CN116811292A - Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116811292A
CN116811292A CN202310634904.9A CN202310634904A CN116811292A CN 116811292 A CN116811292 A CN 116811292A CN 202310634904 A CN202310634904 A CN 202310634904A CN 116811292 A CN116811292 A CN 116811292A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
foam
skin
holes
sandwich structure
glue
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Pending
Application number
CN202310634904.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
党凯
张栋
任川
李一冉
王子龙
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Aerospace Times Feihong Technology Co ltd
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Aerospace Times Feihong Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310634904.9A priority Critical patent/CN116811292A/en
Publication of CN116811292A publication Critical patent/CN116811292A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

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Abstract

The invention relates to a foam sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: bonding the foam core material and the skin by adopting a bonding body and a bonding layer, or bonding the skin and the skin by adopting the bonding body; and (3) pressurizing and heating the formed adhesive body or the second adhesive body, heating and preserving heat, and curing to obtain the foam sandwich structure. The adhesive body adopts the resin glue column to fill the holes of the foam core material, the spacing between the holes is controlled, and the strength reduction of the prepared foam sandwich structure is effectively avoided; and the resin rubber column can increase the interface connection strength of the foam core material and the skin, and is adhered with the foam core material, so that the skin and the skin are strongly connected. The foam core material, the resin glue column and the skin are adhered to each other, so that the adhesive strength of the foam core material and the skin is greatly improved, the problem of debonding of the foam core material and the skin is effectively solved, and the method is convenient and quick to implement, wide in adaptability and low in cost.

Description

Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aircraft composite material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a foam sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The foam sandwich structure material is widely applied to the structural design of the aircraft composite material with the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, high heat resistance, easiness in processing into complex molded surfaces and the like, and the debonding of the skin and the core material in the sandwich structure is a common mode of part failure, once debonding occurs, the bearing capacity of the sandwich structure is drastically reduced, so that the integral mechanical property of the sandwich structure is affected. Therefore, the method has great significance in solving the problem of debonding between the foam core material and the skin.
In the prior art, three different methods are adopted to improve the interface bonding performance of the interlayer foam and the composite material: (1) coating a bulk resin on the surface of the sandwich foam; (2) A glue film manufactured by adopting a body resin is laid between the interlayer foam and the composite material; (3) Adding a layer of fabric with larger porosity between the interlayer foam and the composite material; all three methods can improve the interface of the sandwich structure, and although the performance of the interface between the core material and the skin is improved, the problem of debonding cannot be effectively solved.
In the second prior art, the influence of the interface strength between the foam core materials with three different apertures and the CFRP skin is researched through mechanical tests and numerical simulation, in the manufacturing process, the foam with a coarse pore structure is favorable for resin absorption at the interface, the interface bonding between the foam core materials and the CFRP is stronger, and the method can not thoroughly solve the problem of debonding between the foam core materials and the skin although improving the interface bonding strength to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a foam sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein a resin glue column is adopted for an adhesive body to fill holes of a foam core material, the space between the holes is controlled, and carbon fiber skins at two sides are connected through the bridge action of the glue column, so that the strong adhesion between the carbon fiber skins and the foam core material is realized, and the foam sandwich structure is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
A method of making a foam sandwich structure for an aircraft composite material, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing foam core materials and skin raw materials;
s2, bonding the foam core material and the skin to form a first bonding body, or bonding the skin and the skin to form a second bonding body;
s3, pressurizing and heating the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body;
s4, heating and preserving heat of the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to the pressurizing and heating treatment;
s5, curing the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to temperature rising and heat preservation treatment to obtain the foam sandwich structure.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the foam core material is one of PMI foam, F90 foam, PVC foam, PU foam or PS foam with a pore structure.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the hole with the hole structure is a through hole or a non-through hole, and the hole is one or a combination of at least two of a round hole, a square hole and a triangular hole.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, the S2 is bonded by using a bonding body, where the bonding body is a solid or liquid glue column.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, the shape of the glue column is the same as the shape of the hole, the diameter of the bottom surface of the glue column is smaller than the diameter of the through hole or the non-through hole, and the height of the glue column is smaller than or equal to the height of the through hole or the non-through hole.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where S2 further includes using an adhesive layer to assist the adhesive body to adhere, where the adhesive layer is a glue film, and materials of the glue post and the glue film are both resins.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the pore diameter and the pore spacing of the pores are each 1nm to 1m.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, wherein the material of the skin is one of a carbon fiber prepreg, a glass fiber prepreg, or an aramid fiber prepreg.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, when the glue column is in a liquid state, the glue column is formed by heating and melting a resin-rich layer on the glue film, and then flowing into a through hole or a non-through hole of the foam core material; or a through hole or a non-through hole through which the liquid resin flows into the foam core.
The invention also provides a foam sandwich structure, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a foam sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: bonding the foam core material and the skin by adopting a bonding body and a bonding layer, or bonding the skin and the skin by adopting the bonding body; and (3) pressurizing and heating the formed adhesive body or the second adhesive body, heating and preserving heat, and curing to obtain the foam sandwich structure. The adhesive body adopts the resin glue column to fill the holes of the foam core material, the spacing between the holes is controlled, and the strength reduction of the prepared foam sandwich structure is effectively avoided; the resin glue column can increase the interface connection strength of the foam core material and the skin, is adhered with the foam core material, and also serves as a bridge to realize the connection between the skin and the skin, and the adopted glue column is similar to a rivet and is nailed with the skin at two ends, so that the debonding before the skin is prevented. The foam core material, the resin glue column and the skin are adhered to each other, so that the adhesive strength of the foam core material and the skin is greatly improved. The method can effectively solve the problem of debonding the foam core material and the skin on the premise of ensuring the strength, the rigidity and the weight of the material, and is convenient and quick to implement, wide in adaptability and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a foam sandwich structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, the following detailed description, and similar techniques and methods should be considered as falling within the scope of the present protection. In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved more apparent, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be understood that the described embodiments of the invention are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing the foam sandwich structure of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing foam core materials and skin raw materials;
s2, bonding the foam core material and the skin to form a first bonding body, or bonding the skin and the skin to form a second bonding body;
s3, pressurizing and heating the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body;
s4, heating and preserving heat of the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to the pressurizing and heating treatment;
s5, curing the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to temperature rising and heat preservation treatment to obtain the foam sandwich structure.
Preferably, the pressurizing and heating treatment in S3 is specifically vacuum pressurizing of 0.1MPa, heating to 30-60 ℃ and preserving heat for half an hour.
Preferably, the temperature rise and heat preservation treatment in S4 is specifically vacuum pressurization of 0.1MPa, and temperature rise to 40-110 ℃ and heat preservation for half an hour.
Preferably, the curing treatment in S5 is specifically to heat up to 80-150 ℃ and keep the temperature for two hours.
Preferably, the foam core material is one or other types of PMI foam, F90 foam, PVC foam, PU foam and PS foam with a pore structure. The hole type of the hole structure is through holes or non-through holes, and the hole shape of the hole is one or other types of round holes, square holes and triangular holes. The holes on the foam core material are through holes, namely through holes, are formed in a rolling pin punching mode, the glue columns correspond to the through holes formed in a rolling pin punching mode one by one, and when the foam sandwich structure shown in fig. 2 is manufactured, the holes on the foam core material can be non-through holes.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the porous structure is 1 nm-1 m, which is beneficial to reducing the rigidity loss of the foam core material, facilitating the inflow of the liquid rubber column, facilitating the operability of the insertion of the solid rubber column and increasing the bonding strength.
Preferably, the hole spacing of each hole of the hole structure is 1 nm-1 m, which is beneficial to reducing the rigidity loss of the foam core material, reducing the weight of the structure, and the bonding of each hole rubber column corresponds to each other, so that the bonding strength is increased.
Preferably, the glue column may be liquid or solid before solidification, the shape of the glue column is the same as the shape of the hole, the bottom diameter of the glue column is smaller than the diameter of the through hole or the non-through hole, the height of the glue column is smaller than or equal to the height of the through hole or the non-through hole, in the case of the through hole, the height of the glue column is equal to the height of the through hole, in the case of the non-through hole, the height of the glue column is smaller than the height of the non-through hole, the holes in the foam core material are in one-to-one correspondence with the number of the glue columns, namely, one glue column is arranged in each hole, so that the foam core material and the skin are firmly bonded together, and the density of the glue column is related to the bonding strength.
When the glue column is in a liquid state, the resin-rich layer on the glue film is heated and melted and flows into each through hole or non-through hole of the foam core material to be solidified and formed; or a through hole or a non-through hole through which the liquid resin flows into the foam core.
When the glue columns are solid, the solid glue columns can be manufactured in advance and then inserted into the holes of each through hole or the non-through holes of the foam core material one by one, so that each glue column is ensured to be effective and practical, namely, the glue columns can be bonded.
Preferably, the material of the rubber column adopts resin, and the resin type is the same as the resin type of the skin body or other resin which can generate cross-linking chemical reaction with the body resin.
Preferably, the skin material is one or other types of carbon fiber prepreg, glass fiber prepreg and aramid fiber prepreg.
Compared with the prior art that a layer of adhesive film is adhered to the skin and the core material at intervals, the adhesive film is singly adopted, the adhesive force is smaller, uneven gaps in some places are not adhered to each other, or the problem that the skin foam core material is not adhered to each other easily due to stress debonding is solved. When the adhesive film is adopted as an adhesive layer for auxiliary connection, the other end of each adhesive column is connected with one surface of the adhesive film, the other surface of the adhesive film is adhered to the skin, at the moment, the adhesive force of the adhesive columns of all the adhesive columns and the adhesive film together is far greater than that of the adhesive film used alone, and the adhesive film is adhered in a tension mode, so that the debonding between the skin and the foam core material in the finished product is prevented. When the glue column is in a liquid state, the glue column is formed by heating and melting a resin-rich layer on the glue film and filling the resin-rich layer into each hole of the foam core material in a resin mode, the liquid glue column is used for increasing the adhesive force, and the length of the glue column is the same as the length of the holes or the distance between two glue films.
When the skin is bonded with the skin by adopting the rubber columns, one end of each rubber column is connected with one skin during concrete preparation, the other end of each rubber column is connected with the other skin, the type of resin adopted by the rubber column is the same as the type of the resin of the body of the skin, or other resins which generate crosslinking chemical reaction with the resin of the body of the skin, the rubber columns and the skins can be directly crosslinked together by chemical reaction, and the length of the rubber columns can be selected according to the bonding requirement.
The manufacturing method of the invention is characterized in that the foam core material and the skin or the skin and the skin are connected through the adhesive body, the adhesive body is realized by adopting the resin glue column, if necessary, the adhesive body is assisted by adopting the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer is realized by adopting the adhesive film, and when the foam core material and the skin are adhered, the resin glue column and the body resin on the skin are crosslinked together through chemical reaction, so that the foam core material and the skin are permanently connected. The invention can effectively solve the problem of debonding between the foam core material and the skin and between the skin and the skin, improves the quality of the prepared foam sandwich structure product, reduces the repair rate and the rejection rate, and has convenient implementation, wide adaptability and low cost.
The following are specific examples:
example 1:
PMI foam with the aperture of 5um is selected, the hole type is a circular through hole, epoxy resin glue columns are poured into the holes of the foam core material, then glue films and carbon fiber prepreg cloth are respectively paved on two sides of the foam core material, the vacuum pressurization is carried out for 0.1MPa, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ for half an hour, then the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally the temperature is raised to 130 ℃ for 2 hours, so that the curing is completed.
Example 2:
selecting PU foam with the aperture of 100um, wherein the type of the hole is square through holes, pouring unsaturated polyester resin glue columns into the foam holes, respectively paving glue films and glass fiber prepreg cloth on two sides of the foam, pressurizing by an autoclave by 0.1Mpa, heating to 40 ℃ for half an hour, heating to 60 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally heating to 90 ℃ for 2 hours to finish solidification.
Example 3:
f90 foam with the aperture of 1mm is selected, the type of the hole is a triangular through hole, phenolic resin glue columns are inserted into the foam holes, then glue films and aramid fiber prepreg cloth are respectively paved on two sides of a foam core material, the vacuum pressurization is carried out by 0.1Mpa, the pressurization by an autoclave is carried out by 0.1Mpa, the temperature is raised to 130 ℃ for half an hour, then the temperature is raised to 150 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally the temperature is raised to 180 ℃ for 2 hours, so that the curing is completed.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention further provides a foam core sandwich structure, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method, and comprises an upper layer of skin and a lower layer of skin, a foam core of the middle layer, one layer or two layers of glue posts 2 are arranged between the skin 1 of the upper layer and the foam core 4 of the middle layer, the glue post layers of the two layers are connected by adopting a glue film 3, namely, at least one layer of glue post 2 is arranged between the skin 1 of the upper layer and the foam core 4, and the glue posts of the plurality of layers are connected by adopting the glue film 3 as a connecting medium. The structure setting between foam core material 4 and the lower floor's of intermediate level and between the foam core material 4 of upper skin 1 and intermediate level is the same, when connecting with two-layer glue post, set up glued membrane 3' as connecting medium and carry out bonding connection between two-layer glue post, increase adhesive strength, glued membrane 3 and 3 '' structure and material are the same entirely.
Preferably, the foam core sandwich structure also only comprises an upper skin, a lower skin and an adhesive body adhered between the upper skin and the lower skin, wherein the adhesive body comprises at least one layer of adhesive column; or the bonding body bonded between the skin and the foam core material comprises at least one layer (or two layers) of glue column, and if necessary comprises an auxiliary layer of glue film, or comprises a plurality of layers of glue column layers and a plurality of glue films, or comprises a layer of glue film arranged between the two layers of glue columns.
The sandwich structure of the foam core material prepared by the method has strong adhesiveness, and the shearing force between the foam core material and the skin in the structure is not easy to be damaged and is not easy to be debonded; the tensile force between the skins in the structure is not easy to break, and the skins are difficult to debond.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, and is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or technology of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of making a foam sandwich structure for an aircraft composite material, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing foam core materials and skin raw materials;
s2, bonding the foam core material and the skin to form a first bonding body, or bonding the skin and the skin to form a second bonding body;
s3, pressurizing and heating the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body;
s4, heating and preserving heat of the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to the pressurizing and heating treatment;
s5, curing the first adhesive body or the second adhesive body subjected to temperature rising and heat preservation treatment to obtain the foam sandwich structure.
2. The method for preparing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 1, wherein the foam core material is one of PMI foam, F90 foam, PVC foam, PU foam or PS foam with a pore structure.
3. The method of producing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 2, wherein the type of the holes of the porous structure is through holes or non-through holes, and the shape of the holes is one or a combination of at least two of round holes, square holes and triangular holes.
4. A method of manufacturing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 3 wherein S2 is bonded using a bonding body, the bonding body being a solid or liquid glue column.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the glue posts have the same shape as the holes, the bottom surface of the glue posts have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the through holes or the non-through holes, and the height of the glue posts is smaller than or equal to the height of the through holes or the non-through holes.
6. The method for preparing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 further comprises the step of adopting an adhesive layer to assist the adhesive body to adhere, wherein the adhesive layer is a glue film, and the glue posts and the glue film are made of resin.
7. A method of producing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 3 wherein the pore size and pore spacing of the pores are each 1nm to 1m.
8. The method of manufacturing a foam sandwich structure according to claim 1, wherein the material of the skin is one of carbon fiber prepreg, glass fiber prepreg, or aramid fiber prepreg.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein when the glue column is in a liquid state, the glue column is formed by heating and melting a resin-rich layer on the glue film and then flowing into the through hole or the non-through hole of the foam core material; or a through hole or a non-through hole through which the liquid resin flows into the foam core.
10. A foam sandwich structure, characterized in that it is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.
CN202310634904.9A 2023-05-31 2023-05-31 Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof Pending CN116811292A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310634904.9A CN116811292A (en) 2023-05-31 2023-05-31 Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310634904.9A CN116811292A (en) 2023-05-31 2023-05-31 Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116811292A true CN116811292A (en) 2023-09-29

Family

ID=88111896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310634904.9A Pending CN116811292A (en) 2023-05-31 2023-05-31 Foam sandwich structure and preparation method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116811292A (en)

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