CN116794719A - Fracture zone height and water content determination method, storage medium and computer device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture zone height and water content determining method, a storage medium and computer equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: for each sampling point in the seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to the displacement and stress continuous boundary conditions at the interface by combining with a seismic wave plane wave equation; establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data; inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, so that crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained; the height and the water content of the fracture zone are determined according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of each sampling point, so that the spatial characteristics and the evolution rule of the water guide fracture zone can be inversely researched, and the support is provided for researching the change of the reservoir capacity of the underground coal mine reservoir, the reservoir water source and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration application, and particularly relates to a fracture zone height and water content determining method, a storage medium and computer equipment.
Background
The coal consumption in China is a large country of coal consumption, and the coal consumption still occupies a main position in petrochemical energy demand in a certain time in the future. After mining of the coal mine, as the overlying rock mass is destroyed, a three zone is formed above the goaf, wherein if the fracture zone develops in the water-conducting boundary layer, a water-conducting fracture zone is formed, which is detrimental to the safe mining of the coal mine. On the other hand, the water guiding fracture zone is very important for constructing coal mine underground reservoirs and fully utilizing water resources. Therefore, the research on the development height and the water content of the water-guiding fracture zone is of great significance to the safety and green exploitation of the coal mine.
At present, the research method for the water guiding fracture zone comprises the following steps: mechanical analysis, numerical simulation, simulation of similar materials, statistical analysis, field measurement and the like. The mechanical analysis method analyzes the development distribution characteristics of the water-guiding fracture zone by researching the influence of coal seam mining on the mechanical properties of the overburden rock; the simulation method and the numerical simulation method of similar materials adopt physical and mathematical simulation technology to simulate the influence of coal mining on overburden rock and predict the characteristics of underground water diversion fracture zone; the statistical analysis method is used for establishing a mathematical model or an empirical formula by counting the previous data and data related to the development of the water-guiding fracture zone and adopting a mathematical means so as to study the information of the water-guiding fracture zone; the field actual measurement method directly detects the crack development condition through geophysical methods such as drilling, earthquake and the like. The seismic method mainly refers to performing overburden fracture development explanation based on three-dimensional seismic post-stack attributes (such as curvature and the like).
However, non-seismic methods are based on numerical or physical simulations, which are not of great practical application value; the field actual measurement method has stronger pertinence and better effect, but the application of the field actual measurement method is limited due to the high cost of drilling and the influence of the volume effect of an electromagnetic method.
There is a need for a fracture zone height and water content determination method, storage medium and computer device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fracture zone height and water content determination method, a storage medium, and a computer device.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a fracture zone height and water content determination method, comprising the steps of:
the following steps are performed for each sample point in the seismic data:
according to the continuous boundary conditions of the displacement and the stress at the interface, a reflection coefficient calculation model is established by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, so that crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
and determining the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of the sampling points.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the reflectance calculation model is the following expression:
r＝-A -1 i P
wherein r is a reflection and transmission coefficient vector; i.e P Is the incident vector; a is a coefficient matrix, and is related to physical parameters at two sides of a reflection interface.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the inversion objective function is the following expression:
wherein m is a model parameter vector; f is a forward operator; d is the actual seismic record.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the inverting based on the inversion objective function obtains a fracture anisotropy parameter of each sampling point, including:
and carrying out AVAZ inversion by adopting a particle swarm algorithm based on the inversion objective function to obtain the crack anisotropy parameters of each sampling point.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the fracture anisotropy parameter includes: the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness, the determination of the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of each sampling point comprises:
judging whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone or not and whether water is contained or not according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point;
and determining the height and the water content of the fracture zone according to the fracture zone and the water content of each sampling point and the known position information of the sampling points.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are both 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a zone without crack development.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a fracture zone and contains partial water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness of the sampling point is 0 and the tangential weakness is not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to the water guide fracture zone.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the fracture zone height and water content determination method described above.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the fracture zone height and moisture content determination method described above.
One or more embodiments of the above-described solution may have the following advantages or benefits compared to the prior art:
by applying the fracture zone height and water content determining method, a reflection coefficient calculation model is established according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface and combining with a seismic wave plane wave equation for each sampling point in seismic data; establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data; inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, so that crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained; the height and the water content of the fracture zone are determined according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of each sampling point, so that the spatial characteristics and the evolution rule of the water guide fracture zone can be inversely researched, and the support is provided for researching the change of the reservoir capacity of the underground coal mine reservoir, the reservoir water source and the like.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a fracture zone height and water content determination method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method of determining fracture zone height and water content in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a fracture zone height and water content determining method.
Referring to fig. 1, the fracture zone height and water content determination method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s4, determining the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of the sampling points.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the reflection coefficient calculation model is the following expression:
r＝-A -1 i P
wherein R is a reflection and transmission coefficient vector, and r= [ R ] PP ,R PSV ,R PSH ,T PP ,T PSV ,T PSH ] T ，R PP R is the reflection coefficient of longitudinal wave PSV R is the reflection coefficient of fast transverse wave PSH Is the reflection coefficient of slow transverse waves; i.e P Is the incident vector; a is a coefficient matrix, and related to physical parameters at two sides of a reflection interface, and the expression of A is as follows:
A＝A 1 -BA 2
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
B＝T(0)T -1 (h)
D＝-c 13 S x α-c 23 S y β-c 33 S z γ
E＝-c 55 (S z α+S x γ)
F＝-c 44 (S z β+S y γ)
wherein S is x 、S y And S is z Horizontal and vertical slowness, the values of which are related to angle of incidence, azimuth, and media velocity; i.e 2 -1; (α, β, γ) is a plane wave polarization vector calculated by:
wherein V is the phase velocity; g ij ＝c ijkl n k n l Wherein, the method comprises the steps of, wherein,is the propagation direction of the wave; c is an element of the elastic stiffness matrix and is related to the physical properties and anisotropic parameters of the medium.
Wherein M is b ＝λ b +2μ b ，λ b Sum mu b As background medium Ramez constant, there is
In this embodiment, in step S2, the inversion objective function is expressed as follows:
wherein m is a model parameter vector, and the expression is:
m＝[v p1 ,v p2 ,...v pn ,v s1 ,v s2 ,...v sn ,ρ 1 ,ρ 2 ,...ρ n ,S N1 ,S N2 ,...S Nn ,S T1 ,S T2 ,...S Tn ]；
wherein v is p For longitudinal wave velocity, v s Is transverse wave velocity, ρ is mass density, S N And S is T Is a fracture parameter.
F is a positive operator, f=f -1 (W(ω,θ)·R PP (ω, θ, m)), W is a frequency domain wavelet, R PP Is the longitudinal wave reflection coefficient, omega is the circular frequency; θ is the angle of incidence; f (F) -1 Is an inverse fourier transform operator; d is the actual seismic record.
In this embodiment, in step S3, inversion is performed based on the inversion objective function to obtain a fracture anisotropy parameter of each sampling point, including:
and carrying out AVAZ inversion by adopting a particle swarm algorithm based on the inversion objective function to obtain the crack anisotropy parameters of each sampling point.
Before coal mining, overburden rock is macroscopically isotropic, along with coal mining, "three zones" are formed, wherein fracture zone stratum is characterized by azimuth anisotropy, at fracture zone top interface, reflected waves are characterized by AVAZ (amplitude changes along with incidence angles and azimuth angles) rules, fracture zone top interface height is determined through AVAZ analysis inversion, meanwhile, fracture zone AVAZ properties are related to fracture water content, spatial characteristics and evolution rules of a water guide fracture zone are researched by utilizing AVAZ inversion, and support is provided for researching coal mine underground reservoir capacity change, reservoir water source and the like.
Example two
In order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a fracture zone height and a water content based on the first embodiment, where the method in the embodiment of the present invention improves step S4 in the first embodiment, and in the embodiment, the fracture anisotropy parameters include: vertical weakness and tangential weakness.
Referring to fig. 2, the fracture zone height and water content determination method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s41, judging whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point;
s42, determining the height and the water content of the fracture zone according to the fracture zone and the water content of each sampling point and the known position information of the sampling points.
In this embodiment, in step S41, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to the fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are both 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a zone without crack development.
In this embodiment, in step S41, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to the fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a fracture zone and contains partial water.
In this embodiment, in step S41, the determining whether the current sampling point belongs to the fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point includes:
when the vertical weakness of the sampling point is 0 and the tangential weakness is not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to the water guide fracture zone.
Example III
In order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention is an application example of the second embodiment.
The fracture zone height and water content determining method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface, combining with a seismic wave plane wave equation, establishing the following accurate calculation formula of the HTI type thin coal layer reflection and transmission coefficients:
r＝-A -1 i P
wherein r= [ R ] PP ,R PS ,T PP ,T PS ] T Is a reflection and transmission coefficient vector; i.e P Is the incident vector; a is a coefficient matrix related to physical parameters at two sides of a reflection interface, wherein the coefficient matrix comprises crack anisotropy parameters delta N And delta T The vertical weakness and the tangential weakness, respectively.
In this embodiment, the above formula for accurately calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of HTI-type thin coal seam can calculate the reflection coefficient when the longitudinal wave is incident under the condition of known incident angle, azimuth angle, physical property of medium and anisotropic parameter, and the above formula is for the case that the thickness of the medium is thin layer of three layers of medium.
And secondly, establishing an inversion objective function, and performing global optimization particle swarm inversion.
Inversion objective function is the two norms of the actual seismic record and the synthetic record, namely:
wherein m is a model parameter vector including speed, density and anisotropy parameters; f is a forward operator, and is used for synthesizing seismic records by using model parameter vectors, and is derived by the accurate calculation formula of the HTI type thin coal layer reflection and transmission coefficients; d is the actual seismic record.
In this embodiment, aiming at the multipole characteristic of the inversion objective function, the conventional linear method is easy to trap into a local extremum, while the particle swarm algorithm is a nonlinear global optimization algorithm, and the algorithm principle is intuitive, the global optimization capability is strong, and the method is suitable for performing seismic AVAZ inversion. The core of the particle swarm algorithm is a speed and displacement updating formula of particles. Ith particle, nth iteration, speed v of mth dimension im And position x im The updated equation of (2) is as follows
Wherein v is the velocity of the particle; m is the position of the particle; pbest is the historical optimal position; gbest is the global optimal position; c 1 、c 2 Is a learning factor; r is (r) 1 、r 2 Two random numbers; ω is referred to as inertial weight.
And thirdly, analyzing the height and the water content of the water-guiding fracture zone based on AVAZ.
In the AVAZ inversion result, the anisotropy parameter delta N And delta T The data volume of (2) can be used to predict the water fracture zone height and water content. Delta at a certain time depth in the inversion result N ＝△ T When=0, it indicates that there is no anisotropy, i.e., no crack development; when (delta) N ≠0、△ T Not equal to 0, the formation is fracture zone, but is partially hydrated; when (delta) N ＝0、△ T When not equal to 0, the fracture zone is saturated water and is a water-guiding fracture zone.
The fracture zone height and water content determining method of the embodiment adopts a particle swarm nonlinear inversion technology, and has higher inversion precision than that of a conventional linear method.
In the fracture zone height and water content determination method of the embodiment, the anisotropy parameter delta is inverted through AVAZ N And delta T The fracture water-bearing property can be predicted qualitatively.
The fracture zone height and water content determining method of the embodiment performs AVAZ inversion on a seismic data body by combining drilling and logging data on the basis of pre-stack seismic data to obtain anisotropic parameters delta N And delta T Is a data volume of (1); and the anisotropic parameters are comprehensively analyzed, the water content of the fracture zone is qualitatively described, and the water-guiding fracture zone height and water content AVAZ inversion method can be provided in coal development, so that geological guarantee is provided for coal safety and green development.
Example IV
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention also provides a storage medium.
The storage medium of the present embodiment has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method for determining the height of a fracture zone and the moisture content of the above embodiment:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s4, determining the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of the sampling points.
The storage medium of the present embodiment has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, further implements the steps of the method for determining the height and the moisture content of a fracture zone of the above embodiment:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s41, judging whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point;
s42, determining the height and the water content of the fracture zone according to the fracture zone and the water content of each sampling point and the known position information of the sampling points.
The storage medium of this embodiment has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, further implements the steps of the method for determining the height and the moisture content of a fracture zone of the above embodiment:
firstly, establishing the following HTI type thin coal layer reflection and transmission coefficient accurate calculation formula according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
step two, establishing an inversion objective function, and carrying out global optimization particle swarm inversion;
and thirdly, analyzing the height and the water content of the water-guiding fracture zone based on AVAZ.
Example five
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment.
The computer device of this embodiment includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the fracture zone height and water content determining method described above:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s4, determining the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of the sampling points.
The computer device of this embodiment includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the fracture zone height and water content determining method described above:
s1, for each sampling point in seismic data, establishing a reflection coefficient calculation model according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
s2, establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
s3, inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, and crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
s41, judging whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point;
s42, determining the height and the water content of the fracture zone according to the fracture zone and the water content of each sampling point and the known position information of the sampling points.
The computer device of this embodiment includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the fracture zone height and water content determining method described above:
firstly, establishing the following HTI type thin coal layer reflection and transmission coefficient accurate calculation formula according to continuous boundary conditions of displacement and stress at an interface by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
step two, establishing an inversion objective function, and carrying out global optimization particle swarm inversion;
and thirdly, analyzing the height and the water content of the water-guiding fracture zone based on AVAZ.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the embodiments are only used for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for determining the height and the water content of the fractured zone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the following steps are performed for each sample point in the seismic data:
according to the continuous boundary conditions of the displacement and the stress at the interface, a reflection coefficient calculation model is established by combining a seismic wave plane wave equation;
establishing an inversion objective function by combining the reflection coefficient calculation model and actual seismic record data;
inversion is carried out based on the inversion objective function, so that crack anisotropy parameters of all sampling points are obtained;
and determining the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of the sampling points.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reflectance calculation model is the expression:
r＝-A -1 i P
wherein r is a reflection and transmission coefficient vector; i.e P Is the incident vector; a is a coefficient matrix, and is related to physical parameters at two sides of a reflection interface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inversion objective function is the following expression:
wherein m is a model parameter vector; f is a forward operator; d is the actual seismic record.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein inverting based on the inversion objective function yields fracture anisotropy parameters for each sample point, comprising:
and carrying out AVAZ inversion by adopting a particle swarm algorithm based on the inversion objective function to obtain the crack anisotropy parameters of each sampling point.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fracture anisotropy parameter comprises: the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness, the determination of the fracture zone height and the water content according to the fracture anisotropy parameters of each sampling point comprises:
judging whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone or not and whether water is contained or not according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point;
and determining the height and the water content of the fracture zone according to the fracture zone and the water content of each sampling point and the known position information of the sampling points.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point comprises:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are both 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a zone without crack development.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point comprises:
when the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of the sampling point are not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to a fracture zone and contains partial water.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the current sampling point belongs to a fracture zone and contains water according to the vertical weakness and the tangential weakness of each sampling point comprises:
when the vertical weakness of the sampling point is 0 and the tangential weakness is not 0, the current sampling point is judged to belong to the water guide fracture zone.
9. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the memory has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 8.
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