CN116792245A - Water pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing underground aquifer - Google Patents
Water pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing underground aquifer Download PDFInfo
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- CN116792245A CN116792245A CN202310437015.3A CN202310437015A CN116792245A CN 116792245 A CN116792245 A CN 116792245A CN 202310437015 A CN202310437015 A CN 202310437015A CN 116792245 A CN116792245 A CN 116792245A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108010066278 cabin-4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 102
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/033—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer, which has reasonable design, energy conservation and high efficiency. The method comprises the steps of opening a gas supplementing valve in a pretreatment step before starting energy storage, driving a compressor to work by a compression motor, sucking air by the compressor, compressing the air to a set pressure temperature, and then entering a gas storage; in the energy storage step of the power surplus stage, the compressor is driven by the compression motor to press gas into the gas storage to reach the preset pretreatment pressure, the compressor is closed, water is injected into the water-gas co-accommodating cabin by the water pump, and air in the water-gas co-accommodating cabin is compressed and flows back through the supercharger to enter the gas storage, so that the energy storage process is completed; in the energy release step of the electricity consumption peak stage, high-pressure air from the air storage enters the water-gas co-volume cabin after pre-expansion power generation of the expander, water in the water-gas co-volume cabin is pressed outwards under the action of high-pressure air, and then the water pushes the water turbine to operate for power generation.
Description
The application relates to a division application of Chinese patent with the application date of 2019, 05 month and 31 days, the application number of 2019104688757 and the application creates a pumping compressed air energy storage system and a pumping compressed air energy storage method by utilizing an underground aquifer.
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of physical energy storage, in particular to a pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer.
Background
Energy is the material basis for human survival and development, and is also an important factor affecting national economy development. In recent years, with the rapid increase of consumption of fossil energy, problems such as conventional energy shortage, greenhouse gas emission, environmental pollution and the like are increasingly serious, so that it is particularly important to enhance the development and availability of renewable energy sources with substitution effects such as wind energy, solar energy and the like.
At present, the domestic and foreign scholars agree that the energy storage technology is an effective way for solving the problems. The existing energy storage technologies mainly comprise pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, fuel cells, superconductive electromagnetic energy storage and the like, but are applicable to large-scale energy storage technologies above 100MW level only including pumped storage technology (PHS) and compressed air energy storage technology (CAES). PHS energy storage capacity and energy storage efficiency are high, but there are difficult site selection, long construction period, cause the problem such as the ecological damage of the local area; CAES has the advantages of high energy storage density and relatively low construction cost, but traditional CAES has low electric energy conversion efficiency and has the problems of fossil fuel combustion and the like.
In the traditional CAES, the gas storage containers have a certain volume, and are all in a working condition-changing process in the energy storage and energy release stage, so that the power generation efficiency of the system is greatly reduced. At present, clean, efficient and low-cost storage technology of electric energy still belongs to the worldwide difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer, which has reasonable design, energy conservation and high efficiency.
The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer is based on a pumping compressed air energy storage system utilizing the underground aquifer, wherein the system comprises a compressor, an expander, a supercharger, a water-gas co-tank, a water pump, a water turbine, a water storage tank, a gas supplementing valve, a first energy release valve, a second energy release valve, a first energy storage valve, a second energy storage valve, a third energy release valve, a heat exchanger, a solar heat accumulator, a main generator, a pre-generator, a compression motor, a supercharging motor and a gas storage;
the compression motor and the booster motor are respectively connected with the power input ends of the compressor and the booster, and the main generator and the pre-generator are respectively connected with the power output ends of the water turbine and the expander;
the air inlet of the compressor is directly connected with the atmosphere, and the air outlet is directly conveyed to an underground gas storage by a pipeline after passing through the air compensating valve;
the high-pressure air in the air storage enters the inlet of the heat exchanger through the first energy release valve, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the solar heat accumulator, the outlet of the solar heat accumulator is connected with the inlet of the expander, the expander drives the pre-generator to generate electricity, and the outlet of the expander is connected with the water-gas co-accommodating cabin;
air in the water-gas co-accommodating cabin enters an inlet of a supercharger through a first energy storage valve after being compressed by water injection, and air at an outlet of the supercharger enters a thermal loop of a heat exchanger and then enters a gas storage after being cooled;
the water inlet of the water pump is connected with the water storage tank, and the water outlet is connected with the water-gas co-accommodating cabin;
the water inlet of the water turbine is connected with the water outlet of the water-gas co-holding cabin through a pipeline and a third energy release valve, the high-pressure water drives the water turbine to drive the main generator to generate electricity, and the water outlet of the water turbine is connected with the water storage tank through a pipeline;
the bottom of the water storage tank is connected with the pressure-bearing water of the underground aquifer through a pipeline;
the system utilizes an underground aquifer as a gas reservoir; the target layer of the water-bearing layer type underground gas storage is a confined water-bearing layer, underground water exists below the ground surface at a certain depth, and a gas-wrapping belt is arranged above the water surface of the underground water; the water saturation zone is arranged below the underground water surface; the water saturation stratum can be divided into an aquifer and a water-resisting layer according to the capability of water permeation and water supply, water in the aquifer filled between the two water-resisting layers is pressure-bearing water, the two water-resisting layers are a cover layer and a bottom plate, a closed space formed by the fact that the water level of the pressure-bearing water is lowered due to gas pressing is a gas storage, and the pressure-bearing water of the pressure-bearing aquifer is connected with an overground water storage pool through a pipeline;
the method comprises the following steps:
opening a gas supplementing valve in a pretreatment step before starting energy storage, driving a compressor to work by a compression motor, sucking air by the compressor, compressing the air to a set pressure temperature, and then entering a gas storage; closing the air compensating valve and the compressor when the air storage reaches the preset pretreatment pressure, and thereafter, the compressor is not operated except for air compensation;
in the energy storage step of the power surplus stage, a water pump is started, a supercharger is started, a first energy storage valve and a second energy storage valve are opened, water is injected into a water-gas co-accommodating cabin by a machine, the water is mixed with precompressed gas in the water-gas co-accommodating cabin to form high-pressure water, air in the compressed water-gas co-accommodating cabin flows back, in order to ensure that the air entering a gas storage is higher in pressure, the air from the water-gas co-accommodating cabin enters the supercharger for further compression and then enters the gas storage, the high-pressure air at the outlet of the supercharger is higher in temperature, and the low-temperature high-pressure air entering the expander can be preheated by a heat exchanger; when the gas in the gas storage reaches the set energy storage pressure, the water pump, the supercharger, the first energy storage valve and the second energy storage valve are closed, and the energy storage process is finished;
in the energy release step of the electricity consumption peak stage, a first energy release valve, a second energy release valve and a third energy release valve are opened, high-pressure low-temperature air in the air storage is preheated by a heat exchanger and then enters a solar heat accumulator for further heating, then enters an expander for pre-expansion power generation, the pre-expanded gas still has higher pressure, after entering a water-gas co-holding cabin through a second energy release valve, water in the water-gas co-holding cabin is pressed outwards under the action of the high-pressure gas, and then the water pushes a water turbine to operate for power generation;
in the course of the above-described process,
the gas storage is positioned in an underground aquifer, and the high-pressure high-temperature air from the compressor does not need to be cooled;
the pressure-bearing water with sealing function in the gas storage is communicated with the water storage tank through a pipeline, the air pressure in the gas storage is converted into the gravity of a high liquid column between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water storage tank, the height difference between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water storage tank is basically unchanged in the energy storage and energy release process, the height of the liquid column is basically unchanged, and the underground gas storage is in an isobaric environment, so that the energy storage and energy release process is similar to the isobaric process;
in the energy storage stage, the expander works under a fixed working condition and can provide a stable water head for the water turbine;
in the energy release stage, high-pressure air from the air storage is expanded by the expander to generate electricity and then enters the water-gas co-accommodating cabin, so that the pressure born by the water-gas co-accommodating cabin is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the energy storage system, the underground aquifer is fully utilized as the gas storage, the target layer of the water-bearing layer type underground gas storage is the confined aquifer, the water-resisting layer is the cover layer and the bottom plate of the gas storage, the confined water of the confined aquifer is connected with the overground water storage pool through the pipeline, in the energy storage process, the water level of the confined water is reduced due to the fact that air is continuously pressed in, and the water level of the overground water storage pool is approximately unchanged due to the fact that the confined water is communicated with the overground water storage pool, the gas pressure is converted into the gravity of a liquid column, and the gravity is approximately equal-pressure, and the variable working condition problem in the energy storage process is solved; in the energy release process, the water level of the pressure-bearing water rises along with the continuous output of air, the water level of the overground water storage tank is approximately unchanged, the pressure in the air storage tank is maintained unchanged, and the problem of variable working conditions in the energy release process is solved.
Furthermore, when the underground aquifer gas storage is directly communicated with the overground water-gas co-container, water and high-pressure air in the water-gas co-container have the same pressure on the water-gas surface, which can enable the water-gas co-container to bear very high pressure, so that the cost of the water-gas co-container is greatly improved, and according to market research, when the overground high-pressure tank body bears 10Mpa, the cost of each cubic meter of the tank body is about 2133.37 yuan. Therefore, the expansion machine is added between the underground aquifer gas storage and the overground water-gas co-holding cabin, and the high-pressure air from the underground aquifer gas storage is subjected to pre-expansion power generation and depressurization by the expansion machine and then enters the overground water-gas co-holding cabin, so that the pressure born by the water-gas co-holding cabin is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the system is reduced.
In addition, in the energy release stage, as the temperature of high-pressure air from the air storage is lower, the energy storage system adopts the compression heat of the booster to preheat the air, and then utilizes the solar heat reservoir to heat the air, so that fossil fuel combustion is avoided, and the energy storage system is more environment-friendly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the constitution of a system according to an example of the present application.
In the figure: the system comprises a compressor 1, an expander 2, a supercharger 3, a water-gas co-tank 4, a water pump 5, a water turbine 6, a water storage tank 7, a gas supplementing valve 8, a first energy release valve 9, a second energy release valve 10, a first energy storage valve 11, a second energy storage valve 12, a third energy release valve 13, a heat exchanger 14, a solar heat accumulator 15, a main generator 16, a pre-generator 17, a compression motor 18, a supercharging motor 19, 20 ground surfaces, 21 groundwater, 22 cover layers, 23 gas storage reservoirs 24 pressurized water and 25 bottom plates.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the application.
The application relates to a pumping compressed air energy storage system utilizing an underground aquifer, which is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises a compressor 1, an expander 2, a supercharger 3, a water-gas co-container cabin 4, a water pump 5, a water turbine 6, a water storage tank 7, a heat exchanger 14, a solar heat accumulator 15, a gas storage tank 23, a main generator 16, a pre-generator 17, a compression motor 18, a supercharging motor 19, a gas supplementing valve 8, a first energy release valve 9, a second energy release valve 10, a first energy storage valve 11, a second energy storage valve 12 and a third energy release valve 13;
the compression motor 18 and the booster motor 19 are respectively connected with the power input ends of the compressor 1 and the booster 3, and the main generator 16 and the pre-generator 17 are respectively connected with the power output ends of the water turbine 6 and the expander 2;
the air inlet of the compressor 1 is directly connected with the atmosphere, and the outlet is directly conveyed to the underground gas storage 23 through a pipeline after passing through the gas supplementing valve 8;
the high-pressure air in the air storage 23 enters the inlet of the heat exchanger 14 after passing through the first energy release valve 9, the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the solar heat accumulator 15, the outlet of the solar heat accumulator 15 is connected with the inlet of the expander 2, the expander 2 drives the pre-generator 17 to generate electricity, and the outlet of the expander 2 is connected with the water-gas co-volume cabin 4;
air in the water-gas co-container cabin 4 enters an inlet of the booster 3 through the first energy storage valve 11 after being compressed by water injection, and air at an outlet of the booster 3 has higher temperature, enters a thermal loop of the heat exchanger 14, is cooled and then enters the air storage 23;
the water inlet of the water pump 5 is connected with the water storage tank 7, and the water outlet is connected with the water-gas co-holding cabin 4;
the water inlet of the water turbine 6 is connected with the water outlet of the water-gas co-holding cabin 4 through a pipeline and a third energy release valve 13, the high-pressure water drives the water turbine 6 to drive the main generator 16 to generate electricity, and the water outlet of the water turbine is connected with the water storage tank 7 through a pipeline;
the bottom of the water storage tank 7 is connected with the pressure-bearing water of the underground aquifer through a pipeline.
When in use, the application comprises an energy storage loop and an energy release loop; the underground aquifer is used as a gas storage, so that the gas storage amount is large, and the investment is saved; the target layer of the water-bearing layer type underground gas storage is a confined water-bearing layer, the underground water surface exists below the surface of the ground 20 by a certain depth, namely, underground water 21, and the air-covering belt is arranged above the water surface of the underground water 21; the water saturation zone is below the water surface. The water saturation stratum can be divided into an aquifer and a water-resisting layer according to the capability of water permeation and water supply, water filled in the aquifer between the two water-resisting layers is pressure-bearing water 24, the two water-resisting layers are a cover layer 22 and a bottom plate 25, a closed space formed by the water level of the pressure-bearing water 24 due to gas pressure in the closed space is a gas storage reservoir 23, the pressure-bearing water 24 of the pressure-bearing aquifer is connected with the ground water storage tank 7 through a pipeline, the gas storage pressure stability of the gas storage space is ensured, and the problem of variable working conditions in the energy storage and energy release processes is solved;
in the energy storage loop, the compression motor 18 drives the compressor 1 to press gas into the gas storage 23 to reach a preset pretreatment pressure, the compressor 1 is closed, the water pump 5 injects water into the water-gas co-tank 4, and air in the water-gas co-tank 4 is compressed and flows back through the supercharger 3 and then enters the gas storage 23, so that the energy storage process is completed.
In the energy release loop, high-pressure air from the air storage 23 enters the water-gas co-container cabin 4 after pre-expansion power generation of the expander 2, water in the water-gas co-container cabin 4 is pressed outwards under the action of high-pressure air, and then the water pushes the water turbine 6 to operate for power generation.
The air storage 23 is positioned in an underground aquifer, the temperature is very low, and the high-pressure high-temperature air from the compressor 1 does not need to be cooled;
the pressure-bearing water 24 with sealing function in the air storage 23 is communicated with the water storage tank 7 through a pipeline, the volume of the water storage tank 7 is large, the air pressure in the air storage 23 is converted into the gravity of a liquid column with a height between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water surface of the water storage tank 7, and the height of the liquid column between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water surface of the water storage tank 7 is basically unchanged in the energy storage and release process, so the energy storage and the energy release are approximate to an isobaric process.
In the energy release stage, the high-pressure air from the air storage 23 firstly passes through the expander 2 to expand and generate electricity and then enters the water-gas co-accommodating cabin 4, so that the pressure born by the water-gas co-accommodating cabin 4 is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the water-gas co-accommodating cabin 4 is reduced.
In the energy storage stage, the water pump 5 injects water into the water-gas co-container cabin 4, the water is mixed with precompressed gas in the water-gas co-container cabin to form high-pressure water, air in the compressed water-gas co-container cabin 4 flows back, in order to ensure that the air entering the air storage 23 has higher pressure, and the air from the water-gas co-container cabin 4 enters the supercharger 3 for further compression and then enters the air storage 23.
The high-temperature and high-pressure gas from the booster 3 exchanges heat with the high-pressure and low-temperature gas to be introduced into the expander 2 through the heat exchanger 14.
The high-pressure low-temperature gas entering the expander 2 is heated by adopting the solar heat accumulator 15, so that the combustion of fossil fuel is avoided, and the economical efficiency and the environmental protection of the system are improved.
The application discloses a pumping compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer, which comprises the following steps:
in the preprocessing step before starting energy storage, the air supplementing valve 8 is opened, the compressor 1 is driven by the compression motor 18 to work, the compressor 1 sucks air, and the air is compressed to a set pressure temperature and then enters the air storage 23. When the air reservoir 23 reaches the set pre-treatment pressure, the air make-up valve 8 and the compressor 1 are closed, after which the compressor 1 is not in operation except for air make-up,
in the energy storage step of the power surplus stage, a water pump 5 is started, a supercharger 3 is started, a first energy storage valve 11 and a second energy storage valve 12 are opened, water is injected into the water-gas co-container 4 by a machine, the water is mixed with precompressed gas in the water-gas co-container 4 to form high-pressure water, air in the compressed water-gas co-container 4 flows back, in order to ensure that the air entering the air storage 23 has higher pressure, the air from the water-gas co-container 4 enters the supercharger 3 for further compression and then enters the air storage 23, the high-pressure air at the outlet of the supercharger 3 has higher temperature, and the low-temperature high-pressure air entering the expander 2 can be preheated by the heat exchanger 14. When the gas in the gas storage 23 reaches the set energy storage pressure, the water pump 5, the supercharger 3, the first energy storage valve 11 and the second energy storage valve 12 are closed, and the energy storage process is finished.
In the energy release step of the electricity consumption peak stage, the first energy release valve 9, the second energy release valve 10 and the third energy release valve 13 are opened, high-pressure low-temperature air in the air storage 23 is preheated by the heat exchanger 14 and then enters the solar heat accumulator 15 for further heating, then enters the expander 2 for pre-expansion power generation, the pre-expanded gas still has higher pressure, and after entering the water-gas co-tank 4 through the second energy release valve 10, water in the water-gas co-tank 4 is outwards pressed out under the action of the high-pressure gas, and then the water pushes the water turbine 6 to operate for power generation. In the process, as the pressure-bearing water in the underground water-bearing layer is connected with the overground water storage tank through a pipeline, the pressure of the gas in the gas storage tank 23 is converted into the gravity of the liquid column, the volume of the overground water storage tank is large, the water level is basically unchanged, namely, in the energy release process, the height difference between the pressure-bearing water surface and the overground water storage tank water surface is basically unchanged, the liquid column height is unchanged, the underground gas storage tank is in an isobaric environment, the expander works under a fixed working condition, and a stable water head can be provided for the water turbine; the high-pressure air in the air storage enters the water-air co-accommodating cabin after pre-expansion, so that the pressure born by the water-air co-accommodating cabin is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the water-air co-accommodating cabin is reduced.
According to the basic situation of geology in China, the high-permeability aquifer is widely distributed underground in the eastern economically developed area, and a good condition is provided for developing underground aquifer gas storage.
Claims (1)
1. A pumped compressed air energy storage method utilizing an underground aquifer is characterized by being based on a pumped compressed air energy storage system utilizing the underground aquifer, wherein the system comprises a compressor 1, an expander 2, a supercharger 3, a water-gas co-tank 4, a water pump 5, a water turbine 6, a water storage tank 7, a gas supplementing valve 8, a first energy release valve 9, a second energy release valve 10, a first energy storage valve 11, a second energy storage valve 12, a third energy release valve 13, a heat exchanger 14, a solar heat accumulator 15, a main generator 16, a pre-generator 17, a compression motor 18, a pressurizing motor 19 and a gas storage 23;
the compression motor 18 and the booster motor 19 are respectively connected with the power input ends of the compressor 1 and the booster 3, and the main generator 16 and the pre-generator 17 are respectively connected with the power output ends of the water turbine 6 and the expander 2;
the air inlet of the compressor 1 is directly connected with the atmosphere, and the outlet is directly conveyed to the underground gas storage 23 through a pipeline after passing through the gas supplementing valve 8;
the high-pressure air in the air storage 23 enters the inlet of the heat exchanger 14 after passing through the first energy release valve 9, the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the solar heat accumulator 15, the outlet of the solar heat accumulator 15 is connected with the inlet of the expander 2, the expander 2 drives the pre-generator 17 to generate electricity, and the outlet of the expander 2 is connected with the water-gas co-volume cabin 4;
air in the water-gas co-container cabin 4 enters an inlet of the supercharger 3 through the first energy storage valve 11 after being compressed by water injection, and air at an outlet of the supercharger 3 enters a thermal loop of the heat exchanger 14 and then enters the air storage 23 after being cooled;
the water inlet of the water pump 5 is connected with the water storage tank 7, and the water outlet is connected with the water-gas co-holding cabin 4;
the water inlet of the water turbine 6 is connected with the water outlet of the water-gas co-holding cabin 4 through a pipeline and a third energy release valve 13, the high-pressure water drives the water turbine 6 to drive the main generator 16 to generate electricity, and the water outlet of the water turbine is connected with the water storage tank 7 through a pipeline;
the bottom of the water storage tank 7 is connected with the pressure-bearing water of the underground aquifer through a pipeline;
the system utilizes an underground aquifer as a gas reservoir; the target layer of the water-bearing layer type underground gas storage is a confined water-bearing layer, underground water 21 exists below the surface of the ground 20 by a certain depth, and a gas-wrapping belt is arranged above the water surface of the underground water 21; the water saturation zone is arranged below the underground water surface; the water saturation stratum can be divided into an aquifer and a water-resisting layer according to the capability of water permeability and water supply, water in the aquifer filled between the two water-resisting layers is pressure-bearing water 24, the two water-resisting layers are a cover layer 22 and a bottom plate 25, a closed space formed by the water level of the pressure-bearing water 24 due to gas pressure-in is a gas storage reservoir 23, and the pressure-bearing water 24 of the pressure-bearing aquifer is connected with an overground water storage tank 7 through a pipeline;
the method comprises the following steps:
in the pretreatment step before starting energy storage, opening the air supplementing valve 8, driving the compressor 1 to work by the compression motor 18, sucking air by the compressor 1, compressing the air to a set pressure temperature, and then entering the air storage 23; when the air reservoir 23 reaches the set pre-treatment pressure, the air make-up valve 8 and the compressor 1 are closed, after which the compressor 1 is not in operation except for air make-up;
in the energy storage step of the power surplus stage, a water pump 5 is started, a supercharger 3 is started, a first energy storage valve 11 and a second energy storage valve 12 are opened, water is injected into the water-gas co-tank 4 by a machine, the water is mixed with precompressed gas in the water-gas co-tank 4 to form high-pressure water, air in the compressed water-gas co-tank 4 flows back, in order to ensure that the air entering the air storage 23 has higher pressure, the air from the water-gas co-tank 4 enters the supercharger 3 for further compression and then enters the air storage 23, the high-pressure air at the outlet of the supercharger 3 has higher temperature, and the low-temperature high-pressure air entering the expander 2 can be preheated by the heat exchanger 14; when the gas in the gas storage 23 reaches the set energy storage pressure, the water pump 5, the supercharger 3, the first energy storage valve 11 and the second energy storage valve 12 are closed, and the energy storage process is finished;
in the energy release step of the electricity consumption peak stage, the first energy release valve 9, the second energy release valve 10 and the third energy release valve 13 are opened, high-pressure low-temperature air in the air storage 23 enters the solar heat accumulator 15 for further heating after being preheated by the heat exchanger 14, then enters the expander 2 for pre-expansion power generation, the pre-expanded gas still has higher pressure, after entering the water-gas co-tank 4 by the second energy release valve 10, water in the water-gas co-tank 4 is outwards pressed out under the action of the high-pressure gas, and then the water pushes the water turbine 6 to operate for power generation;
in the course of the above-described process,
the air storage 23 is positioned in an underground aquifer, and the high-pressure high-temperature air from the compressor 1 does not need to be cooled;
the pressure-bearing water 24 with sealing function in the air storage 23 is communicated with the water storage tank 7 through a pipeline, the air pressure in the air storage 23 is converted into the gravity of a liquid column with height between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water surface of the water storage tank 7, the height difference between the pressure-bearing water surface and the water surface of the water storage tank 7 is basically unchanged in the energy storage and energy release process, the height of the liquid column is basically unchanged, and the underground air storage is in an isobaric environment, so the energy storage and energy release process is similar to the isobaric process;
in the energy storage stage, the expander 2 works under a fixed working condition and can provide a stable water head for the water turbine;
in the energy release stage, high-pressure air from the air storage 23 firstly passes through the expander 2 to expand and generate electricity and then enters the water-gas co-accommodating cabin 4, so that the pressure born by the water-gas co-accommodating cabin 4 is reduced.
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