CN116791179A

CN116791179A - Nickel plating device

Info

Publication number: CN116791179A
Application number: CN202311036984.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张利民; 罗培; 向富久; 张宗国; 许燕飞; 黎丽香; 李健富; 李洁云
Original assignee: Dingxiang Jiangmen Electronic Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dingxiang Jiangmen Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-17
Filing date: 2023-08-17
Publication date: 2023-09-22

Abstract

The application discloses a nickel plating device, belonging to the technical field of nickel plating; comprising the following steps: the inner cavity of the box body is divided into an electroplating cavity and a cleaning cavity by the partition board, and the top end of the partition board is provided with a partition component; the box cover is covered on the box body; the box cover comprises a first sealing cover and a second sealing cover which are respectively arranged corresponding to the electroplating cavity and the cleaning cavity; the running rail comprises a first rail and a second rail which are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the first sealing cover and the second sealing cover, the section of the first rail is the same as that of the second rail, and the two ends of the first rail and the two ends of the second rail are correspondingly arranged and communicated; and the movable frames are used for fixing the workpiece and are respectively and slidably connected in the first track and the second track, and the movable frames cross the partition plate through the separation assembly and are electrically connected with the first track. The application has the advantages of simple structure, good integration, simple operation and convenient use, can realize electroplating and subsequent cleaning procedures, does not need manual intervention in the middle, improves the processing efficiency and realizes uninterrupted electroplating process.

Description

Nickel plating device

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of nickel plating, and particularly relates to a nickel plating device.

Background

Nickel plating is a commonly used metal surface treatment method that can improve the corrosion resistance, hardness and aesthetics of the object, while electroplating is the most common nickel plating method in industry.

The existing nickel electroplating device generally comprises a nickel electrolytic tank, a power supply system control system, a discharge system and other systems, wherein an electrified plating piece is plated with nickel in the nickel electrolytic tank, the power supply system is used for supplying stable and adjustable direct current, the control system is used for controlling and adjusting the temperature, the current intensity and the distribution of electroplating and the pressure of electroplating, and the discharge treatment system is used for treating waste gas and waste liquid generated in the nickel electroplating process and preventing environmental pollution.

However, the existing nickel electroplating device is complex in structure and inconvenient to use, and meanwhile, a cleaning procedure for electroplated workpieces is not provided, and the electroplated workpieces need to be independently cleaned after being taken out, so that the workload is increased.

Therefore, the application designs a nickel plating device to solve the technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a nickel plating device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a nickel plating apparatus comprising:

a case;

the separation plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the box body, the inner cavity of the box body is separated into an electroplating cavity and a cleaning cavity by the separation plate, and the top end of the separation plate is provided with symmetrically arranged separation assemblies;

the box cover is covered on the box body; the box cover comprises a first sealing cover and a second sealing cover which are respectively arranged corresponding to the electroplating cavity and the cleaning cavity;

the running rail comprises a first rail and a second rail which are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the first sealing cover and the second sealing cover, the section of the first rail is the same as that of the second rail, and the two ends of the first rail and the two ends of the second rail are correspondingly arranged and communicated;

the movable frames are used for fixing workpieces and are respectively connected in the first track and the second track in a sliding mode, the movable frames cross the partition plates through the separation assemblies, and the movable frames are electrically connected with the first track.

Preferably, the separation assembly comprises a through groove formed in the top end of the partition plate, a yielding groove is formed in the bottom end of the through groove, a baffle is connected in the yielding groove in a sliding mode, the baffle is detachably connected with the through groove, the top ends of the baffle are respectively sealed with the first sealing cover and the second sealing cover, and the height of the through groove is not smaller than the minimum distance of the movable frame.

Preferably, the bottom end of the abdication groove is provided with a plurality of through motors, the output ends of the through motors are in transmission connection with lifting screws, and the lifting screws are in threaded connection with lifting screw holes formed in the bottom end of the baffle plate; a positioning component is arranged between the top end of the lifting screw rod and the bottom end of the lifting screw hole.

Preferably, the positioning assembly comprises a plurality of positioning holes which are circumferentially and equidistantly formed in the top end of the lifting screw, positioning rods are telescopically arranged in the positioning holes, and the positioning rods extending out of the positioning holes are abutted to the bottom ends of the baffles; the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning rod, which is positioned in the positioning hole, and the electromagnet which is correspondingly arranged with the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning hole.

Preferably, the locating rod is provided with a containing hole at one end in the locating hole, a locating spring is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the containing hole and the bottom end of the locating hole, and the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are sleeved outside the locating spring.

Preferably, the moving frame comprises a sliding block, and the sliding block is matched with the running rail and is in sliding connection with the running rail; the bottom end of the sliding block is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod, and the free end of the telescopic rod is downward and fixedly connected with a clamp for clamping a workpiece.

Preferably, the outer side wall of the sliding block is provided with a driving groove, a driving motor is arranged in the driving groove, the output end of the driving motor is in transmission connection with a driving gear, and the driving gear extends out of the driving groove and is in meshed connection with a rack fixedly connected to the side wall of the running track.

Preferably, a connecting strip is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the first rail, and the connecting strip is electrically connected with an external power supply; the top of sliding block offer with the spread groove of spread strip looks adaptation, spread strip sliding connection be in the spread groove and with spread groove electric connection, the spread groove with anchor clamps electric connection.

Preferably, a contact strip matched with the connecting strip is longitudinally connected in a sliding manner in the connecting groove, a conductive block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact strip, and the conductive block is detachably connected with the contact block at the bottom end of the connecting groove; a plurality of return springs are fixedly connected between the contact strip and the connecting groove.

Preferably, the bottom end of the first track is fixedly connected with a heightening block, and the heightening block is in sliding connection with the bottom end of the sliding block.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and technical effects: the application discloses a nickel plating device, which is mainly used for electroplating nickel on a workpiece; when the electroplating device is used, a processed workpiece is fixed on the movable frame positioned on the second rail, cleaning is carried out in the cleaning cavity, residual liquid in the degreasing and activating processes is cleaned, then the movable frame moves along the running rail, and enters the electroplating cavity after passing through the separation assembly, at the moment, the first rail and the movable frame are conductive, stable direct current is connected to the workpiece as a cathode, and meanwhile, the workpiece is immersed into electroplating liquid for electroplating; after a period of time, the electroplating is completed, the moving frame drives the electroplated workpiece to move again, and the electroplated workpiece enters the cleaning cavity from the other separation component to be cleaned again, so that residual electroplating liquid is removed, the nickel plating layer is prevented from blackening, the quality of electroplated nickel is improved, the step of independently cleaning after electroplating is reduced, the risk of leakage of the residual electroplating liquid is reduced, the workload of the intermediate transfer process is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved; the electroplating cavity is in a closed state in the electroplating process, the electroplated workpiece does not need to be opened and taken out, the leakage of pollutants is reduced, the electroplating process of other workpieces is not influenced, the interruption of the electroplating process is avoided, and uninterrupted continuous work can be realized.

The application has the advantages of simple structure, good integration, simple operation and convenient use, can realize electroplating and subsequent cleaning procedures, does not need manual intervention in the middle, improves the processing efficiency and realizes uninterrupted electroplating process.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an axial view of a nickel plating apparatus of the present application;

FIG. 2 is an axial view of the case of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a box cover structure of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a nickel plating apparatus according to the present application;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4A in accordance with the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a connecting groove according to the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the partition assembly of the present application;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of B of FIG. 7 in accordance with the present application;

in the figure: 1. a case; 2. a partition plate; 3. an electroplating cavity; 4. cleaning the cavity; 5. a first cover; 6. a second cover; 7. a first track; 8. a second track; 9. a moving rack; 10. a pass through slot; 11. a relief groove; 12. a baffle; 13. through a motor; 14. lifting screw rods; 15. lifting screw holes; 16. positioning holes; 17. a positioning rod; 18. a permanent magnet; 19. an electromagnet; 20. a receiving hole; 21. a positioning spring; 22. a sliding block; 23. a telescopic rod; 24. a clamp; 25. a driving groove; 26. a driving motor; 27. a drive gear; 28. a rack; 29. a connecting strip; 30. a connecting groove; 31. a contact strip; 32. a conductive block; 33. a contact block; 34. a return spring; 35. a heightening block; 36. a roller; 37. a water inlet; 38. a water outlet; 39. an air outlet; 40. supporting feet; 41. a hanger rail; 42. a lifting groove; 43. a lifting block; 44. lifting the boom; 45. electroplating solution; 46. cleaning liquid; 47. an anode block; 48. a foaming device; 49. binding posts; 50. and (5) conducting wires.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present embodiment provides a nickel plating apparatus including:

a case 1;

the separation plate 2 is arranged in the inner cavity of the box body 1, the separation plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the box body 1 into an electroplating cavity 3 and a cleaning cavity 4, and the top end of the separation plate 2 is provided with symmetrically arranged separation components;

the box cover is covered on the box body 1; the box cover comprises a first sealing cover 5 and a second sealing cover 6 which are respectively arranged corresponding to the electroplating cavity 3 and the cleaning cavity 4;

the running rail comprises a first rail 7 and a second rail 8 which are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the first sealing cover 5 and the second sealing cover 6, wherein the section of the first rail 7 is the same as that of the second rail 8, and the two ends of the first rail 7 are correspondingly arranged and communicated;

the movable frames 9 are used for fixing a plurality of movable frames 9 of the workpiece and are respectively and slidably connected in the first track 7 and the second track 8, the movable frames 9 cross the partition plate 2 through the separation assembly, and the movable frames 9 are electrically connected with the first track 7.

The application discloses a nickel plating device, which is mainly used for electroplating nickel on a workpiece; when the electroplating device is used, a processed workpiece is fixed on the movable frame 9 positioned on the second rail 8, firstly, the workpiece is cleaned in the cleaning cavity 4, residual liquid in the degreasing and activating processes is cleaned, then the movable frame 9 moves along the running rail, enters the electroplating cavity 3 after passing through the separation assembly, at the moment, the first rail 7 and the movable frame 9 are conductive, stable direct current is connected to the workpiece as a cathode, and meanwhile, the workpiece is immersed into the electroplating liquid 45 for electroplating; after a period of time, the electroplating is completed, the moving frame 9 drives the electroplated workpiece to move again, and the electroplated workpiece enters the cleaning cavity 4 from the other separation component to be cleaned again, so that the residual electroplating liquid 45 is removed, the nickel plating layer is prevented from blackening, the quality of electroplated nickel is improved, the step of independently cleaning after electroplating is reduced, the risk of leakage of the residual electroplating liquid 45 is reduced, the workload of the intermediate transfer process is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved; the electroplating cavity 3 is in a closed state in the electroplating process, so that the electroplated workpiece does not need to be opened and taken out, the leakage of pollutants is reduced, the electroplating process of other workpieces is not influenced, the interruption of the electroplating process is not caused, and uninterrupted continuous work can be realized; the application has the advantages of simple structure, good integration, simple operation and convenient use, can realize electroplating and subsequent cleaning procedures, does not need manual intervention in the middle, improves the processing efficiency and realizes uninterrupted electroplating process.

In a further optimized scheme, the separation assembly comprises a through groove 10 formed in the top end of the partition plate 2, a yielding groove 11 is formed in the bottom end of the through groove 10, a baffle 12 is slidably connected in the yielding groove 11, the baffle 12 is detachably connected with the through groove 10, the top end of the baffle 12 is respectively and hermetically arranged with the first sealing cover 5 and the second sealing cover 6, and the height of the through groove 10 is not smaller than the minimum distance of the movable frame 9; the bottom end of the abdication groove 11 is provided with a plurality of through motors 13, lifting screws 14 are connected through the transmission of the output ends of the motors 13, and the lifting screws 14 are in threaded connection with lifting screw holes 15 formed in the bottom end of the baffle 12; a positioning component is arranged between the top end of the lifting screw 14 and the bottom end of the lifting screw hole 15. The baffle 12 and the through groove 10 slide and need to ensure tightness, and the through groove 10 can be blocked to prevent the communication between the electroplating cavity 3 and the cleaning cavity 4; when the workpiece needs to pass, the baffle 12 slides into the yielding groove 11 to be yielding through the groove 10, so that the moving frame 9 can conveniently drive the workpiece to pass; the baffle 12 is driven to lift by the motor 13 through the operation of the lifting screw 14 and the lifting screw hole 15.

In a further optimized scheme, the positioning assembly comprises a plurality of positioning holes 16 which are circumferentially and equidistantly formed in the top end of the lifting screw 14, positioning rods 17 are telescopically arranged in the positioning holes 16, and the positioning rods 17 extending out of the positioning holes 16 are abutted to the bottom end of the baffle 12; a permanent magnet 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning rod 17 positioned in the positioning hole 16, and an electromagnet 19 which is arranged corresponding to the permanent magnet 18 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning hole 16; one end of the positioning rod 17, which is positioned in the positioning hole 16, is provided with a containing hole 20, a positioning spring 21 is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the containing hole 20 and the bottom end of the positioning hole 16, and the permanent magnet 18 and the electromagnet 19 are sleeved outside the positioning spring 21. When the baffle plate 12 is lifted to a certain height, the positioning assembly is exposed from the lifting screw hole 15, the positioning spring 21 loses resistance, and the positioning rod 17 is pushed out of the positioning hole 16 to support the baffle plate 12, so that the stability is improved; when retraction is required, the electromagnet 19 is electrified to generate suction force to the permanent magnet 18, so that the positioning rod 17 is retracted into the positioning hole 16, and then the lifting screw 14 is reversed to lower the baffle 12.

In a further optimized scheme, the movable frame 9 comprises a sliding block 22, and the sliding block 22 is matched with the running rail and is in sliding connection with the running rail; the bottom end of the sliding block 22 is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod 23, and the free end of the telescopic rod 23 is downward and fixedly connected with a clamp 24 for clamping a workpiece. The sliding block 22 drives the telescopic rod 23 to slide on the running guide rail, so that the workpiece on the clamp 24 is driven to move; simultaneously, the telescopic rod 23 can drive the workpiece to lift, and dip or push out water or electroplating liquid 45; when the workpiece is at the highest position, its bottom end is not lower than the bottom end of the passage groove 10.

In a further optimized scheme, a driving groove 25 is formed in the outer side wall of the sliding block 22, a driving motor 26 is arranged in the driving groove 25, the output end of the driving motor 26 is in transmission connection with a driving gear 27, and the driving gear 27 extends out of the driving groove 25 and is in meshed connection with a rack 28 fixedly connected to the side wall of the running track. The driving motor 26 drives the sliding block 22 to move through the meshed driving gear 27 and rack 28; in this embodiment, the sliding block 22 is in an inverted T shape, and a plurality of rollers 36 are arranged at the bottom end of the transverse plate and roll in the running track, so that friction is reduced, and running is smoother.

In a further optimization scheme, a connecting strip 29 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the first track 7, and the connecting strip 29 is electrically connected with an external power supply; the top end of the sliding block 22 is provided with a connecting groove 30 matched with the connecting strip 29, the connecting strip 29 is slidably connected in the connecting groove 30 and is electrically connected with the connecting groove 30, and the connecting groove 30 is electrically connected with the clamp 24; a contact bar 31 matched with the connection bar 29 is longitudinally connected in the connection groove 30 in a sliding way, a conductive block 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact bar 31, and the conductive block 32 is detachably connected with a contact block 33 at the bottom end of the connection groove 30; a plurality of return springs 34 are fixedly connected between the contact strips 31 and the connecting grooves 30; the bottom end of the first track 7 is fixedly connected with a heightening block 35, and the heightening block 35 is in sliding connection with the bottom end of the sliding block 22. The bottom end of the first track 7 is provided with a heightening block 35, when the sliding block 22 moves onto the first track 7, the sliding block 22 is heightened by the heightening block 35, the connecting bar 29 presses the contact bar 31 in the connecting groove 30, so that the conductive block 32 at the bottom end of the contact bar 31 is in contact with the contact block 33, and the electric wire conducts electricity to electrify a workpiece on the clamp 24 for nickel electroplating; the design of the lifting block 35 and the elastic lifting connection bar 29 enables the sliding block 22 to be automatically electrified when on the first track 7.

Further, the plating chamber 3 and the cleaning chamber 4 are both communicated with the outside through the water inlet 37 and the water outlet 38 for introducing and discharging the plating liquid 45 and the cleaning liquid 46 inside.

Further, an anode block 47 made of pure nickel is fixed in the electroplating cavity 3 and is electrically connected with an external power supply to serve as an anode for electroplating nickel.

Further, a plurality of supporting feet 40 are arranged at the bottom end of the box body 1, so that the box body 1 is convenient to fix.

Further, the bottom end of the cleaning chamber 4 is fixedly provided with a foaming device 48, a large number of bubbles are generated in the cleaning liquid 46 by utilizing ultrasonic foaming technology, and the workpiece is cleaned by utilizing the broken impact force of the bubbles, so that the cleaning effect is improved.

Further, the top of box 1 is provided with hanging rail 41, and the bottom of hanging rail 41 is provided with lifts by crane the groove 42, and the sliding connection that lifts by crane the groove 42 has lifting by crane piece 43, and lifting by crane the bottom of piece 43 and first closing cap 5 and second closing cap 6 rigid coupling through lifting by crane jib 44 for go on going up and down to first closing cap 5 and second closing cap 6, conveniently open and close.

Further, the first cover 5 is provided with a binding post 49, and the binding post 49 is electrically connected with the connecting strip 29 through a wire 50.

Further, the first sealing cover 5 is provided with an air outlet 39 for discharging and collecting waste gas generated by electroplating nickel, so that the recycling treatment is facilitated.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application without departing from the design spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A nickel plating apparatus, comprising:

a case (1);

the separation plate (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the box body (1), the inner cavity of the box body (1) is separated into an electroplating cavity (3) and a cleaning cavity (4) by the separation plate (2), and symmetrically arranged separation components are arranged at the top end of the separation plate (2);

the box cover is covered on the box body (1); the box cover comprises a first sealing cover (5) and a second sealing cover (6) which are respectively arranged corresponding to the electroplating cavity (3) and the cleaning cavity (4);

the running rail comprises a first rail (7) and a second rail (8) which are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the first sealing cover (5) and the second sealing cover (6), wherein the section of the first rail (7) is the same as that of the second rail (8), and the two ends of the first rail and the two ends of the second rail are correspondingly arranged and communicated;

the movable frames (9) are used for fixing a plurality of workpieces, the movable frames (9) are respectively and slidably connected in the first track (7) and the second track (8), the movable frames (9) cross the partition plate (2) through the partition assembly, and the movable frames (9) are electrically connected with the first track (7).

2. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the separation assembly comprises a through groove (10) formed in the top end of the partition plate (2), a yielding groove (11) is formed in the bottom end of the through groove (10), a baffle (12) is connected in the yielding groove (11) in a sliding mode, the baffle (12) is detachably connected with the through groove (10), the top end of the baffle (12) is respectively in sealing arrangement with the first sealing cover (5) and the second sealing cover (6), and the height of the through groove (10) is not smaller than the minimum distance of the movable frame (9).

3. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom end of the abdication groove (11) is provided with a plurality of through motors (13), the output ends of the through motors (13) are in transmission connection with lifting screws (14), and the lifting screws (14) are in threaded connection with lifting screw holes (15) formed in the bottom end of the baffle plate (12); a positioning component is arranged between the top end of the lifting screw rod (14) and the bottom end of the lifting screw hole (15).

4. A nickel plating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the positioning assembly comprises a plurality of positioning holes (16) which are circumferentially and equidistantly formed in the top end of the lifting screw (14), positioning rods (17) are telescopically arranged in the positioning holes (16), and the positioning rods (17) which extend out of the positioning holes (16) are abutted to the bottom ends of the baffles (12); one end of the positioning rod (17) positioned in the positioning hole (16) is fixedly connected with a permanent magnet (18), and the bottom end of the positioning hole (16) is fixedly connected with an electromagnet (19) which is arranged corresponding to the permanent magnet (18).

5. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the positioning rod (17) is located at one end in the positioning hole (16) and is provided with a containing hole (20), a positioning spring (21) is fixedly connected between the bottom end of the containing hole (20) and the bottom end of the positioning hole (16), and the permanent magnet (18) and the electromagnet (19) are sleeved outside the positioning spring (21).

6. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the movable frame (9) comprises a sliding block (22), and the sliding block (22) is matched with the running track and is in sliding connection with the running track; the bottom end of the sliding block (22) is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod (23), and the free end of the telescopic rod (23) is downward and fixedly connected with a clamp (24) for clamping a workpiece.

7. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the driving groove (25) is formed in the outer side wall of the sliding block (22), the driving motor (26) is arranged in the driving groove (25), a driving gear (27) is connected to the output end of the driving motor (26) in a transmission mode, and the driving gear (27) extends out of the driving groove (25) and is meshed and connected with a rack (28) fixedly connected to the side wall of the running track.

8. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: a connecting strip (29) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the first track (7), and the connecting strip (29) is electrically connected with an external power supply; the top of the sliding block (22) is provided with a connecting groove (30) matched with the connecting strip (29), the connecting strip (29) is slidably connected in the connecting groove (30) and is electrically connected with the connecting groove (30), and the connecting groove (30) is electrically connected with the clamp (24).

9. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: a contact strip (31) matched with the connecting strip (29) is longitudinally connected in the connecting groove (30) in a sliding way, a conductive block (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact strip (31), and the conductive block (32) is detachably connected with a contact block (33) at the bottom end of the connecting groove (30); a plurality of return springs (34) are fixedly connected between the contact strips (31) and the connecting grooves (30).

10. The nickel plating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the bottom end of the first track (7) is fixedly connected with an heightening block (35), and the heightening block (35) is in sliding connection with the bottom end of the sliding block (22).