CN116793753A - Layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a stratified sampling device for water quality detection of shallow lakes and a use method thereof, the stratified sampling device comprises a piston cylinder, a sampling part, a first annular shell, a second annular shell, an adjusting cylinder, an air outlet part and an automatic drainage part, wherein a plurality of groups of conveying pipes are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes, one ends of the conveying pipes are fixedly connected with the sampling cylinder, and the sampling part is arranged in the piston cylinder.

Description

Layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and application method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of sampling devices, in particular to a layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and a use method thereof.

Background

The water quality detection of shallow lakes and rivers is to perform unified timing or non-timing detection work on chemical substances, suspended matters, bottom mud and water ecology systems in water, and has an important role in maintaining the health of water environment.

Through the exploration of the inventor, in the prior art, when water quality detection and sampling are carried out on shallow lakes and rivers, a sampling device consists of a traction wire, a sampling cup and the like;

when sampling is performed, firstly, the sampling cup is placed on the water surface through the traction wire until the sampling cup is filled with water liquid, and then the traction wire is pulled to lift the sampling cup, so that water sampling is completed;

through exploring analysis, therefore, in the prior art, when sampling water quality, there are the following disadvantages:

most of the water samples on the surface of the water body can be taken, the water solutions with different depths can not be sampled, and the taken water samples are not representative; even the sampling cup is sunk to the depth of the lake, the sampling cup is filled when the surface of the water body is full, so that a plurality of layers of water samples cannot be sampled;

in summary, the present application provides a layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes and a method for using the same to solve the above-mentioned problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a layered sampling device for water quality detection of shallow lakes and a use method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, most of water samples on the surface layer of a water body can be taken, water solutions with different depths can not be sampled, and the taken water samples are not representative.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a layering sampling device for shallow lake water quality testing, includes piston cylinder, sampling part, annular casing one, annular casing two, adjusting cylinder, air outlet member and automatic drainage part, equal fixedly connected with multiunit conveyer pipe all around of the bottom of piston cylinder, fixedly connected with first solenoid valve on the conveyer pipe, the equal fixedly connected with sampling cylinder of one end of conveyer pipe, sampling part sets up in the piston cylinder for in drawing in water liquid to the piston cylinder, then in the extrusion was carried to the sampling cylinder, annular casing one establish in the outside of piston cylinder through the connecting rod cover, and with piston cylinder fixed connection, annular casing one interior fixedly connected with baffle, baffle divide into two upper and lower cavitys with annular casing one, annular casing two can dismantle fixedly connected with on annular casing one, fixedly connected with multiunit fixed pipe on the annular casing two, fixedly connected with gasbag on the fixed pipe, adjusting cylinder fixedly connected with is in annular casing one outside, air outlet member sets up in annular casing one, air outlet member can produce gas, automatic expansion part when making automatic expansion carries out water outlet member, let automatic expansion part set up in the water outlet member.

In order to be able to take a sample, it is preferred,

the sampling component comprises a second cylinder fixedly connected in the piston cylinder, a piston block fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder and a one-way valve fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston cylinder.

In order to generate hydrogen, more preferably, the air outlet component comprises calcium powder arranged on a partition plate, a conveying groove arranged in a first annular shell, a plurality of groups of first air cylinders fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell and an annular piston plate fixedly connected to a piston rod of the first air cylinders, purified water is filled below the corresponding partition plate in the first annular shell, an upper cavity and a lower cavity in the first annular shell are communicated through the conveying groove, and a second electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected in the conveying groove.

In order to increase buoyancy, more preferably, the automatic drainage component comprises a fixing frame fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder, an iron sheet rotatably installed on the fixing frame, an elastic bag fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet, a pressure sensor fixedly connected to the elastic bag, a third air cylinder fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder and a pushing plate fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder, a third electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder, a controller is fixedly installed on the outer portion of the first annular shell, the pressure sensor and the third air cylinder are electrically connected with the controller, a hinge seat is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, and the iron sheet is rotatably connected with the hinge seat.

In order to adsorb the iron sheet, more preferably, the outside fixedly connected with electro-magnet of annular casing two, fixed mounting has temperature sensor on the baffle, electro-magnet and temperature sensor all with controller electric connection.

In order to release the device, the device is more preferable, the device further comprises a guide pipe, a pull rope is arranged in the guide pipe, one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder, the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected with a handle, and scale marks are arranged on the pull rope.

For convenient dismouting, more preferably, the equal fixedly connected with flange of top and annular casing two of annular casing, pass through U-shaped plate fixed joint between two flanges, threaded mounting has fixing bolt on the U-shaped plate, annular casing one's outside fixedly connected with inlet tube.

More preferably, the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer part of the annular shell II through a fixed rod.

More preferably, one end of the sampling tube is fixedly connected with a valve.

More preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: the guide pipe is held by hand, then the piston cylinder is placed on a lake, and the adjusting cylinder is filled with water liquid in an initial state, and the air bag is in a flat state, so that the piston cylinder drives the adjusting cylinder to sink into the lake under the gravity, and the adjusting cylinder is released continuously along with a pull rope, so that the depth of the device sunk into the lake can be observed through scales on the pull rope;

s2: when the first set depth is reached, the pull rope is pulled to prevent the device from sinking downwards, then the second cylinder is controlled to be started, the second cylinder drives the piston block to slide upwards, and water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder under the action of the one-way valve;

s3: then, any one of the first electromagnetic valves on the four conveying pipes is opened, then the second air cylinder is started to move downwards, the piston block extrudes the sampled water into the conveying pipe, then the sampled water enters the sampling cylinder for storage, and after the completion, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed;

s4: then releasing the pull rope again to enable the device to sink downwards in the lake again;

s5: when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated in the same way, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;

s6: when the equipment needs to be floated, a first air cylinder is started to work, purified water is pushed into a conveying groove by the first air cylinder through an annular piston plate, then a second electromagnetic valve is opened, and the purified water can enter a partition plate and then react with calcium powder, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ++H2 ∈r, so that a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters the air bag through the fixed pipe, so that the air bag is expanded, meanwhile, heat generated by the reaction can be detected by the temperature sensor, a signal is transmitted to the controller after the detection by the temperature sensor, and the controller cuts off the electromagnet, so that the iron sheet is not adsorbed;

s7: after the air bag is expanded, the air bag expands and then can collide with the iron sheet, the iron sheet can upwards rotate after being collided, and the other end of the iron sheet can drive the elastic bag to collide with the fixing frame, so that the pressure sensor in the elastic bag is collided with the fixing frame, the pressure sensor transmits a signal to the controller, the controller automatically starts a third air cylinder and a third electromagnetic valve to work, the third air cylinder drives the push plate to slide, and the push plate pushes water in the adjusting cylinder into the lake through the third electromagnetic valve, so that the weight of the device is reduced;

s8: then under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder and the air bag, the device can float from the deep of the lake without manual pulling;

s9: after the equipment is fished to the shore, the annular shell I and the annular shell II are separated, and calcium hydroxide is cleaned;

s10: and then sequentially opening valves on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the application, the water is injected into the regulating cylinder in an initial state, so that the device can sink in a lake to reach various depth positions, sampling of different depths in the lake is completed, the sampled water can be sequentially stored in each sampling cylinder, the sampling cylinders are independent of each other and are not influenced, and the sampled water is taken out to be representative.

2. In the application, when the device is required to float, a large amount of hydrogen is generated by the reaction of the purified water and the calcium powder, and then the hydrogen enters the air bag through the fixed pipe, so that the air bag is expanded, and after the buoyancy is increased, the device can automatically float in a lake.

3. According to the application, after the air bag is expanded, the air bag expands and then collides with the iron sheet, so that the pressure sensor in the elastic bag is collided with the fixing frame after the iron sheet is collided, then the controller automatically opens the third air cylinder and the third electromagnetic valve to work, the push plate pushes out the water liquid in the adjusting cylinder into the lake through the third electromagnetic valve, and therefore the weight of the device is reduced, and the floating of the device is accelerated due to the action of the hollow adjusting cylinder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an adjusting cylinder according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the first annular housing of the present application;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the area A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional front view of a piston cylinder according to the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a front cross-sectional structure of an adjusting cylinder according to the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the front view of the iron sheet of the present application after being abutted by the air bag;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a front view of the iron sheet of the present application without being interfered by the air bag;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the elastic bladder of the present application;

fig. 11 is a block diagram of a control structure of a controller according to the present application.

In the reference numerals: 1. a guide tube; 2. a pull rope; 3. a handle; 4. a piston cylinder; 5. a connecting rod; 6. an annular shell I; 7. an annular shell II; 8. a convex plate; 9. an air bag; 10. a fixed tube; 11. a sampling cylinder; 12. an adjustment cylinder; 13. a fixed rod; 14. a fixing frame; 15. iron sheet; 16. an electromagnet; 17. a delivery tube; 18. a first electromagnetic valve; 19. a valve; 20. a hinge base; 21. an elastic bag; 22. a pressure sensor; 23. calcium powder; 24. purified water; 25. a first cylinder; 26. an annular piston plate; 27. a conveying trough; 28. a second electromagnetic valve; 29. a temperature sensor; 30. a second cylinder; 31. a piston block; 32. a one-way valve; 33. a third cylinder; 34. a push plate; 35. a third electromagnetic valve; 36. a controller; 37. a U-shaped plate; 38. a partition plate; 39. a water inlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

Referring to fig. 1-11, a layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes comprises a piston cylinder 4, a sampling part, a first annular shell 6, a second annular shell 7, an adjusting cylinder 12, an air outlet part and an automatic water draining part.

In the application, a plurality of groups of conveying pipes 17 are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder 4, and the conveying pipes 17 serve as a valve 19 for storing sampled water to facilitate the subsequent detection, so that a first electromagnetic valve 18 is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes 17, the on-off of the conveying pipes 17 is conveniently controlled through the arrangement of the first electromagnetic valve 18, four sampling pipes are provided in total, the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 18 is respectively controlled, the sampling of four layers can be performed, the sampling cylinders 11 are fixedly connected to one ends of the conveying pipes 17, the sampled water is conveniently and sequentially detected, a valve 19 is fixedly connected to one ends of the sampling cylinders 11, and the water in the sampling cylinders 11 can be discharged through opening the valve 19.

For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,

the sampling component is arranged in the piston cylinder 4 and is used for sucking water liquid into the piston cylinder 4 and then extruding and conveying the water liquid into the sampling cylinder 11;

the sampling component includes a second cylinder 30 fixedly connected in the piston cylinder 4, a piston block 31 fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder 30, and a one-way valve 32 fixedly connected to a bottom end of the piston cylinder 4, wherein the second cylinder 30 is used for driving the piston block 31 to slide in a reciprocating manner, so that external water can be pumped into the piston cylinder 4 under the action of the one-way valve 32 when the piston block 31 slides upwards, and then the sampled water can be extruded into one of the sampling cylinders for storage when the piston block 31 slides downwards; and the check valve 32 functions to allow external water to enter the piston cylinder 4 only.

Further, the method comprises the steps of,

the first annular shell 6 is sleeved outside the piston cylinder 4 through the connecting rod 5, two ends of the connecting rod 5 are fixedly connected with the first annular shell 6 and the piston cylinder 4 respectively, in the application, a baffle 38 is fixedly connected in the first annular shell 6, the baffle 38 divides the first annular shell 6 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the second annular shell 7 is detachably and fixedly connected on the first annular shell 6, a plurality of groups of fixing pipes 10 are fixedly arranged on the second annular shell 7, an air bag 9 is fixedly connected on the fixing pipes 10, the air bag 9 is made of rubber materials or other elastic materials, and is similar to a balloon, as long as the balloon can be inflated and expanded, the air bag 9 is expanded after being used for being filled with hydrogen later, and then the device floats on the water surface.

The specific explanation is as follows:

the top end of the first annular shell 6 and the bottom end of the second annular shell 7 are fixedly connected with convex plates 8, the two convex plates 8 are fixedly clamped through a U-shaped plate 37, and a fixing bolt is arranged on the U-shaped plate 37 in a threaded manner, so that the first annular shell 6 and the second annular shell 7 can be detachably mounted, and the subsequent replacement of the calcium powder 23 is facilitated; and a water inlet pipe 39 is fixedly connected to the outer part of the first annular shell 6, a manual valve is fixedly arranged on the water inlet pipe 39, and the water inlet pipe 39 is used for adding water into the first annular shell 6.

The specific explanation is as follows:

the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outer part of the first annular shell 6, the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outer part of the second annular shell 7 through a fixing rod 13, and in an initial state, the adjusting cylinder 12 is filled with water liquid, so that the weight is increased, and the device can sink into a lake.

For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,

the air outlet component is arranged in the annular shell I6 and can generate air so that the air bag 9 is inflated;

specifically, the air outlet component comprises calcium powder 23 arranged on a partition plate 38, a conveying groove 27 arranged in the annular shell I6, a plurality of groups of first air cylinders 25 fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell, and an annular piston plate 26 fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first air cylinders 25;

wherein, the purified water 24 is filled under the corresponding partition 38 in the first annular housing 6, the conveying groove 27 penetrates the upper and lower cavities in the first annular housing 6, the conveying groove 27 is fixedly connected with the second electromagnetic valve 28, in order to increase buoyancy, when the device is floated, the first air cylinder 25 pushes the purified water 24 into the conveying groove 27 through the annular piston plate 26, then the second electromagnetic valve 28 is opened, the purified water 24 can enter the partition 38 and then react with the calcium powder 23, and the reaction equation is as follows: ca+2h2o=ca (OH) 2+h2 ∈.

So a great amount of hydrogen can be generated, and then the hydrogen enters the air bag 9 through the fixed pipe 10, so that the air bag 9 is expanded, the buoyancy is increased for the device, and the device can conveniently float from a lake.

For further understanding of the technical solution, the skilled person, in the present application,

the automatic water draining component is arranged at one end of the adjusting cylinder 12, and when the air bag 9 is inflated to collide with the automatic water draining component, the automatic water draining component drains the water in the adjusting cylinder 12.

The specific explanation is as follows:

the automatic water draining component comprises a fixed frame 14 fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder 12, an iron sheet 15 rotatably installed on the fixed frame 14, an elastic bag 21 fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet 15, a pressure sensor 22 fixedly connected to the elastic bag 21, a third air cylinder 33 fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder 12 and a push plate 34 fixedly connected to the third air cylinder 33, wherein the pressure sensor 22 is of the type: the weight sensor of DYLY-103, the controller 36 can adopt AT89S52 singlechip, the electric quantity in this equipment is provided by the lithium cell of fixed mounting in annular casing one 6 outside, and the outside fixed mounting of annular casing one 6 has waterproof casing, and lithium cell and controller 36 are all fixed mounting in waterproof casing.

Wherein, the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected with a third electromagnetic valve 35, the outside of the annular shell I6 is fixedly provided with a controller 36, the pressure sensor 22 and the third air cylinder 33 are electrically connected with the controller 36, the fixed frame 14 is fixedly connected with the hinging seat 20, the iron sheet 15 is rotationally connected with the hinging seat 20, when the air bag 9 is expanded, the iron sheet 15 is expanded and then is collided, the iron sheet 15 is collided and then rotates upwards, the other end of the iron sheet 15 drives the elastic bag 21 to collide with the fixed frame 14, thus the pressure sensor 22 in the elastic bag 21 is collided by the fixed frame 14, after the pressure sensor 22 transmits signals to the controller 36, the controller 36 judges that the set value is reached, the controller 36 automatically opens the third air cylinder 33 and the third electromagnetic valve 35 to work, the third air cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide, the push plate 34 pushes out the water in the adjusting cylinder 12 to the lake through the third electromagnetic valve 35, thereby reducing the weight of the device,

as a preferred alternative to this,

the outside fixedly connected with electro-magnet 16 of annular casing two 7, fixed mounting has temperature sensor 29 on the baffle 38, electro-magnet 16 and temperature sensor 29 all are with controller 36 electric connection, temperature sensor 29 model is WZP001, because under the initial condition, in order to ensure that iron sheet 15 can not rock, so electro-magnet 16 circular telegram and iron sheet 15 adsorb, and after pure water 24 reacted with calcium powder 23, produce a large amount of heats, the heat that the reaction produced also can be detected by temperature sensor 29, after temperature sensor 29 detects, with signal transmission for controller 36, controller 36 is to electro-magnet 16 outage, so not adsorbing iron sheet 15, the convenience is followed gasbag 9 and is expanded and contradicted.

And still include stand pipe 1 in this equipment, be equipped with stay cord 2 in the stand pipe 1, the one end and the piston tube 4 fixed connection of stay cord 2, the other end fixedly connected with handle 3 of stay cord 2 is equipped with the scale mark on the stay cord 2, holds stand pipe 1, then places piston tube 4 on the lake, and piston tube 4 drives and adjusts barrel 12 and sink into in the lake, along with the continuous release of stay cord 2, so can observe this equipment depth of sinking into the lake through the scale on the stay cord 2.

The application method of the layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection comprises the following steps:

s1: holding the guide tube 1 by hand, then placing the piston cylinder 4 on a lake, and under the initial state, as the regulating cylinder 12 is filled with water liquid and the air bag 9 is in a flat state, under the gravity, the piston cylinder 4 drives the regulating cylinder 12 to sink into the lake, and along with the continuous release of the pull rope 2, the depth of the device which is sunk into the lake can be observed through the scale on the pull rope 2, and the detection and sampling of each depth are completed;

s2: when the first set depth is reached, the pull rope 2 is pulled to prevent the equipment from sinking downwards, then the second air cylinder 30 is controlled to be started, the second air cylinder 30 drives the piston block 31 to slide upwards, and the water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder 4 under the action of the one-way valve 32;

s3: then, any one of the first electromagnetic valves 18 on the four conveying pipes 17 is opened, then the second air cylinder 30 is started to move downwards, the piston block 31 extrudes the sampled water into the conveying pipe 17, then the sampled water enters a sampling cylinder for storage, and after the completion of the storage, the first electromagnetic valve 18 is controlled to be closed;

s4: then the pull rope 2 is released again, so that the device sinks downwards in the lake again;

s5: when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated in the same way, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;

s6: when the equipment needs to be floated out, the first air cylinder 25 is started to work, the first air cylinder 25 pushes purified water 24 into the conveying groove 27 through the annular piston plate 26, then the second electromagnetic valve 28 is opened, and the purified water 24 can enter the partition 38 and then react with calcium powder 23;

the equation for the reaction is as follows: ca+2h2o=ca (OH) 2 ++h2 +.r, so a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters the air bag 9 through the fixing tube 10, so the air bag 9 is expanded, meanwhile, the heat generated by the reaction can be detected by the temperature sensor 29, the temperature sensor 29 transmits a signal to the controller 36 after detecting, and the controller 36 cuts off the power of the electromagnet 16, so the iron sheet 15 is not adsorbed;

s7: after the air bag 9 is expanded, the air bag expands and then can collide with the iron sheet 15, the iron sheet 15 is collided and then can upwards rotate, the other end of the iron sheet 15 can drive the elastic bag 21 to collide with the fixed frame 14, so that the pressure sensor 22 in the elastic bag 21 is collided with the fixed frame 14, after the pressure sensor 22 transmits signals to the controller 36, the controller 36 automatically opens the third air cylinder 33 and the third electromagnetic valve 35 to work, the third air cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide, and the push plate 34 pushes out water in the regulating cylinder 12 into a lake through the third electromagnetic valve 35, so that the weight of the device is lightened;

s8: then under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder 12 and the air bag 9, the device can float from the deep of the lake without manual pulling, so that the labor is saved;

s9: after the equipment is fished to the shore, the annular shell I6 and the annular shell II 7 are separated, calcium hydroxide is cleaned, no reaction is generated, and harmless treatment is carried out;

s10: then sequentially opening valves 19 on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection, so that layered sampling can be completed.

Standard parts used in the application can be purchased from the market, special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the drawings, the specific connection modes of all parts adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding and the like in the prior art, the machinery, the parts and the equipment adopt the prior art, the conventional model and the circuit connection adopt the conventional connection modes in the prior art, and the details not described in the specification belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art

Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A layering sampling device for shallow lake water quality testing, its characterized in that: comprising

The device comprises a piston cylinder (4), wherein a plurality of groups of conveying pipes (17) are fixedly connected to the periphery of the bottom end of the piston cylinder (4), a first electromagnetic valve (18) is fixedly connected to the conveying pipes (17), and a sampling cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to one end of each conveying pipe (17);

a sampling component is arranged in the piston cylinder (4) and is used for sucking water liquid into the piston cylinder (4) and then extruding and conveying the water liquid into the sampling cylinder (11);

the first annular shell (6) is sleeved outside the piston cylinder (4) through the connecting rod (5), and is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder (4), a partition plate (38) is fixedly connected in the first annular shell (6), and the partition plate (38) divides the first annular shell (6) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity;

the annular shell II (7) is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular shell I (6), a plurality of groups of fixing pipes (10) are fixedly arranged on the annular shell II (7), and an air bag (9) is fixedly connected to the fixing pipes (10);

the adjusting cylinder (12), the said adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular shell (6);

an air outlet member disposed within the annular housing one (6), the air outlet member being capable of generating a gas such that the air bladder (9) is inflated;

and the automatic drainage component is arranged at one end of the adjusting cylinder (12), and when the air bag (9) is expanded to abut against the automatic drainage component, the automatic drainage component discharges water in the adjusting cylinder (12).

2. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the sampling component comprises a second cylinder (30) fixedly connected in the piston cylinder (4), a piston block (31) fixedly connected to a piston rod of the second cylinder (30) and a one-way valve (32) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston cylinder (4).

3. A stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality testing according to claim 2, wherein: the air outlet component comprises calcium powder (23) arranged on a partition plate (38), a conveying groove (27) arranged in a first annular shell (6), a plurality of groups of first air cylinders (25) fixedly connected to the inner bottom end of the annular shell and an annular piston plate (26) fixedly connected to a piston rod of the first air cylinders (25), purified water (24) is filled below the corresponding partition plate (38) in the first annular shell (6), an upper cavity and a lower cavity in the first annular shell (6) are communicated through the conveying groove (27), and a second electromagnetic valve (28) is fixedly connected in the conveying groove (27).

4. A stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality testing according to claim 3, wherein: the automatic drainage component comprises a fixing frame (14) fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder (12), an iron sheet (15) rotatably installed on the fixing frame (14), an elastic bag (21) fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet (15), a pressure sensor (22) fixedly connected to the elastic bag (21), a third air cylinder (33) fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder (12) and a push plate (34) fixedly connected to the third air cylinder (33), a third electromagnetic valve (35) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder (12), a controller (36) is fixedly installed on the outer portion of the first annular shell (6), the pressure sensor (22) and the third air cylinder (33) are electrically connected with the controller (36), a hinge seat (20) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (14), and the iron sheet (15) is rotatably connected with the hinge seat (20).

5. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the outside fixedly connected with electro-magnet (16) of annular casing two (7), fixed mounting has temperature sensor (29) on baffle (38), electro-magnet (16) and temperature sensor (29) all with controller (36) electric connection.

6. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes of claim 5, characterized in that: still include stand pipe (1), be equipped with stay cord (2) in stand pipe (1), the one end and the piston cylinder (4) fixed connection of stay cord (2), the other end fixedly connected with handle (3) of stay cord (2), be equipped with the scale mark on stay cord (2).

7. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes of claim 6, characterized in that: the top of annular casing one (6) and the bottom of annular casing two (7) are all fixedly connected with flange (8), pass through U-shaped board (37) fixed joint between two flange (8), install fixing bolt on U-shaped board (37) screw thread, the outside fixedly connected with inlet tube (39) of annular casing one (6).

8. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes of claim 7, characterized in that: the adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected with the outside of the annular shell II (7) through a fixing rod (13).

9. The stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes of claim 8, characterized in that: one end of the sampling tube (11) is fixedly connected with a valve (19).

10. The application method of the stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: the guide pipe (1) is held by hand, then the piston cylinder (4) is placed on a lake, and as the adjusting cylinder (12) is filled with water liquid in an initial state and the air bag (9) is in a flat state, the piston cylinder (4) drives the adjusting cylinder (12) to sink into the lake under the gravity, and the depth of the device which is sunk into the lake can be observed through scales on the pull rope (2) along with the continuous release of the pull rope (2);

s2: when the first set depth is reached, the pull rope (2) is pulled to prevent the device from sinking downwards, then the second air cylinder (30) is controlled to be started, the second air cylinder (30) drives the piston block (31) to slide upwards, and water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder (4) under the action of the one-way valve (32);

s3: then, any one of the first electromagnetic valves (18) on the four conveying pipes (17) is opened, then the second air cylinder (30) is started to move downwards, the piston block (31) extrudes the sampled water into the conveying pipe (17), then the sampled water enters a sampling tube for storage, and after the sampling tube is finished, the first electromagnetic valve (18) is controlled to be closed;

s4: then the pull rope (2) is released again, so that the device sinks downwards in the lake again;

s5: when the second set depth and the third set depth reach the fourth set depth respectively, the steps S2-S3 are operated in the same way, and the sampled water liquid is sequentially stored and enters the other three sampling cylinders for storage;

s6: when the equipment is required to float out, the first air cylinder (25) is started to work, the first air cylinder (25) pushes purified water (24) into the conveying groove (27) through the annular piston plate (26), then the second electromagnetic valve (28) is opened, the purified water (24) can enter the partition plate (38) and then reacts with the calcium powder (23), and the reaction equation is as follows: ca+2H2O=Ca (OH) 2 ++H2 ∈therly, so a large amount of hydrogen can be generated, then the hydrogen enters the air bag (9) through the fixed pipe (10), so that the air bag (9) is expanded, simultaneously, heat generated by the reaction can be detected by the temperature sensor (29), a signal is transmitted to the controller (36) after the temperature sensor (29) detects, and the controller (36) cuts off the power of the electromagnet (16), so that the iron sheet (15) is not adsorbed;

s7: after the air bag (9) is expanded, the air bag expands and then can collide with the iron sheet (15), the iron sheet (15) can rotate upwards after being collided, the other end of the iron sheet (15) can drive the elastic bag (21) to collide with the fixing frame (14), so that the pressure sensor (22) in the elastic bag (21) is collided with the fixing frame (14), the pressure sensor (22) transmits a signal to the controller (36), the controller (36) automatically opens the third air cylinder (33) and the third electromagnetic valve (35) to work, the third air cylinder (33) drives the push plate (34) to slide, and the push plate (34) pushes out water in the adjusting cylinder (12) into a lake through the third electromagnetic valve (35), so that the weight of the device is lightened;

s8: then under the buoyancy action of the adjusting cylinder (12) and the air bag (9), the device can float from the deep of the lake without manual pulling;

s9: after the equipment is fished to the shore, the annular shell I (6) and the annular shell II (7) are separated, and calcium hydroxide is cleaned;

s10: and then sequentially opening valves (19) on the four sampling cylinders, taking out water samples with different water depths, and then carrying out subsequent detection.