CN116797020A - Coal mine roof separation layer water bursting micro-earthquake early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution - Google Patents
Coal mine roof separation layer water bursting micro-earthquake early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a coal mine roof separation layer water burst micro-earthquake early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution, which comprises the following steps: collecting stratum data of a mining area/working face, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of mining overburden of the mining area/working face; establishing a mechanical model of a mining overlying strata water bursting layer belt structure, analyzing a breaking rule of a lower water-resisting layer and an upper rock stratum of a lower water bursting layer belt used for mining, and finding out a water bursting disaster causing mechanism of the water bursting layer; analyzing the breaking sequence of the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock stratum of the mining overlying strata water-bursting layer, screening, processing and synthesizing a plurality of microseismic indexes on the basis, establishing microseismic comprehensive early warning indexes, and obtaining the precursor information of the microseismic with silt. The method can solve the problems that the method for selecting the early warning index of the water burst micro-earthquake of the separation layer of the mining working face is not clear and the water burst of the separation layer is difficult to accurately early warn.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of mine water damage prevention and control, and particularly provides a coal mine roof water inrush micro-earthquake early warning method considering stratum structure evolution.
Background
During mining of the mining area/working face, due to uneven settlement of the overburden, a closed delamination space develops near the aquifer and forms a delamination body of water. Once the water barrier breaks, a water bursting channel is formed between the ponding delamination and the mining area/working face, and delamination water bursting occurs.
At present, the coal mine microseismic early warning is applied to the field of rock burst, and an early warning method in the aspect of mine water burst is basically to select a fixed monitoring signal to establish a comprehensive early warning index according to an aquifer water burst case in the range of a traditional water guide fracture zone through an analysis method of mathematical statistics and decision theory. For example, the application of patent number CN115130876a discloses a method and a system for judging the risk of water inrush of a deep well mining base plate, firstly obtaining the breaking depth of the mining base plate based on a semi-infinite elastomer mechanics theory and a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, obtaining the pressure-bearing water guide elevation based on a fracture mechanics principle and a Mises yield criterion, and obtaining the thickness of a base plate water-proof critical zone by reducing the breaking depth and the pressure water guide elevation of the mining base plate by using the distance between a coal bed and the pressure-bearing water; then obtaining the water inrush limit water pressure and the water inrush coefficient of the bottom plate according to the failure depth of the mining bottom plate, the pressure-bearing water guide elevation, the thickness of the bottom plate water-proof key zone and the limit balance theory; and finally, judging the water inrush risk of the mining base plate by utilizing the comparison of the water inrush coefficient and a preset value and the comparison of the water inrush limit water pressure of the base plate and the preset value, avoiding the influence of artificial subjective factors in the whole process, and ensuring the accuracy of an evaluation result.
However, unlike traditional mine water burst, the evolution of the water burst of the separation layer is the result of engineering mining and in-situ overburden coupling, and the evolution mechanism of the water burst of the separation layer is different under different engineering geological conditions, so that the response characteristics of monitoring signals of mining overburden in the process of disaster recovery-causing disaster are greatly different; the early warning of the water burst of the separation layer needs to fully consider the evolution rule of the mining overlying strata structure, analyze the disaster-causing mechanism of the water burst of the separation layer, and further select proper monitoring indexes to perform comprehensive early warning, but the accurate early warning of the water burst of the separation layer of the mining working face is difficult to realize only according to the existing early warning method of the water burst of the top plate, so that the early warning of the water burst of the separation layer in the advancing process of the working face has certain blindness, and the mining safety cannot be effectively ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: the application aims to provide a coal mine roof water inrush micro-vibration early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution, which is used for solving the problems that an early warning index selection method of a mining working face separation layer water inrush micro-vibration is not clear and separation layer water inrush is difficult to accurately early warn.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the coal mine roof separation layer water bursting micro-vibration early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting stratum data of a mining area/working face, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of mining overburden of the mining area/working face; the water-bursting separation layer belt comprises a lower water-resisting layer, a water-accumulating separation layer and an upper rock stratum which are overlapped from bottom to top;
s2, establishing a mechanical model of a mining overburden water bursting separation layer structure, analyzing a breaking rule of a lower water-resisting layer and an upper rock stratum of a lower water bursting separation layer structure for mining, and finding out a water bursting disaster causing mechanism of the separation layer; specifically:
obtaining engineering geological conditions of rock stratum of the working face water bursting layer by on-site investigation, coring and indoor test, wherein the obtained contents comprise basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock, space thickness of the water bursting layer, distance from a coal bed, length of the working face and width of the working face;
in the initial deformation stage of the rock stratum, the rock stratum only deforms elastically, so that the elastic mechanical theory is satisfied, and the load borne by the lower water-resisting layer is regarded as uniform load and is equivalent to concentrated force; based on the elastic mechanics theory, calculating to obtain the normal stress and the shear stress of the lower water-resisting layer, and further obtaining the main stress of the rock unit of the lower water-resisting layer;
the upper rock stratum is not affected by the action of water pressure of a separation layer and supporting force of the lower overburden stratum, so that the normal stress and the shear stress of the upper rock stratum are calculated, and then the main stress of a rock unit of the upper rock stratum is obtained:
based on a mole-coulomb criterion, combining the principal stress of the rock unit of the lower water-resisting layer and the principal stress of the rock unit of the upper rock stratum, and calculating to obtain criteria of the damage of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer;
s3, analyzing the breaking sequence of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer of the overlying strata water-resisting layer by using the criterion of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer obtained in the step S2, screening, processing and synthesizing a plurality of microseismic indexes on the basis, establishing microseismic comprehensive early warning indexes, and obtaining the microseismic precursor information of the water-resisting layer of the silt;
if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is smaller than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum during the stoping of the working face, selecting total daily energy TE, average energy percentage per time and total times sigma of the microseism days which are larger than 103J as indexes for participating in microseism early warning; if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is larger than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum during the stoping of the working face, selecting total daily times TN, average energy E and total times F of less than 103J microseismic days 2 As an index for participating in micro-earthquake early warning; if the breaking criteria of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer in the stoping period of the working face are equal, the total daily times TN and the total daily energy TE are selected as indexes for participating in microseism early warning.
Further, in step S1, the process of establishing the geological model of the mining overburden engineering includes the following steps:
according to the hydrogeological data of the mining area/working face, the comprehensive stratum histogram of the mining area/working face and the stratum section, determining stratum layers, thickness, lithology, structure and burial depth of each stratum; dividing engineering geological rock groups, and identifying coal beds, water-resisting layers and water-resisting layers.
Further, in step S1, the lower water-resistant layer is a low-permeability water-resistant rock layer including mudstone, argillite sandstone, siltstone sandstone, shale; the upper rock stratum is a water-filled aquifer, and lithology is one or more of fine sandstone, middle sandstone, coarse sandstone and conglomerate.
Further, in step S2, based on elastic mechanics, the normal stress and the shear stress of the lower water-resistant layer are:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 1，x 、σ 1，y And τ 1，xy The principal stress of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions and the tangential stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 1，1 Sum sigma 1，3 The maximum main stress and the minimum main stress of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; p (P) w The water pressure of the separation layer space; gamma ray 1 Rock weight for lower water barrier; h is a 1 And l 1 The thickness and length of the stratum of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; e=λγh, λ being the support coefficient of the lower strata to the water-barrier critical layer; x is x 1 And y 1 Coordinate values of stress points of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
Further, in step S2, the normal stress and the shear stress of the upper strata are:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 2，x 、σ 2，y And τ 2，xy The main stress of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions and the shear stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 2，1 Sum sigma 2，3 Maximum and minimum principal stresses of the upper strata, respectively; gamma ray 2 Rock weight for upper strata; h is a 2 And l 2 The thickness and the length of the upper rock stratum are respectively; x is x 2 And y 2 Coordinate values of stress points of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
Further, in step S2, assuming formation shear failure, the criteria for upper and lower water barrier failure based on the mole-coulomb criterion are:
σ 1 -Kσ 3 ＝E c
wherein sigma 1 Sum sigma 3 Respectively the normal stress and the shear stress of the corresponding rock stratum; C，/>rock cohesion and internal friction angle of the corresponding rock formation respectively;
the following ratio relation is adopted as the discrimination index of the rock stratum damage, when f 1 (x, y) > 1, the formation breaks:
for the lower water-barrier layer,
for an upper strata of a rock,
according to the mining overburden relation, the relation between the stratum geometric parameter and the working face parameter is as follows:
b＝l-H(cotβ 1 +cotβ 2 )
wherein l is the pushing distance of the working surface and the inclined length of the working surface; b is the exposed length of the water burst separation layer with strata; beta 1 ，β 2 An angle for the formation.
Further, in step S2, if the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock layer are composite layers with different lithology, an average value of physical and mechanical parameters of each layer of rock layer is taken as a calculation parameter of the breaking criterion.
Further, in step S3, if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer during the stoping of the working face is smaller than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum, the microseism comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
ME 1 ＝sta(TE)·sta(E)·sta(F)
wherein sta () represents normalizing the metrics; according to the variation scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, selecting total daily energy TE, and averaging the energy E of each time to be more than 103J of total microseismic times F 1 The normalized dimensions (minimum, maximum) of (1) are (0, 1000), (0, 10), (0, 30), respectively.
Further, in step S3, if the breaking criterion of the lower water-barrier layer during the stoping of the working face is greater than the breaking criterion of the upper rock layer, the total daily frequency TN, the average energy E and the total daily frequency F of less than 103J microseism days are selected 2 As the index for participating in the micro-earthquake early warning, the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
according to the variation scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, selecting total daily times TN and total microseismic times F smaller than 103J 2 Normalized scale (minimum, maximum) score of (a) aAnd (0, 100), (0, 30).
Further, in step S3, if the breaking criteria of the upper strata and the lower water-resisting layer during the stoping of the working face are equal, the total daily times TN and the total daily energy TE are selected as the indicators participating in the microseism early warning, and the microseism comprehensive early warning indicators are as follows:
ME 3 ＝sta(TN)·sta(TE)。
further, in step S3, the comprehensive early warning signal is:
W＝<ME t -ME 0 >；
wherein,,<>as a discriminant function, there areIn ME t Represents the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index, ME at the time t 0 For the microseismic early warning threshold, W is taken to be 1, the index reaches the early warning threshold, and 0 is taken to be 0, and the index does not reach the early warning threshold.
The beneficial effects are that:
the coal mine roof water burst micro-vibration early warning method considering the rock stratum structure evolution provided by the application is different from the existing roof water burst early warning method in that the method fully considers the evolution mechanism of separation layer water burst, establishes a mechanical model of a mining overlying strata water burst separation layer belt structure, analyzes the mechanical mechanism of water channel formation during working face propulsion, provides a micro-vibration index selection method under different engineering geological parts on the basis, establishes comprehensive micro-vibration early warning indexes, and can provide a more guiding reference for timely disaster avoidance during actual production of a mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a longitudinal structure of a water bursting layer belt according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a mechanical model diagram of a water bursting layer rock stratum clamped beam provided by an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for early warning of water inrush and microseism of a coal mine roof in consideration of formation structure evolution according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a time evolution curve of a working surface microseismic early warning signal according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following examples will provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the application, but are not intended to limit the application in any way.
The application discloses a coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-shock early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting stratum data of a mining area/working face, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of mining overburden of the mining area/working face; the water bursting separation layer belt comprises a lower water-resisting layer, a water accumulating separation layer and an upper rock stratum which are overlapped from bottom to top.
S2, building a mechanical model of the structure of the mining overburden water bursting separation layer, analyzing the breaking rule of the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock stratum of the mining overburden water bursting separation layer, and finding out the disaster causing mechanism of water bursting of the separation layer.
S3, analyzing the breaking sequence of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer of the overlying strata water-resisting layer by using the criterion of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer obtained in the step S2, screening, processing and synthesizing a plurality of microseismic indexes on the basis, establishing microseismic comprehensive early warning indexes, and obtaining the microseismic precursor information of the water-resisting layer of the silt.
Referring to fig. 3, the method for early warning the water burst microseism of the roof separation layer of the coal mine specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting stratum data of a mining area/working face, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of the mining overburden of the mining area/working face.
S11, collecting geological data of the mining area/working face, including exploration drilling data, hydrogeological data and the like, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model according to the information of the mined coal bed, lithology, aquifer and the like, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of the mining overburden of the mining area/working face. The method comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the "mining overburden engineering geologic model" refers to a overburden simplified model for defining coal seam mining information (including coal seam thickness, coal seam burial depth, mine area/working face width) and the occurrence position (distance from coal seam) of the water bursting layer zone and the near-field roof rock formation space. The method comprises the steps of establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, firstly determining stratum layers, thickness, lithology, structure and burial depth of each stratum according to hydrogeological data of a mining area/working face and a comprehensive stratum histogram and stratum profile of the mining area/working face, then dividing engineering geological rock groups, and identifying a coal bed, a main water-resisting layer and a water-resisting layer.
S12, the water bursting separation layer belt in the embodiment refers to a composite layer position capable of triggering water bursting of the separation layer, and the water bursting separation layer belt needs to meet two basic conditions: the combined structure of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer is arranged, so that the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer are unevenly settled in the mining process; and the lower water-resisting layer is not developed and conducted in the bending deformation process, a certain water-resisting layer is still kept, at the moment, a temporary closed separation layer can be formed between the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer, and a space is provided for water accumulation of the separation layer. And the closed separation layer space is just positioned near the aquifer, and the upper rock stratum is the aquifer in general, so that the groundwater stored in the aquifer is continuously collected into the closed separation layer space in the separation layer development process to form a separation layer water body, namely a direct water source for separation layer water burst.
The "water bursting layer belt" in this embodiment refers to a composite layer satisfying the above two conditions, and specifically includes an upper rock layer, a lower water-proof layer, and a water-logging layer formed therebetween, that is, the water bursting layer belt includes the lower water-proof layer, the water-logging layer, and the upper rock layer stacked from bottom to top, as shown in fig. 1. Illustratively, the lower water-resistant layer includes a low permeability water-resistant rock formation such as mudstone, argillite sandstone, siltstone sandstone, shale, etc.; the upper strata are generally water-filled aquifers, and lithology is fine sandstone, medium sandstone, coarse sandstone, conglomerate and the like.
S2, building a mechanical model of the structure of the mining overburden water bursting separation layer, analyzing the breaking rule of the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock stratum of the mining overburden water bursting separation layer, and finding out the disaster causing mechanism of water bursting of the separation layer.
S21, lower water-resisting layer basic mechanical model
Firstly, in the initial deformation stage of the rock stratum, the deformation range is smaller, so that the rock stratum can be assumed to be only elastically deformed, and the elastic mechanical theory is satisfied. The load applied to the lower water-resisting layer can be regarded as uniform load due to the pressure transmission effect of the upper laminated water body, and is further equivalent to concentrated force. The mechanical model is shown in figure 2. Based on elastic mechanics, the normal stress and the shear stress of the lower water-resistant layer are as follows:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 1，x 、σ 1，y And τ 1，xy The principal stress of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions and the tangential stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 1，1 Sum sigma 1，3 The maximum main stress and the minimum main stress of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; p (P) w The water pressure of the separation layer space; gamma ray 1 Rock weight for lower water barrier; h is a 1 And l 1 The thickness and length of the stratum of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; r=λγh, λ being the support coefficient of the lower strata to the water-barrier critical layer; x is x 1 And y 1 Coordinate values of stress points of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
S22, upper rock stratum basic mechanical model
Because ponding bed of water is located between upper strata and lower water-resisting layer, upper strata is not suffered bed of water pressure and lower overburden stratum supporting force, consequently the normal stress and the tangential stress of upper strata are:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 2，x 、σ 2，y And τ 2，xy The main stress of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions and the shear stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 2，1 Sum sigma 2，3 Maximum and minimum principal stresses of the upper strata, respectively; gamma ray 2 Rock weight for upper strata; h is a 2 And l 2 The thickness and the length of the upper rock stratum are respectively; x is x 2 And y 2 Coordinate values of stress points of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
S23, rock stratum breaking criterion
Assuming formation shear failure, the criteria for upper and lower water barrier failure based on the mole-coulomb criterion are:
σ 1 -Kσ 3 ＝R c (5)
wherein sigma 1 Sum sigma 3 Respectively the normal stress and the shear stress of the corresponding rock layer, i.e. sigma in the foregoing 1，1 Sum sigma 1，3 Or sigma 2，1 Sum sigma 2，3 ；C，/>The rock cohesion and internal friction angle of the corresponding strata, respectively.
The following ratio relation is adopted as the discrimination index of the rock stratum damage, when f 1 (x, y) > 1, the formation breaks:
as above, B is herein 1 And B 2 B in the foregoing may be selected according to different strata 1，1 And B 1，3 Or B 2，1 And B 2，3 . For example, for upper strata, when f 1 (x, y) > 1, the formation breaks:
according to the mining overburden relation, the relation between the stratum geometric parameter and the working face parameter is as follows:
b＝l-H(cotβ 1 +cotβ 2 ) (7)
wherein l is the pushing distance of the working surface and the inclined length of the working surface; b is the exposure length of the stratum trend of the water bursting separation layer belt; beta 1 ，β 2 The value range for the formation movement angle is typically 70 degrees to 85 degrees based on in situ monitoring.
S24, obtaining engineering geological conditions of the rock stratum of the water burst layer belt of the working face by means of on-site investigation, coring, indoor test and the like, wherein the engineering geological conditions comprise basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock, the space thickness of the water burst layer belt, the distance from the water burst layer belt to the coal bed, the length and the width of the working face. It should be noted that if the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock layer are composite layers with different lithology, the average value of the physical and mechanical parameters of each layer of rock layer is taken as the calculation parameter of the breaking criterion.
S3, analyzing the fracture rules of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer of the water burst separation layer by using the fracture criteria provided in the S2, and establishing a microseism comprehensive early warning index.
Before water burst occurs, the chalk line water level drop represents the formation of a closed separation layer and continuous water accumulation, and the water level drop amplitude and the water level drop rate have important indication significance for forecasting and early warning of water burst of the separation layer. However, the chalky water level change characteristics before water burst are directly indicative of the water accumulation in the delamination (water source) and cannot directly reflect the water burst channel (water-guiding fissure) development. Under the premise of water level drop (meeting the condition of a direct water source), the mining overburden microseismic signal (the development condition of a water guide channel) is further analyzed, and the method has important significance for early warning of water burst of a separation layer. And 5 basic parameters such as total daily frequency, total daily energy, average energy per time, frequency of occurrence of energy day of more than 103J, frequency of occurrence of energy day of less than 103J and the like are selected as microseism early warning indexes.
According to the description of S1, the lower water-resisting layer of the water bursting layer is mainly composed of argillaceous soft rock, the upper rock layer is mainly composed of gritty rock, and the fracture-structure evolution rules of the water bursting layer of the mining overburden rock under different engineering geological conditions are different, so that the response characteristic difference of different microseismic indexes in the period that each working face is close to water bursting is further caused to be larger. Therefore, if the early warning of the separation layer water burst of the working face is to be carried out through the microseismic signals, firstly, the fracture criterion of the separation layer water burst belt provided by the S2 is used for analyzing the fracture sequence of the lower water-resisting layer and the upper rock stratum of the separation layer water burst belt of the mining overlying strata, on the basis, a plurality of microseismic indexes are screened, processed and synthesized in a targeted manner, and the microseismic precursor information of the sand-carrying water burst is obtained, so that references are provided for disaster forecast and early warning during the recovery period.
According to different breaking sequences of the lower upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer, the method for selecting basic microseismic indexes and constructing microseismic comprehensive early warning indexes comprises the following steps:
if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is smaller than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum in the stoping period of the working face, the total daily energy TE, the average energy percentage per time and the total times of the microseismic days which are larger than 103J are selected as indexes for participating in the microseism early warning, and the microseism comprehensive early warning indexes are as follows:
ME 1 ＝sta(TE)·sta(E)·sta(F) (10)
where sta () represents the normalization of the metrics.
The data normalization processing is generally performed by selecting a maximum value and a minimum value of a group of known data for calculation; however, the microseismic comprehensive early warning is calculated based on microseismic data generated in real time by the mining face, in other words, the microseismic data of the unexplored area is unknown, so that the sample capacity for acquiring the maximum value and the minimum value cannot be reasonably defined. In order to unify microseismic early warning of a whole mine (mining area), the total daily energy TE is selected according to the change scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, and the average energy E of each time is larger than the total times F of 103J microseismic days 1 The normalized dimensions (minimum, maximum) of (1) are (0, 1000), (0, 10), (0, 30), respectively.
Case 2. If workingThe breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer in the face stoping period is larger than that of the upper rock stratum, and the total daily frequency TN, the average energy E and the total micro-vibration daily frequency F smaller than 103J are selected 2 As the index for participating in the micro-earthquake early warning, the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
according to the variation scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, selecting total daily times TN and total microseismic times F smaller than 103J 2 The normalized dimensions (minimum, maximum) of (1) are (0, 100), (0, 30), respectively.
And 3, if the breaking criteria of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer in the stoping period of the working face are equal, selecting the total daily times TN and the total daily energy TE as indexes participating in the microseism early warning, wherein the microseism comprehensive early warning indexes are as follows:
ME 3 ＝sta(TN)·sta(TE) (12)
accordingly, a comprehensive early warning signal is obtained:
W＝<ME t -ME 0 > (13)
wherein,,<>as a discriminant function, there areIn ME t Represents the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index, ME at the time t 0 For the microseismic early warning threshold, W is taken to be 1, the index reaches the early warning threshold, and 0 is taken to be 0, and the index does not reach the early warning threshold.
Examples
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and it should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined without conflict.
Taking Cui Mu coal mine in the Erdos basin Yonglong mining area as an example, the multi-parameter comprehensive early warning method for the separation layer water burst of the roof of the coal mine is applied to a certain working face of the coal mine.
1. Identifying the rock stratum of the mining overburden "water bursting layer zone".
In this embodiment, a working face of a Cui Mu coal mine is taken as an example, and comprehensive stratum conditions are obtained by adopting stratum data, and comprehensive stratum rock groups are divided as shown in table 1. According to Cui Mumei engineering hydrogeological conditions, the bottom coarse sandstone of the aquifer of the chalk-line lozenges can be regarded as an upper stratum of a "water burst zone", and the lower water-resistant stratum of the "water burst zone" is a dwarf-line stable mud-forming stratum. The working face has a width of 165m, a trend length of 800m and an average mining height of 7m, the water pressure of the working face chalk system aquifer is 2MPa, and the rock stratum breaking angle is 80 degrees according to on-site monitoring.
Table 1 Cui Mumei mine 21308 face formation conditions
2. Judgment of breaking rule of water burst separation layer belt and selection of basic early warning index
Substituting the parameters in table 2 into formula (6), calculating the F value at the geometric center (1/2, 0) of the rock stratum to obtain the lower water-barrier fracture criterion F1 (1/2, 0) =5.4, and the upper rock stratum fracture criterion F2 (1/2, 0) =6.6 > F1 (1/2, 0) =5.4.
TABLE 2 Water burst separation layer with breaking criterion calculation parameters
The method for selecting the Cui Mumei mine 21308 working face microseismic early warning index comprises the following steps:
according to the calculation of the lower water-resisting layer and upper rock stratum breaking criterion F, the condition 1 in the working face composite S32 is judged 21308, so that the working face selects the total daily energy TE, the average energy E per time and the total times F of the microseismic days of more than 103J 1 As the index for participating in the micro-earthquake early warning, the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
ME＝sta(TE)·sta(E)·sta(F)
according to W=<ME t -ME 0 >The obtained working face microseismic early warning signal is shown in fig. 4. Therefore, the microseismic early warning method based on the application worksW=1 appears in the face twice altogether, and water burst appears in the work after the second early warning, prove that the application can provide the reference for roof separation water burst early warning.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the application without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the application as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The coal mine roof separation layer water bursting micro-vibration early-warning method considering the rock stratum structure evolution is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting stratum data of a mining area/working face, establishing a mining overburden engineering geological model, and identifying a water bursting separation layer zone of mining overburden of the mining area/working face; the water-bursting separation layer belt comprises a lower water-resisting layer, a water-accumulating separation layer and an upper rock stratum which are overlapped from bottom to top;
s2, establishing a mechanical model of a mining overburden water bursting separation layer structure, analyzing a breaking rule of a lower water-resisting layer and an upper rock stratum of a lower water bursting separation layer structure for mining, and finding out a water bursting disaster causing mechanism of the separation layer; specifically:
obtaining engineering geological conditions of rock stratum of the working face water bursting layer by on-site investigation, coring and indoor test, wherein the obtained contents comprise basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock, space thickness of the water bursting layer, distance from a coal bed, length of the working face and width of the working face;
in the initial deformation stage of the rock stratum, the rock stratum only deforms elastically, so that the elastic mechanical theory is satisfied, and the load borne by the lower water-resisting layer is regarded as uniform load and is equivalent to concentrated force; based on the elastic mechanics theory, calculating to obtain the normal stress and the shear stress of the lower water-resisting layer, and further obtaining the main stress of the rock unit of the lower water-resisting layer;
the upper rock stratum is not affected by the action of water pressure of a separation layer and supporting force of the lower overburden stratum, so that the normal stress and the shear stress of the upper rock stratum are calculated, and then the main stress of a rock unit of the upper rock stratum is obtained:
based on a mole-coulomb criterion, combining the principal stress of the rock unit of the lower water-resisting layer and the principal stress of the rock unit of the upper rock stratum, and calculating to obtain criteria of the damage of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer;
s3, analyzing the breaking sequence of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer of the overlying strata water-resisting layer by using the criterion of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer obtained in the step S2, screening, processing and synthesizing a plurality of microseismic indexes on the basis, establishing microseismic comprehensive early warning indexes, and obtaining the microseismic precursor information of the water-resisting layer of the silt;
if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is smaller than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum during the stoping of the working face, the total daily energy TE, the average energy E and the total times F of micro-vibration days larger than 103J are selected 1 As an index for participating in micro-earthquake early warning; if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is larger than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum during the stoping of the working face, selecting total daily times TN, average energy E and total times F of less than 103J microseismic days 2 As an index for participating in micro-earthquake early warning; if the breaking criteria of the upper rock stratum and the lower water-resisting layer in the stoping period of the working face are equal, the total daily times TN and the total daily energy TE are selected as indexes for participating in microseism early warning.
2. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-earthquake early warning method considering the formation structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the process of establishing the mining overburden engineering geological model comprises the following steps:
according to the hydrogeological data of the mining area/working face, the comprehensive stratum histogram of the mining area/working face and the stratum section, determining stratum layers, thickness, lithology, structure and burial depth of each stratum; dividing engineering geological rock groups, and identifying coal beds, water-resisting layers and water-resisting layers.
3. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-vibration early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the lower water-resisting layer is a low-permeability water-proof rock stratum including mudstone, argillite sandstone, siltstone sandstone and shale; the upper rock stratum is a water-filled aquifer, and lithology is one or more of fine sandstone, middle sandstone, coarse sandstone and conglomerate.
4. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-earthquake early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, based on elastic mechanics, the normal stress and the shear stress of the lower water-resisting layer are as follows:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 1，x 、σ 1，y And τ 1，xy The principal stress of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions and the tangential stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 1，1 Sum sigma 1，3 The maximum main stress and the minimum main stress of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; p (P) w The water pressure of the separation layer space; gamma ray 1 Rock weight for lower water barrier; h is a 1 And l 1 The thickness and length of the stratum of the lower water-resisting layer are respectively; e=λγh, λ being the support coefficient of the lower strata to the water-barrier critical layer; x is x 1 And y 1 Coordinate values of stress points of the lower water-resisting layer in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
5. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-seismic early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the normal stress and the shear stress of the upper rock stratum are as follows:
and then the main stress of the rock unit is obtained as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
In sigma 2，x 、σ 2，y And τ 2，xy The main stress of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions and the shear stress of the x-y plane are respectively shown; sigma (sigma) 2，1 Sum sigma 2，3 Maximum and minimum principal stresses of the upper strata, respectively; gamma ray 2 Rock weight for upper strata; h is a 2 And l 2 The thickness and the length of the upper rock stratum are respectively; x is x 2 And y 2 Coordinate values of stress points of the upper rock stratum in the x and y directions are respectively shown.
6. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-seismic early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the criteria of upper rock stratum and lower water barrier destruction based on the mole-coulomb criterion are as follows:
σ 1 -Kσ 3 ＝R c
wherein sigma 1 Sum sigma 3 Respectively the normal stress and the shear stress of the corresponding rock stratum; rock cohesion and internal friction angle of the corresponding rock formation respectively;
the following ratio relation is adopted as the rock stratum breakingBad discrimination index, when f 1 (x, y) > 1, the formation breaks:
for the lower water-barrier layer,
for an upper strata of a rock,
according to the mining overburden relation, the relation between the stratum geometric parameter and the working face parameter is as follows:
b＝l-H(cotβ 1 +cotβ 2 )
wherein l is the working face pushing distance and the working face inclined length: b is the exposed length of the water burst separation layer with strata; beta 1 ，β 2 An angle for the formation.
7. The coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-vibration early warning method considering rock stratum structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, if the breaking criterion of the lower water-resisting layer is smaller than the breaking criterion of the upper rock stratum during the stoping of the working face, the micro-vibration comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
ME 1 ＝sta(TE)·sta(E)·sta(F)
wherein sta () represents normalizing the metrics; according to the variation scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, selecting total daily energy TE, and averaging the energy E of each time to be more than 103J of total microseismic times F 1 The normalized dimensions (minimum, maximum) of (1) are (0, 1000), (0, 10), (0, 30), respectively.
8. The considering formation junction of claim 1A method for early warning of water burst microseism of a coal mine roof separation layer with structural evolution is characterized in that in step S3, if the breaking criterion of a lower water-resisting layer in the stoping period of a working face is larger than the breaking criterion of an upper rock stratum, the total daily times TN, the average energy percentage of each time and the total times F of microseism days of less than 103J are selected 2 As the index for participating in the micro-earthquake early warning, the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index is as follows:
according to the variation scale of each microseismic index of the adopted working face, selecting total daily times TN and total microseismic times F smaller than 103J 2 The normalized dimensions (minimum, maximum) of (1) are (0, 100), (0, 30), respectively.
9. The method for early warning of a water burst microseism of a roof separation layer of a coal mine considering the evolution of a rock stratum structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, if the breaking criteria of an upper rock stratum and a lower water barrier layer in the stoping period of a working face are equal, the total daily times TN and the total daily energy TE are selected as indexes for participating in the early warning of the microseism, and the comprehensive early warning indexes of the microseism are as follows:
ME 3 ＝sta(TN)·sta(TE)。
10. the coal mine roof separation layer water inrush micro-earthquake early warning method considering the formation structure evolution according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the comprehensive early warning signal is:
W＝<ME t -ME 0 >；
wherein,,<>as a discriminant function, there areIn ME t Represents the micro-earthquake comprehensive early warning index, ME at the time t 0 For the microseismic early warning threshold, W is taken to be 1, the index reaches the early warning threshold, and 0 is taken to be 0, and the index does not reach the early warning threshold.
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