood risk area division diagrams according to the dynamic flood control situation diagrams and threshold parameters corresponding to the set different risk levels, and marking the flooding conditions of the flood risk areas of different levels according to the identification results.
In this step, the threshold parameters corresponding to different risk levels may be set according to risk level criteria or statistical experience values.
And S4, formulating a corresponding risk avoiding transfer diagram according to the spatial distribution information, population and asset information corresponding to each different-level flood risk area.
Preferably, in the flood risk division map and/or the risk avoidance transition map, flood management non-engineering information, flood risk element information, socioeconomic information and extension information can be fused on the base map information.
In this embodiment, the base map information refers to geographic information with spatial distribution characteristics specified by the national base geographic information standard. Mainly comprises the infrastructures of county-level up-going government areas, residential areas, main rivers, lakes, main traffic roads and the like.
Flood control engineering information refers to information which is specified by a flood control engineering database, has spatial distribution characteristics and is closely related to flood risks. The system mainly comprises information such as a dike, a flood inlet gate, a flood outlet gate, a flood gate, a dangerous construction section and the like in a risk area.
Flood control non-engineering information refers to information with spatially distributed features that manage flood risk in a non-engineering form. The system mainly comprises land planning of a risk area, flood prevention roads, a safety area, a water avoidance building, a safety platform, a safety transfer road, flood pre-warning points, flood prevention materials, rescue teams and the like.
The risk factor information refers to information which is calculated through flood analysis, reflects each factor of flood risk and has spatial distribution characteristics, such as a flooding range, a flooding depth, a flood flow rate, arrival time, a flooding duration and the like.
Socioeconomic information refers to population and asset information within the flood affected area.
The extended information refers to the information which does not have the spatial distribution characteristic, is attached to an object in a certain layer in the risk map or the whole flood risk map, and reflects the flood prevention measure characteristic or the information which is generated, calculated and managed by the flood risk, and is extended by various social and economic information statistics influenced by the flood, and the like. The method comprises the following three steps:
1. the information attached to the whole flood risk map mainly comprises: flood characteristics, calculation condition descriptions, possible loss statistics, emergency plans, flood avoidance transfer information, and the like.
2. The information attached to the objects in the layer mainly comprises: asset information attached to population, resident life, and various industries of each administrative district.
3. Various corresponding information attached to flood control engineering; various corresponding information attached to flood control non-engineering, etc.
Preferably, in the process of drawing the risk avoidance transfer graph, information such as transfer population distribution, transfer route, placement point distribution, transfer time and the like is displayed for reference of flood prevention command decision-making staff and emergency management staff. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And taking a basic geographic information map and a basic flood risk map as working base maps, wherein the basic geographic information comprises four types of data of administrative division (county centers, village and town centers and administrative boundaries), river water system, hydraulic engineering and traffic engineering.
Typically, dynamic flood control profiles include a submerged depth profile and a flood front arrival time profile. The flood front arrival time profile is mainly used for lot division of transfer units.
(2) The risk avoiding transfer map can be based on a submerged water depth distribution map, and a risk avoiding transfer range map layer (the interior of a risk area is submerged by flood and needs to be transferred without being marked separately), a transfer unit map layer, a transfer path map layer and a placement place map layer are added. Meanwhile, in order to clearly express the correspondence between the transfer units and the placement areas, a table object "transfer units-placement areas-population correspondence table" may be added in the figure.
Further, the personnel material equipment map drawing and issuing can be integrated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Personnel (personnel)
And dynamically drawing a personnel distribution map of the risk area by combining the population distribution real-time data provided by the intelligent footprint. Flood grid management is carried out on areas with high risks, responsibility people are set, and information such as responsibility fulfilling conditions, grid current situation, difficulty, solutions and the like is marked.
(2) Material and materials
Flood control materials mainly comprise flood control and leakage stoppage materials such as stone blocks, color strips, geotextiles (seepage-proofing composite), geotextiles, geomembranes, woven bags, steel wire net bags, expansion flood control and leakage stoppage belts, rubber water retaining sub-banks and the like, and materials such as tents, movable generators, emergency lighting vehicles, emergency life boats, life jackets, life rings, rubber boats, small and medium-sized ships, marine engines, special engine oils and the like. Further, a dynamic distribution diagram is made, and the use, purchase and transportation conditions of the material equipment are reported in real time.
Further, the method of the embodiment further comprises the following steps:
and step S5, drawing a live map of the historical flood based on the historical data.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The method for drawing the dynamic flood control situation map is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting and processing basic data of a measured area of a terrain;
s2, constructing a water conservancy model according to the basic data of the area, and drawing a dynamic flood control situation map; the dynamic flood control situation map takes a basic geographic information map as a base map, and any one or any combination of a submerged water depth distribution map, a flood flow velocity distribution map, a flood front arrival time distribution map, a submerged duration distribution map and an evolution process map is superimposed on the base map;
s3, identifying flood risk zone graphs according to the dynamic flood control situation graphs and threshold parameters corresponding to different set risk levels, and marking the flooding conditions of different levels of flood risk zones according to the identification results;
and S4, formulating a corresponding risk avoiding transfer diagram according to the spatial distribution information, population and asset information corresponding to each different-level flood risk area.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the basic data of the measuring area is collected in a manner of oblique measurement carried on-board laser radar scanning measurement, and the processing type of the basic data of the measuring area comprises heterogeneous data processing, abnormal data cleaning, missing value cleaning and repeated data processing.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein a bin pattern analysis is used to reject outlier data values and/or field matching similarity is used to identify a repeat of the determination.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the process of constructing the water conservancy model comprises:
step S21, a distributed hydrological model based on a topography index, wherein the model assumes two water storage units of a river channel and a slope on each grid of the DEM, the runoff form on the grid is divided into surface runoff and underground runoff, a river basin runoff generating mechanism is full of runoff, the surface runoff is generated by considering that soil reaches grid point water storage capacity, the water storage capacity of each grid point of the river basin is related to the topography index of the grid point, and the relation can be expressed as follows:
wherein: i represents a grid space position; tn (Tn) i 、Tn min And Tn max The distribution is a topography index of the grid i, a minimum topography index of the river basin and a maximum topography index of the river basin; s is S 0 Representing the initial water storage capacity of the river basin; sm represents a change value of water storage capacity of the river basin; m is an exponential parameter;
the model flow producing mode is full flow production, rainfall on the slope grid enters soil after evaporation, the rainfall is deducted and evaporated to supplement the water storage capacity of soil water, and when the water storage capacity of the soil water exceeds the water storage capacity, the superfluous water forms surface water, and the water storage capacity of the surface water is increased;
the surface water can generate surface runoff under the action of gravity, the surface runoff gradually enters a river channel from two sides of the grid, and the surface runoff flow rate is calculated by adopting a linear reservoir method;
step S22, the ground surface gradient is used for approximately replacing the underground hydraulic gradient, and the formula of the underground water outflow of each grid is as follows:
wherein: STi is a groundwater outflow threshold value; tg is a time constant reflecting the characteristics of groundwater flow; beta represents the average downward slope of the grid; b is an empirical parameter reflecting the influence of the gradient on the underground water flow, si is the slope soil water storage capacity;
and S23, carrying out confluence calculation on flow calculation of each section of river channel on the grid by adopting a Ma Sijing method.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the confluence calculation process, a part of the watershed in the construction of the water conservancy model is divided into at least two sub-watersheds, grid production confluence calculation is respectively carried out on each sub-watershed to obtain sub-watershed outlet flow, and then the watershed river network confluence calculation is carried out at the confluence of the river channels according to the linear superposition method.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
and step S5, drawing a live map of the historical flood based on the historical data.
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