CN116815188A - Corrosion inhibitor, preparation method thereof and corrosion inhibition component - Google Patents
Corrosion inhibitor, preparation method thereof and corrosion inhibition component Download PDFInfo
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- CN116815188A CN116815188A CN202310916147.4A CN202310916147A CN116815188A CN 116815188 A CN116815188 A CN 116815188A CN 202310916147 A CN202310916147 A CN 202310916147A CN 116815188 A CN116815188 A CN 116815188A
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010441 alabaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of anti-corrosion materials, in particular to a corrosion inhibitor, a preparation method thereof and a corrosion inhibition component. The corrosion inhibitor comprises straw ash, wherein the straw ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass: basic oxide: 1wt% to 10wt%; phosphate: 1wt% to 10wt%; wherein the basic oxide includes at least one of an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide. Through various functions such as adsorption and crosslinking, the corrosion inhibitor can delay or prevent the metal components from being corroded, and is low in cost, convenient to use and environment-friendly. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the components. The corrosion inhibition component comprises a metal component and a corrosion inhibition coating arranged on the surface of the metal component, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is prepared by film forming treatment of a corrosion inhibitor on the surface of the metal component, so that the corrosion speed can be greatly delayed, and the service life of the corrosion inhibition component is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of anti-corrosion materials, in particular to a corrosion inhibitor, a preparation method thereof and a corrosion inhibition component.
Background
The metal member is easily corroded and rusted by air, water and the like in the environment in long-term use, and finally cannot be used. In order to protect metal components from corrosion or to slow down corrosion, the following solutions are generally adopted: a. cathodic protection: by utilizing the electrochemical principle, a protection potential is formed on the surface of the metal component, so that the metal component is not corroded any more. b. Metallic zinc anticorrosive coating: the lead-zinc alloy anticorrosive coating is manufactured on the surface of the metal component, so that the service life of the metal component can be effectively prolonged. c. And (3) organic coating: the anti-corrosion paint or coating is sprayed on the surface of the metal component, so that the metal component can be effectively protected from corrosion for a long time. d. Carbonizing: by carbonization reaction, a layer of compact carbide film is formed on the surface of the metal component, and the metal component can be prevented from being corroded continuously. e. Portland cement-based material: as the metal member protective layer, a material such as portland cement is used.
However, the prior art has no problems of high cost, high construction difficulty and the like, and the corrosion inhibition effect is unstable. In addition, methods a and b consume other metals, method c faces environmental protection problems, method d has high process requirements, and method e is difficult to inspect and affects the performance of concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a corrosion inhibitor, a preparation method thereof and a corrosion inhibition component, and aims to solve the problems of unstable corrosion prevention technical effect, high cost, high construction difficulty and environmental protection of the existing metal component.
In order to achieve the purposes of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor comprises straw ash, wherein the straw ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxide: 1wt% to 10wt%;
phosphate: 1wt% to 10wt%;
wherein the basic oxide includes at least one of an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide.
The corrosion inhibitor can form a layer of compact phosphate and oxide protective film on the surface of a metal component through various action mechanisms such as adsorption action, crosslinking action and the like of alkaline oxide and phosphate in straw ash, can delay or prevent the surface of the metal component from being further oxidized and corroded, and can delay or prevent the metal component from being corroded in the environment. And the straw ash is used as a natural material, so that the corrosion inhibitor provided by the application has the characteristics of low cost, convenience in use and environment friendliness.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of preparing a corrosion inhibitor. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
the components comprising the corrosion inhibitor of the application are mixed.
The corrosion inhibitor can be prepared by mixing the components contained in the corrosion inhibitor, can delay or prevent the corrosion of metal components in the environment when used for the metal components, and has controllable preparation process and stable property.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a corrosion inhibiting member. The corrosion inhibition component comprises a metal component and a corrosion inhibition coating arranged on the surface of the metal component, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is prepared by film forming treatment of the corrosion inhibitor comprising the corrosion inhibitor or prepared by the preparation method of the application on the surface of the metal component.
The corrosion inhibition coating contained in the corrosion inhibition component can protect the metal component from further oxidation and corrosion, greatly delay the corrosion speed of the metal component in the environment, prolong the service life of the corrosion inhibition component, reduce the cost and protect the environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the surface of a corrosion inhibiting member of example B1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the surface of a corrosion inhibiting member of example B2 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the surface of a corrosion inhibiting member of example B3 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of the surface of a corrosion inhibiting member of comparative example B1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the present application, the term "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, which means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a alone, a and B together, and B alone. Wherein A, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, "at least one (individual) of a, b, or c," or "at least one (individual) of a, b, and c," may each represent: a, b, c, a-b (i.e., a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or multiple, respectively.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence number of each process described above does not mean that the execution sequence of some or all of the steps may be executed in parallel or executed sequentially, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application may refer not only to the specific contents of the components, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components, so long as the contents of the relevant components in the description of the embodiments of the present application are scaled up or down within the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the mass in the specification of the embodiment of the application can be a mass unit which is known in the chemical industry field such as mu g, mg, g, kg.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated for distinguishing between objects such as substances from each other. For example, a first XX may also be referred to as a second XX, and similarly, a second XX may also be referred to as a first XX, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature.
The first aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor comprises straw ash, wherein the straw ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxide: 1wt% to 10wt%;
phosphate: 1wt% to 10wt%.
Wherein the basic oxide includes at least one of an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide.
Straw ash in the corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment of the application refers to ash left after the straw is combusted. Firstly, corrosion on the surface of the metal component is mainly caused by acidic substances in the environment, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide in the air, acidic substances in the soil and the like, while the alkaline oxide contained in the straw ash in the embodiment of the application can react with oxygen and water in the environment to provide an alkaline environment and perform a neutralization effect with the acidic substances, so that the possibility that the metal component is corroded by the acidic substances is reduced, and the alkaline oxide can adsorb chloride ions, hydrogen ions and carbonate ions in the environment to reduce the corrosion of the ions on the metal component. And secondly, the straw ash contains phosphate, and the alkaline environment can promote metal ions (such as iron ions) on the surface of the metal component to react with the phosphate to form phosphate, so that the straw ash containing alkaline oxide and phosphate has a certain crosslinking effect, and the corrosion inhibitor is used for the surface of the metal component to form a layer of compact phosphate and oxide protective film, as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, so that the surface of the metal component is prevented from being further oxidized and corroded. Through the adsorption action, the crosslinking action and other action mechanisms, the corrosion inhibitor provided by the embodiment of the application can delay or prevent the surface of the metal component from being further oxidized and corroded, and delay or prevent the metal component from being corroded in the environment. In addition, the straw ash is used as a natural material, so that the cost is low, the environment is protected, and the corrosion inhibitor provided by the embodiment of the application has the characteristics of low cost, convenience in use and environment friendliness. Exemplary compositions include, but are not limited to, the following: basic oxide: 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 7wt% and 10wt%; phosphate: 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, 7wt% and 10wt%.
It should be noted that the straw ash includes alkaline oxide and phosphate, and "including" means that the straw ash may contain other components besides these two components, such as silicate, carbonate, aluminate and sulfate.
In some embodiments, the alkali metal oxide may include at least one of potassium oxide, sodium oxide. In the example. The alkaline earth metal oxide may include at least one of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The alkaline oxides composed of the alkali metal oxides and the alkaline earth metal oxides are favorable for further playing an adsorption effect and a crosslinking effect of straw ash in the corrosion inhibitor, and are favorable for improving the corrosion inhibition effect of the corrosion inhibitor.
In some embodiments, the phosphate comprises at least one of calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate. The phosphates are beneficial to further playing a crosslinking role of straw ash in the corrosion inhibitor and are beneficial to improving the corrosion inhibition effect of the corrosion inhibitor.
In some embodiments, the straw ash comprises a first straw ash and a second straw ash; the first straw ash contains silicate, and the silicate accounts for 10-25 wt% of the mass of the first straw ash; the second straw ash contains aluminate which accounts for 1-15 wt% of the mass of the second straw ash. The first straw ash has better adsorption performance and high-temperature stability performance due to the silicate components (at least one of calcium silicate, aluminum silicate and sodium silicate) with the mass ratio, so that the adhesiveness and durability of the coating prepared by the corrosion inhibitor can be improved; the second straw ash has better reactivity and brightness due to the aluminate components (including at least one of the aluminum kalium and the aluminum silicate) with the mass ratio, and can improve the oxidation resistance and the aesthetic property of the coating prepared by the corrosion inhibitor. Therefore, when the straw ash comprises the first straw ash and the second straw ash, the two straw ash are combined together to be used as the metal component corrosion inhibitor to complement each other, so that a synergistic effect is generated, the coating prepared by the corrosion inhibitor has better corrosion inhibition performance and durability, and the effect is better compared with that of singly using one straw ash. Of course, each of the first straw ash and the second straw ash may contain an alkaline oxide and a phosphate, or the first straw ash and the second straw ash may be combined together to make the straw ash contain the alkaline oxide and the phosphate.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first straw ash to the second straw ash is 3:4-4:3. the combination of the first straw ash and the second straw ash in the mass ratio is favorable for further generating a synergistic effect, so that the coating prepared by the corrosion inhibitor has better corrosion inhibition performance and durability. In an example, the mass ratio may include, but is not limited to, 3: 4. 1: 1. 4:3.
in some embodiments, the first straw ash may comprise corn straw ash; the second straw ash may comprise straw ash. The first straw ash or the second straw ash of the types is beneficial to improving the crosslinking and adsorption effects of the straw ash and improving the anti-corrosion effect of the corrosion inhibitor for preparing the corrosion inhibition coating. And the types of straw ash are low in cost and environment-friendly.
In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor may further comprise at least one of humic acid, epoxy, anti-corrosive pigment, and filler. Humic acid can improve the adhesion and the hydrolysis resistance of the corrosion inhibitor to form a corrosion inhibition coating, so that the corrosion prevention effect of the metal component is more durable. The epoxy resin can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the corrosion inhibitor to form a corrosion inhibition coating, effectively protect the surface of the metal component from mechanical damage, and can comprise at least one of bisphenol A epoxy resin, anhydride epoxy resin and water-based epoxy resin. The anticorrosive pigment can isolate the metal member from the outside, reduce the corrosion of oxygen, water and other corrosion factors, and can comprise at least one of lead-based anticorrosive pigment, zinc phosphate anticorrosive pigment, chromate anticorrosive pigment and silicate anticorrosive pigment. The filler can improve rheological property and filling property of the corrosion inhibitor, improve covering property and permeation resistance of the corrosion inhibition coating, and can comprise at least one of silica sand, talcum powder and mica powder. The components have synergistic effect, and can improve the adhesive force, the water resistance, the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the corrosion inhibitor and the corrosion inhibition coating, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the metal member.
In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor may include the following components in parts by weight: straw ash: 25-59 parts; humic acid: 1-5 parts; epoxy resin: 20-30 parts of a lubricant; anticorrosive pigments: 10-20 parts of a lubricant; and (3) filling: 10-20 parts. The components in parts by weight are beneficial to the components to exert the self-effect and the mutual synergistic effect. The first straw ash and the second straw ash can fully play the roles of crosslinking, adsorption and the like, and under the synergistic effect of other components, the adhesive force, the waterproofness, the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the corrosion inhibitor and the corrosion inhibition coating can be further improved, so that the service life of the metal member is effectively prolonged. In an exemplary embodiment, the components may include, but are not limited to, the following parts by weight: straw ash; 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 59 parts; humic acid: 1 part, 3 parts and 5 parts; epoxy resin: 20 parts, 24 parts, 27 parts, 30 parts; anticorrosive pigments: 10 parts, 13 parts, 17 parts, 20 parts; and (3) filling: 10 parts, 13 parts, 17 parts and 20 parts. Of course, the straw ash may include 10.7-33.7 parts by weight of the first straw ash and 10.7-33.7 parts by weight of the second straw ash, and may include, but is not limited to, the following components, the first straw ash parts by weight: 110.7 parts, 12.5 parts, 16 parts, 20 parts, 24.5 parts, 33.7 parts; the second straw ash comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110.7 parts, 12.5 parts, 16 parts, 20 parts, 24.5 parts, 33.7 parts.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a corrosion inhibitor, which comprises the following steps:
s10: the components comprising the corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment of the application are mixed.
The preparation method of the embodiment of the application can prepare the corrosion inhibitor by mixing the components of the corrosion inhibitor, can delay or prevent the corrosion of the metal component in the environment when being used for the metal component, and has controllable process and stable property. For example, the straw ash may be sufficiently mixed and dispersed in an organic solvent by a dispersing device, and for example, the straw ash may be sufficiently mixed and dispersed with an epoxy resin, humic acid, a filler, or the like by a dispersing device.
In some embodiments, when the corrosion inhibitor comprises the components of the first straw ash, the second straw ash, humic acid, epoxy, anti-corrosive pigment and filler, the mixing process may comprise the steps of:
s11: mixing the first straw ash and the second straw ash according to a certain weight ratio, and then performing heating treatment to dry and remove water;
s12: adding humic acid substances into the mixed straw ash, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture;
s13: adding the anti-corrosive pigment and the filler into the epoxy resin, and then uniformly stirring until a uniform second mixture is formed;
s14: and (3) mixing the first mixture containing the straw ash prepared in the step (S12) and the second mixture containing the epoxy resin prepared in the step (S13) together, and fully stirring until a uniform corrosion inhibitor is formed.
Through the steps, the components can be fully mixed and dispersed, so that the components in the corrosion inhibitor can be fully exerted, and the corrosion inhibitor with stable property, good corrosion inhibition effect, low cost and environmental protection is prepared.
The third aspect of the embodiment of the application provides a corrosion inhibition component, which comprises a metal component and a corrosion inhibition coating arranged on the surface of the metal component, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is prepared by performing film forming treatment on the surface of the metal component by the corrosion inhibitor prepared by the embodiment of the application or the preparation method of the embodiment of the application.
The corrosion inhibition member provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the metal member and the corrosion inhibition coating, and the corrosion inhibition coating contained in the corrosion inhibition member can protect the metal member from further oxidation and corrosion, so that the corrosion speed of the metal member in the environment can be greatly delayed, the service life of the corrosion inhibition member is prolonged, and compared with the prior art, the preparation process of the prepared corrosion inhibition member is simpler, the cost is lower, and the environment is protected. The corrosion inhibition coating is prepared by film forming treatment of the corrosion inhibitor on the surface of the metal component, specifically, the corrosion inhibitor is prepared into slurry and coated on the metal component, so that the thickness of the coated coating is uniform and the coated coating basically covers the metal component, and finally, the coated coating is cured.
In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibiting coating may have a thickness of 2-4mm. The corrosion inhibition coating with the thickness endows the corrosion inhibition coating with better effect of protecting the metal component, so that the metal component is not easy to be further oxidized and corroded, the corrosion inhibition effect is good, and the service life of the corrosion inhibition component can be further prolonged.
In some embodiments, the metal members comprise steel reinforcement. The steel bar is easy to corrode in the environment, and the iron ions on the surface are easier to interact with the corrosion inhibitor, so that the corrosion inhibitor further plays a role in forming a corrosion inhibition coating to protect the metal component.
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.
1. Corrosion inhibitor and preparation method thereof
Example A1
The embodiment provides a corrosion inhibitor and a preparation method thereof.
The corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:
corn stalk ash: 20 parts;
straw ash: 20 parts;
humic acid: 3 parts;
epoxy resin (bisphenol a type epoxy resin): 25 parts;
anti-corrosion pigment (lead-based anti-corrosion pigment): 15 parts;
filler (silica sand): 15 parts;
wherein, the corn stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 10wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 8wt%;
silicate (calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, sodium silicate): 22wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
wherein, the straw stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 3wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 5wt%;
aluminate (alabaster, aluminosilicate): 13wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 20 parts of corn stalk ash and 20 parts of straw stalk ash, and then performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 4 hours to dry and remove water;
s2: adding 3 parts of humic acid substances into the mixed straw ash, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture;
s3: adding 15 parts of anti-corrosive pigment and 15 parts of filler to 25 parts of epoxy resin, and uniformly stirring until a uniform second mixture is formed;
s4: and (3) mixing the first mixture prepared in the step (S2) and the second mixture prepared in the step (S3) together, and fully stirring until a uniform corrosion inhibitor is formed.
Example A2
The embodiment provides a corrosion inhibitor and a preparation method thereof.
The corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:
corn stalk ash: 10 parts;
straw ash: 10 parts;
humic acid: 3 parts;
epoxy resin (anhydride type epoxy resin): 25 parts;
anti-corrosion pigment (chromate anti-corrosion pigment): 15 parts;
filler (talc): 15 parts;
wherein, the corn stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 10wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 8wt%;
silicate (calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, sodium silicate): 22wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
wherein, the straw stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 3wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 5wt%;
aluminate (alabaster, aluminosilicate): 13wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 10 parts of corn stalk ash and 10 parts of straw stalk ash, and then performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 4 hours to dry and remove water;
s2: adding 3 parts of humic acid substances into the mixed straw ash, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture;
s3: adding 15 parts of anti-corrosive pigment and 15 parts of filler to 25 parts of epoxy resin, and uniformly stirring until a uniform second mixture is formed;
s4: and (3) mixing the first mixture prepared in the step (S2) and the second mixture prepared in the step (S3) together, and fully stirring until a uniform corrosion inhibitor is formed.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a corrosion inhibitor and a preparation method thereof.
The corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:
corn stalk ash: 10 parts;
straw ash: 10 parts;
epoxy resin (waterborne epoxy resin): 10 parts;
wherein, the corn stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 10wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 8wt%;
silicate (calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, sodium silicate): 22wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
wherein, the straw stalk ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxides (potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide): 3wt%;
phosphate (calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate): 5wt%;
aluminate (alabaster, aluminosilicate): 13wt%;
the rest components are carbonate and sulfate which do not participate in the reaction;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing 10 parts of corn stalk ash and 10 parts of straw stalk ash, and then performing heat treatment at 400 ℃ for 4 hours to dry and remove water to obtain a stalk ash mixture;
s2: and (3) mixing the straw ash mixture prepared in the step (S1) with epoxy resin, and fully stirring until a uniform corrosion inhibitor is formed.
Comparative example A1
Corrosion inhibitor, preparation method and corrosion inhibition component
The comparative example provides a corrosion inhibitor and a preparation method thereof.
The corrosion inhibitor of the comparative example comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wood dust ash: 40 parts;
humic acid: 3 parts;
epoxy resin (anhydride type epoxy resin): 25 parts;
anti-corrosion pigment (chromate anti-corrosion pigment): 15 parts;
filler (talc): 15 parts;
the comparative corrosion inhibitor only differs from the comparative corrosion inhibitor in that the components contained in the comparative corrosion inhibitor are not corn stalk ash and straw stalk ash, but are wood dust ash with the same weight parts, and the main components of the wood dust ash are potassium carbonate and sulfate;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out heat treatment on 40 parts of wood dust at 400 ℃ for 4 hours, drying and removing water;
s2: adding 3 parts of humic acid substances into wood dust, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture;
s3: adding 15 parts of anti-corrosive pigment and 15 parts of filler to 25 parts of epoxy resin, and uniformly stirring until a uniform second mixture is formed;
s4: and (3) mixing the first mixture prepared in the step (S2) and the second mixture prepared in the step (S3) together, and fully stirring until a uniform corrosion inhibitor is formed.
2. Corrosion inhibition component
Example B1
The present embodiment provides a corrosion inhibiting member.
The corrosion inhibition component comprises a steel bar and a corrosion inhibition coating, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is arranged on the surface of the steel bar, and the thickness of the corrosion inhibition coating is 3mm;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibition component comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly coating the corrosion inhibitor provided in the embodiment A1 on the surface of the steel bar to form a film layer, covering the steel bar, heating to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to enable the film layer to be solidified into a corrosion inhibition coating, thereby obtaining the corrosion inhibition component.
Example B2
The present embodiment provides a corrosion inhibiting member.
The corrosion inhibition component comprises a steel bar and a corrosion inhibition coating, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is arranged on the surface of the steel bar, and the thickness of the corrosion inhibition coating is 3mm;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibition component comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly coating the corrosion inhibitor provided in the embodiment A2 on the surface of the steel bar to form a film layer, covering the steel bar, heating to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to enable the film layer to be solidified into a corrosion inhibition coating, thereby obtaining the corrosion inhibition component.
Example B3
The present embodiment provides a corrosion inhibiting member.
The corrosion inhibition component comprises a steel bar and a corrosion inhibition coating, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is arranged on the surface of the steel bar, and the thickness of the corrosion inhibition coating is 3mm;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibition component comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly coating the corrosion inhibitor provided in the embodiment A3 on the surface of the steel bar to form a film layer, covering the steel bar, heating to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to enable the film layer to be solidified into a corrosion inhibition coating, thereby obtaining the corrosion inhibition component.
Comparative example B1
This comparative example provides a corrosion inhibiting member.
The corrosion inhibition component of the comparative example comprises a steel bar and a corrosion inhibition coating, wherein the corrosion inhibition coating is arranged on the surface of the steel bar, and the thickness of the corrosion inhibition coating is 3mm;
the preparation method of the corrosion inhibition component of the comparative example is as follows: and (3) uniformly coating the corrosion inhibitor provided in the comparative example A1 on the surface of the steel bar to form a film layer, covering the steel bar, heating to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours to enable the film layer to be solidified into a corrosion inhibition coating, thereby obtaining the corrosion inhibition component.
3. Correlation performance test and result analysis
The corrosion inhibition members provided in examples B1 to B3 and comparative example B1 were subjected to an electrochemical polarization test to simulate corrosion to the corrosion inhibition members, and the corrosion inhibition effect of the corrosion inhibitor was detected by the electrochemical polarization test method comprising: the test results are recorded in table 1 below using a standard three electrode system with a platinum electrode as the auxiliary electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode, and a corrosion inhibition member as the working electrode.
TABLE 1
| Case (B) | Corrosion Rate (g.cm) -2 ·h -1 ) | Corrosion current Density (μA/cm) 2 ) | Corrosion inhibition efficiency |
| Example B1 | 0.26 | 70.4 | 88.24％ |
| Example B2 | 0.51 | 86.2 | 80.18％ |
| Example B3 | 1.24 | 145.7 | 77.69％ |
| Comparative example B1 | 3.64 | 312.8 | 51.63％ |
The corrosion inhibition efficiency is characterized by the performance of the corrosion inhibitor for preparing a corrosion inhibition coating, the corrosion inhibition coating can protect the metal component to prevent the metal component from being further oxidized and corroded, the corrosion speed of the metal component in the environment can be greatly delayed, and the service life of the corrosion inhibition component is prolonged. The corrosion inhibition efficiency IE is calculated by the formula: calculated, wherein->And i corr The corrosion current densities of the steel bars provided with the corrosion inhibition coating and the steel bars not provided with the corrosion inhibition coating are respectively shown.
The corrosion inhibition component of the embodiment of the application has lower corrosion rate and lower corrosion current density than those of the corrosion inhibition component of the comparative example B1 and higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than those of the corrosion inhibition component of the comparative example B1, so that the corrosion inhibitor provided by the embodiment of the application has better corrosion inhibition effect after forming a corrosion inhibition coating because the corrosion inhibitor comprises straw ash and the straw ash comprises alkaline oxide and phosphate.
The corrosion inhibition coating on the surface of the corrosion inhibition members B1, B2 and B3 and the corrosion inhibition member B1 of the application after the corrosion by the electrochemical polarization test are tested by a scanning electron microscope, SEM images (50 μm level) are sequentially shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the corrosion inhibition coating of fig. 1 to 3 is still compact, the corrosion inhibition coating of fig. 4 is loose and not compact, the reinforcing steel bar cannot be further protected, the corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment of the application has better corrosion inhibition effect, and the service life of the corrosion inhibition member is longer.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosion inhibitor is characterized by comprising straw ash, wherein the straw ash comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
basic oxide: 1wt% to 10wt%;
phosphate: 1wt% to 10wt%;
wherein the basic oxide includes at least one of an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide.
2. The corrosion inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein: the alkali metal oxide comprises at least one of potassium oxide and sodium oxide; and/or
The alkaline earth metal oxide comprises at least one of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide; and/or
The phosphate comprises at least one of calcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate.
3. The corrosion inhibitor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the straw ash comprises first straw ash and second straw ash; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the first straw ash contains silicate, wherein the silicate accounts for 10-25 wt% of the mass of the first straw ash;
the second straw ash contains aluminate, and the aluminate accounts for 1-15 wt% of the mass of the second straw ash.
4. A corrosion inhibitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first straw ash comprises corn straw ash; and/or
The second straw ash comprises straw ash; and/or
The mass ratio of the first straw ash to the second straw ash is 3:4-4:3.
5. the corrosion inhibitor according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, characterized in that: the corrosion inhibitor also comprises at least one of humic acid, epoxy resin, anti-corrosion pigment and filler.
6. The corrosion inhibitor according to claim 5, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the straw ash: 25-59 parts;
the humic acid: 1-5 parts;
the epoxy resin: 20-30 parts of a lubricant;
the anti-corrosive pigment: 10-20 parts of a lubricant;
the filler comprises: 10-20 parts.
7. The corrosion inhibitor according to claim 5, wherein: the epoxy resin comprises at least one of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, anhydride type epoxy resin and water-based epoxy resin; and/or
The anticorrosive pigment comprises at least one of lead-based anticorrosive pigment, zinc phosphate anticorrosive pigment, chromate anticorrosive pigment and silicate anticorrosive pigment; and/or
The filler comprises at least one of silica sand, talcum powder and mica powder.
8. The preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing treatment of the components comprising the corrosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A corrosion inhibiting structure, characterized by: comprising a metal component and a corrosion inhibiting coating provided on the surface of the metal component, the corrosion inhibiting coating being produced by film forming a film on the surface of the metal component comprising the corrosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the corrosion inhibitor produced by the production method according to claim 8.
10. The corrosion inhibiting structure of claim 9, wherein: the thickness of the corrosion inhibition coating is 2-4mm; and/or
The metal member includes a reinforcing bar.
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| GB2050341A (en) * | 1979-06-04 | 1981-01-07 | Rajah Muhammed P M | Cement manufacture from rice husk/straw ash |
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