CN116793494A - MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method, system and computer equipment based on sequence matching - Google Patents
MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method, system and computer equipment based on sequence matching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching, which comprises the following steps: preprocessing an input spectrum; inversion of a matching channel of a standard spectrum characteristic wave band; correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected; and (5) interpolating and outputting the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured. The application also provides a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration system and computer equipment based on the sequence matching. According to the application, the spectrum absorption structure and the continuity are enhanced in a characteristic enhancement and channel interpolation mode, so that the segmentation and calibration in adjacent channels are realized, the resolution of a spectrum calibration algorithm is obviously improved, and the spectrum calibration precision is increased. Compared with a global convolution method, the sequence matching algorithm combines the characteristics of MAX-DOAS spectrum detection signal to noise ratio, selects a detection center wave band with high signal to noise ratio to perform global wavelength inversion, and reduces the influence of instrument probability error on calibration.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of MAX-DOAS inversion, in particular to an MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method, system and computer equipment based on sequence matching.
Background
MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential absorption spectroscopy) is widely used as an important ground-based telemetry because it can continuously develop stereoscopic monitoring for a variety of atmospheric key pollutants. The working principle is as follows: the instrument receives solar spectrums with differences by changing the elevation angle of the telescope, forms an electric signal on the ultraviolet-visible imaging spectrometer, and then expands the inversion of the space-time distribution of the pollutants according to the spectrum absorption characteristics of each wave band of the atmospheric pollutants. Accurate channel-wavelength response is a prerequisite for MAX-DOAS accurate inversion. An accurate wavelength scaling algorithm is an important precondition for determining the accuracy of the MAX-DOAS inversion.
The existing MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration method mainly comprises two types: external light source methods and solar spectroscopy.
The external light source method adopts standard light source to expand ultraviolet visible wave band channel calibration, mainly adopts the wavelength calibration work of characteristic absorption peak expansion characteristic absorption channel of mercury lamp in 200-400nm wave band. The method has the advantages of accuracy and simplicity, but has partial defects: 1. the instrument needs to be adjusted and accessed into a standard mercury lamp light source, and strict operation requirements are met, calibration work is difficult to automate, and drift of a spectrometer cannot be corrected in real time. 2. Mercury lamps produce intense ultraviolet light and incorrect use may be a health hazard.
The solar spectrum method is to invert the wavelength function of each channel of the spectrum to be measured by utilizing the standard solar spectrum and combining with the Fraunhofer absorption structure. The method does not need an external light source, and realizes the automation of spectrum calibration. The existing solar spectrum method mainly utilizes a convolution method and combines solar absorption spectrum with ultra-high resolution to perform expansion calibration on solar spectrum with lower resolution. This approach has two disadvantages: 1. the standard solar absorption spectrum has higher resolution requirement, and the matching property of the ultra-high resolution standard solar spectrum and the low resolution MAX-DOAS solar spectrum is not completely consistent. 2. The method only realizes the matching of the MAX-DOAS channel and the wave band of the standard solar spectrum at present, and the spectrum tiny offset of the MAX-DOAS sub-channel level cannot be realized due to the lack of fusion interpolation means. But this is a ubiquitous phenomena of light bleaching.
Meanwhile, the receiving spectrum of MAX-DOAS is that sunlight is transmitted to a spectrometer through single slit diffraction, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of a central channel is high and the signal-to-noise ratio of an edge channel is low. Unreasonable scaling channel choices also tend to cause probabilistic errors to affect scaling accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application aims to provide a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method, a system and computer equipment based on sequence matching, which select a central detection band and a standard solar spectrum with lower resolution according to MAX-DOAS spectrum detection characteristics and realize MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration work by using the sequence matching method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing an input spectrum;
s2: inversion of a matching channel of a standard spectrum characteristic wave band;
s3: correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
s4: and (5) interpolating and outputting the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
Further, the spectrum pretreatment in the step S1 refers to: by feature enhancement and matching channel initialization of the absorbent structure.
Further, the characteristic enhancement adopts a peak method and a gradient method.
Furthermore, the initialization setting of the matching channel selects a standard spectrum band of a central 1/2 band according to the signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer.
Further, the matching channel inversion of the standard spectral feature band in the step S2 refers to: and selecting a matching interval of the spectrum to be detected, realizing the matching with a standard spectrum channel in an interval interpolation mode, and obtaining the optimal matching of a cost function in a channel range by transforming the channel through an optimization algorithm.
Further, the correction of the spectral shift of the to-be-measured spectrum sub-channel stage in the step S3 refers to: and (3) introducing a channel segmentation method on the basis of the starting channel and the ending channel of the best matching channel obtained in the step (S2), expanding intra-neighborhood segmentation interpolation, and optimizing the best matching channel to segmentation points in the channel through the optimization process of the step (S2).
Further, the interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectral channel to be measured in the step S4 means: and combining the standard spectrum wavelength with the channel of the spectrum to be detected in a linear interpolation mode, and outputting the channel wavelength response relation of the spectrum to be detected.
Further, the calculating process of the wavelength interpolation and output of the spectrum channel to be measured in the step S4 is as follows:
the spectrometer signal is defined as:
wherein S represents a signal sequence, x i Represent channels, w i Representing wavelength information corresponding to a channel, l i Representing the corresponding light intensity signals of the channels, the calibration task of the spectrometer with the number of N, MAX-DOAS is to obtain the wavelength signal w under each channel i ；
The back calculation of the wavelength is realized by adopting a linear interpolation mode, because sunlight belongs to continuous parallel light, enters a slit through collimation, namely a slit width D, a diffraction angle theta, a diffraction fringe order m and a wavelength lambda obey a fraunhofer single slit diffraction formula:
Dsinθ＝mλ (2)
through the above, because the slit width of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer is in the order of hundred micrometers, the detection band channels can only deduce that the maximum diffraction ultraviolet visible light intensity received by each channel P corresponds to the central wavelength lambda within a small range (lambda) 1 →λ 2 ) Has linear separable properties:
therefore, the inverse calculation of the wavelength of the characteristic screening channel wavelength can be developed in a linear interpolation mode, and therefore only the channel response relation of the standard spectrum characteristic wave band is needed to be obtained;
firstly, establishing an evaluation system of sequence matching, determining the matching degree between sequences through an evaluation function, searching the most matching according to the evaluation function, selecting a discretization evaluation function through a one-to-one correspondence between an interpolation mode and a standard spectrum characteristic wave band, and adopting a mean square error function Loss (l), wherein the definition is as follows:
wherein l represents the light intensity of the standard spectrum, s, e represents the starting and ending channels of the wave band selected by the characteristics of the standard spectrum, and the estimated light intensity is obtained by interpolationThe method can realize that (s, e) can be matched with any spectrum channel (p, q) to be detected, and the wavelength function w of each channel x is reversely calculated through the spectrum channel (p, q) matched with the spectrum to be detected, and under the linear property of the formula (3), the wavelength function is expressed as:
wherein w is new Representing the interpolated wavelength function, w s And w e The optimal purpose of inversion is to search the parameters of the matching bands (p, q) of the spectrum to be measured when the function of the minimum value is searched, namely:
and finally, solving the optimal matching through a formula (6), and substituting the wave band through a formula (5) to realize wavelength calibration.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application also provides a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration system based on sequence matching, which comprises the following modules:
and a pretreatment module: preprocessing for input spectra;
and an inversion module: matching channel inversion for standard spectral feature bands;
an offset correction module: the method is used for correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
and a scaling module: the method is used for interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application also provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the automatic scaling method as described above.
The beneficial effects are that: (1) According to the application, the spectrum absorption structure and the continuity are enhanced in a characteristic enhancement and channel interpolation mode, so that the segmentation and calibration in adjacent channels are realized, the resolution of a spectrum calibration algorithm is obviously improved, and the spectrum calibration precision is increased. (2) Compared with a global convolution method, the sequence matching algorithm combines the characteristics of MAX-DOAS spectrum detection signal to noise ratio, selects a detection center wave band with high signal to noise ratio to perform global wavelength inversion, and reduces the influence of instrument probability error on calibration. (3) According to the application, dependence on an external light source is reduced, and solar spectrum is used for replacing the external light source, so that manual operation is reduced, meanwhile, the requirement on the resolution of a standard light source is reduced, and the automation of MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an algorithm main body of an automatic MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration method based on sequence matching according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sequence matching problem of an MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the calibration result of the MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for automatically calibrating MAX-DOAS wavelength based on sequence matching according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
See fig. 1-4: a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching comprises the following steps:
s1: preprocessing an input spectrum;
s2: inversion of a matching channel of a standard spectrum characteristic wave band;
s3: correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
s4: and (5) interpolating and outputting the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
The current MAX-DOAS calibration algorithm is based on the calibration of a spectrometer channel, the sequence matching method of the embodiment enhances the continuity of a spectrum by an interpolation mode, realizes the segmentation and calibration in adjacent channels, remarkably improves the resolution of the spectrum calibration algorithm and increases the spectrum calibration precision.
In a specific example, the spectral preprocessing in step S1 refers to: the characteristic enhancement and the matching channel initialization setting are carried out on the absorption structure, wherein the characteristic enhancement adopts a peak value method and a gradient method, and the matching channel initialization setting selects a standard spectrum band with a 1/2 band center according to the signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer.
According to the embodiment, the differentiation of the global optimum and the sub-optimum of the cost function by 20-40% can be obtained through a peak method and a gradient method, and the defect of continuity of the original spectrum cost function is obviously solved.
The channel initialization of the embodiment selects a standard spectrum band with a 1/2 band center according to the signal-to-noise ratio characteristic of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer, and ensures that the spectrum detection error is lower.
In this embodiment, scaling may be achieved by selecting fewer MAX-DOAS channels. Compared with a global convolution method, the sequence matching algorithm combines the characteristics of MAX-DOAS spectrum detection signal to noise ratio, and the detection center wave band with high signal to noise ratio is selected for global wavelength inversion, so that the influence of instrument probability errors on calibration is reduced.
The embodiment reduces dependence on an external light source, uses solar spectrum to replace the external light source, reduces manual operation, and realizes the automation of MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration.
In a specific example, the matching channel inversion of the standard spectral feature band in step S2 refers to: and selecting a matching interval of the spectrum to be detected, realizing the matching with a standard spectrum channel in an interval interpolation mode, and obtaining the optimal matching of a cost function in a channel range by transforming the channel through an optimization algorithm.
In the embodiment, the interpolation mode has small influence on the algorithm under the MAX-DOAS resolution, so that linear interpolation is selected.
In a specific example, the correction of the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel stage to be measured in the step S3 refers to: and (3) introducing a channel segmentation method on the basis of the starting channel and the ending channel of the best matching channel obtained in the step (S2), expanding intra-neighborhood segmentation interpolation, and optimizing the best matching channel to segmentation points in the channel through the optimization process of the step (S2).
The neighborhood of the embodiment refers to adjacent channels, so that the segmentation and calibration in the adjacent channels are realized, the resolution of a spectrum calibration algorithm is obviously improved, and the spectrum calibration precision is increased.
The sub-channel level spectrum drift correction method based on channel segmentation and interpolation realizes the light drift which cannot be distinguished by the original channel.
In a specific example, the interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectral channel to be measured in the step S4 refers to: and combining the standard spectrum wavelength with the channel of the spectrum to be detected in a linear interpolation mode, and outputting the channel wavelength response relation of the spectrum to be detected.
In a specific example, the calculation process of the wavelength interpolation and output of the spectrum channel to be measured in the step S4 is as follows:
the spectrometer signal is defined as:
wherein S represents a signal sequence, x i Represent channels, w i Representing wavelength information corresponding to a channel, l i Representing the corresponding light intensity signals of the channels, the calibration task of the spectrometer with the number of N, MAX-DOAS is to obtain the wavelength signal w under each channel i ；
The back calculation of the wavelength is realized by adopting a linear interpolation mode, because sunlight belongs to continuous parallel light, enters a slit through collimation, namely a slit width D, a diffraction angle theta, a diffraction fringe order m and a wavelength lambda obey a fraunhofer single slit diffraction formula:
Dsinθ＝mλ (2)
through the above, because the slit width of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer is in the order of hundred micrometers, the detection band channels can only deduce that the maximum diffraction ultraviolet visible light intensity received by each channel P corresponds to the central wavelength lambda within a small range (lambda) 1 →λ 2 ) Has linear separable properties:
therefore, the inverse calculation of the wavelength of the characteristic screening channel wavelength can be developed in a linear interpolation mode, and therefore only the channel response relation of the standard spectrum characteristic wave band is needed to be obtained;
firstly, establishing an evaluation system of sequence matching, determining the matching degree between sequences through an evaluation function, searching the most matching according to the evaluation function, selecting a discretization evaluation function through a one-to-one correspondence between an interpolation mode and a standard spectrum characteristic wave band, and adopting a mean square error function Loss (l), wherein the definition is as follows:
wherein l represents the light intensity of the standard spectrum, s, e represents the starting and ending channels of the wave band selected by the characteristics of the standard spectrum, and the estimated light intensity is obtained by interpolationThe method can realize that (s, e) can be matched with any spectrum channel (p, q) to be detected, and the wavelength function w of each channel x is reversely calculated through the spectrum channel (p, q) matched with the spectrum to be detected, and under the linear property of the formula (3), the wavelength function is expressed as:
wherein w is new Representing the interpolated wavelength function, w s And w e The optimal purpose of inversion is to search the parameters of the matching bands (p, q) of the spectrum to be measured when the function of the minimum value is searched, namely:
and finally, solving the optimal matching through a formula (6), and substituting the wave band through a formula (5) to realize wavelength calibration.
The method for enhancing the solar Fraunhofer structure based on feature extraction in the embodiment combines standardization to realize normal distribution so as to ensure that a cost function keeps converging in a computing mode.
The local search algorithm of this embodiment implements channel transformation and optimization. The channel range for finding the optimal solution is searched by the original spectrum gradient mode, and then the cost function in the spectrum searching range with the enhanced characteristics is optimized.
This embodiment reduces the requirements for standard spectral resolution. Compared with a convolution method, the sequence matching fusion interpolation can effectively reduce the requirement on the standard solar spectrum resolution, and the method can be used for detecting the solar spectrum with the resolution close to that of MAX-DOAS.
The present embodiment achieves spectral sub-channel level drift correction. The channel segmentation method is introduced, segmentation and interpolation are developed in the field of the optimal matching channel, the drift correction of the sub-channel level is realized, and the wavelength calibration resolution is effectively improved.
Example 2
To achieve the above object, see fig. 5: the embodiment also provides a MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration system based on sequence matching, which comprises the following modules:
and a pretreatment module: preprocessing for input spectra;
and an inversion module: matching channel inversion for standard spectral feature bands;
an offset correction module: the method is used for correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
and a scaling module: the method is used for interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
Example 3
In order to achieve the above object, the present embodiment further provides a computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, which when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the automatic scaling method as described above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program for instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, may include processes in the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preprocessing an input spectrum;
s2: inversion of a matching channel of a standard spectrum characteristic wave band;
s3: correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
s4: and (5) interpolating and outputting the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
2. The MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to claim 1, wherein the spectral preprocessing in step S1 means: by feature enhancement and matching channel initialization of the absorbent structure.
3. The MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to claim 2, wherein the feature enhancement adopts a peak method and a gradient method.
4. The automatic MAX-DOAS wavelength calibration method based on sequence matching according to claim 2, wherein the matching channel initialization setting selects a standard spectrum band of a central 1/2 band according to signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of a MAX-DOAS spectrometer.
5. The MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration method based on sequence matching according to claim 1, wherein the matching channel inversion of the standard spectral feature band of step S2 means: and selecting a matching interval of the spectrum to be detected, realizing the matching with a standard spectrum channel in an interval interpolation mode, and obtaining the optimal matching of a cost function in a channel range by transforming the channel through an optimization algorithm.
6. The automatic calibration method for MAX-DOAS wavelength based on sequence matching according to claim 5, wherein the correction of spectral shift of the to-be-measured spectrum sub-channel stage in step S3 means: and (3) introducing a channel segmentation method on the basis of the starting channel and the ending channel of the best matching channel obtained in the step (S2), expanding intra-neighborhood segmentation interpolation, and optimizing the best matching channel to segmentation points in the channel through the optimization process of the step (S2).
7. The automatic calibration method for MAX-DOAS wavelength based on sequence matching according to claim 6, wherein the interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectral channel to be tested in step S4 means: and combining the standard spectrum wavelength with the channel of the spectrum to be detected in a linear interpolation mode, and outputting the channel wavelength response relation of the spectrum to be detected.
8. The automatic calibration method for MAX-DOAS wavelength based on sequence matching according to claim 7, wherein the calculation process of the interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectral channel to be tested in step S4 is as follows:
the spectrometer signal is defined as:
wherein S represents a signal sequence, x i Represent channels, w i Representing wavelength information corresponding to a channel, l i Representing the corresponding light intensity signals of the channels, the calibration task of the spectrometer with the number of N, MAX-DOAS is to obtain the wavelength signal w under each channel i ；
The back calculation of the wavelength is realized by adopting a linear interpolation mode, because sunlight belongs to continuous parallel light, enters a slit through collimation, namely a slit width D, a diffraction angle theta, a diffraction fringe order m and a wavelength lambda obey a fraunhofer single slit diffraction formula:
Dsinθ＝mλ (2)
through the above, because the slit width of the MAX-DOAS spectrometer is in the order of hundred micrometers, the detection band channels can only deduce that the maximum diffraction ultraviolet visible light intensity received by each channel P corresponds to the central wavelength lambda within a small range (lambda) 1 →λ 2 ) Has linear separable properties:
therefore, the inverse calculation of the wavelength of the characteristic screening channel wavelength can be developed in a linear interpolation mode, and therefore only the channel response relation of the standard spectrum characteristic wave band is needed to be obtained;
firstly, establishing an evaluation system of sequence matching, determining the matching degree between sequences through an evaluation function, searching the most matching according to the evaluation function, selecting a discretization evaluation function through a one-to-one correspondence between an interpolation mode and a standard spectrum characteristic wave band, and adopting a mean square error function Loss (l), wherein the definition is as follows:
wherein l represents the light intensity of the standard spectrum, s, e represents the starting and ending channels of the wave band selected by the characteristics of the standard spectrum, and the estimated light intensity is obtained by interpolationThe method can realize that (s, e) can be matched with any spectrum channel (p, q) to be detected, and the wavelength function w of each channel x is reversely calculated through the spectrum channel (p, q) matched with the spectrum to be detected, and under the linear property of the formula (3), the wavelength function is expressed as:
wherein w is new Representing the interpolated wavelength function, w s And w e The optimal purpose of inversion is to search the parameters of the matching bands (p, q) of the spectrum to be measured when the function of the minimum value is searched, namely:
and finally, solving the optimal matching through a formula (6), and substituting the wave band through a formula (5) to realize wavelength calibration.
9. The MAX-DOAS wavelength automatic calibration system based on sequence matching is characterized by comprising the following modules:
and a pretreatment module: preprocessing for input spectra;
and an inversion module: matching channel inversion for standard spectral feature bands;
an offset correction module: the method is used for correcting the spectral shift of the spectrum sub-channel level to be detected;
and a scaling module: the method is used for interpolation and output of the wavelength of the spectrum channel to be measured.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the auto-scaling method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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