CN116787053B - Flexible deflection clamp and welding process based on same - Google Patents
Flexible deflection clamp and welding process based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN116787053B CN116787053B CN202310775330.7A CN202310775330A CN116787053B CN 116787053 B CN116787053 B CN 116787053B CN 202310775330 A CN202310775330 A CN 202310775330A CN 116787053 B CN116787053 B CN 116787053B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
- B23K37/0435—Clamps
- B23K37/0443—Jigs
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible deflection clamp and a splice welding process based on the clamp, wherein the clamp comprises: the bottom bracket is arranged on the working table surface through the supporting legs and can integrally move along the working table surface; the sliding platforms are provided with two groups which are adjacent in front and back, and the two groups of sliding platforms are respectively arranged on the bottom bracket through track assemblies below the sliding platforms and move transversely along the bottom bracket; the rotary table top is provided with two groups, is respectively arranged on the two sliding platforms through the rotary components and can freely rotate on the sliding platforms; the clamping units are provided with two groups of electromagnets or vacuum chucks and are respectively arranged on the two rotary table tops through supports, and a machining slit is formed in the center line of the top surface of the clamping units. The fixture solves the defects of high cost and long production period of the existing fixture for tailor-welding, and can be applied to each welding procedure in the whole tailor-welding link, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the fixture and improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a flexible deflection clamp for welding processing and a welding processing method corresponding to the clamp, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing.
Background
The laser welding adopts laser energy, and automatically splices and welds a plurality of steel materials with different materials, different thicknesses and different coatings, stainless steel materials, aluminum alloy materials and the like to form an integral plate, a section bar, a sandwich plate and the like so as to meet different requirements of parts on material performance, and the device is light by using the lightest weight, the optimal structure and the optimal performance. At present, the laser splice welding plate is mainly applied to a vehicle body in the automobile manufacturing industry. The door ring (commonly called as an automobile door frame) has various product forms, and the product forms from 2 steel plates to 6 steel plates are different in splice welding composition, and the shapes of all the raw materials are different. The existing door ring splice welding method is that one set of positioning fixture is developed for each type of door ring, the cost is high, the manufacturing production period is long, especially in the test stage, one set of door ring product can only produce a small number of pieces such as tens or hundreds of pieces, but still one set of positioning fixture is required to be developed specially for the set of door ring, once the batch production of the door ring is not finally decided, the fixture corresponding to the set of door ring is scrapped, the development and test cost is greatly increased, and the flexible production requirement cannot be met.
Meanwhile, in the existing door ring splice welding process, after being integrally clamped, one welding line is sequentially welded in one cycle (single head/multiple heads); however, the welding stress after welding each welding seam can cause size deviation (or the non-uniformity of the welding seam is accumulated), and the welding seams which are not welded can cause inconsistency due to the sequential accumulation of a plurality of welding seams, and the accumulated result is that the welding seam is invalid (poor welding seam defect) or accumulated tolerance is bigger, so that the size is invalid or the workpiece is deformed, and the quality of a product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the flexible deflection clamp which solves the defects of high cost and long production period of the existing welding clamp, can be suitable for each welding procedure in the whole welding link, greatly reduces the cost of the clamp and improves the production efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purposes of the invention is as follows:
a flexible displacement jig comprising at least a clamping unit, the flexible displacement jig comprising:
The bottom bracket is arranged on the working table surface;
The sliding platforms are provided with two adjacent groups, the two groups of sliding platforms are arranged on the bottom bracket through a track assembly below the sliding platforms and slide along the track assembly, and the relative sliding directions of the two groups of sliding platforms and the two groups of sliding platforms are not interfered with each other during relative sliding so as to realize the displacement of the two groups of sliding platforms;
the rotary table top is provided with two groups, is respectively arranged on the two sliding platforms through the rotary components and can freely rotate on the sliding platforms;
The clamping unit adopts an electromagnet or a vacuum chuck, the clamping unit is provided with two groups and is respectively arranged on the two rotary table tops through the support, and a machining seam is formed in the center line of the top surface of the clamping unit.
Further, a movable rail is arranged on the workbench surface, the bottom support is arranged on the movable rail through the supporting legs, and the bottom support moves along the movable rail under the control of the servo driving device.
Further, a servo driving device is arranged on the sliding platform, and the sliding platform moves along the track assembly under the control of the servo driving device.
Further, a rotating shaft in the rotating assembly is arranged below the center of the rotating table top, a servo driving device is further arranged in the rotating assembly, and the rotating table top rotates under the control of the servo driving device.
Further, the support arranged below the at least one clamping unit is a liftable support.
The invention also provides a splice welding process based on the flexible deflection clamp, which solves the defect that the quality of products is affected due to the adoption of one-time clamping welding in the existing splice welding process, and can effectively improve the yield and the overall welding efficiency. The welding process comprises the following steps: (1) For the combined closed-loop splice welding workpiece with the number of the plates being more than or equal to 3, firstly placing the first two plates on a flexible deflection clamp or a conventional clamp, aligning a welding seam with a processing seam in a clamping unit, fixing the welding seam by the clamping unit, and then welding; (2) After the welding is finished, the welded plate and the next plate are pre-butted, and the joint of the two plates is corrected by adopting a cutting head so as to eliminate the size deviation caused by the previous welding process; (3) Placing the two corrected plates on a flexible displacement clamp, adjusting the angles and positions of two clamping units in the flexible displacement clamp to enable a processing seam in the clamping units to be matched with a welding seam between the two plates, and then fixing the two plates by the clamping units for welding; (4) And (3) repeating the steps (2) and (3) after the welding is finished until the whole piece of the butt welding workpiece is finished.
Further, in the steps (2) - (4), the next plate is an independent plate, or the plates after welding the two independent plates in the previous step.
Further, when the thicknesses of two plates to be welded are inconsistent and top plane welding is required, the heights of the top surfaces of the joints of the two plates are consistent by adjusting the heights of the supports below any clamping assembly.
Further, in the step (2), when the joint of the two plates is corrected, the cutting head is adopted to directly perform online correction on the flexible displacement clamp, or after the two plates are transferred to other devices to perform offline correction, the plates are transferred back to the flexible displacement clamp to perform welding.
The invention also provides a welding process of the automobile annular part based on the flexible displacement clamp, wherein the automobile annular part is a single ring or double rings or a combination of non-annular parts, and the process is specifically as follows:
a) Aiming at a single-ring type automobile annular component consisting of two plates, firstly, according to the positions and angles of two welding seams, adjusting the angles and positions of two clamping units in a flexible deflection clamp through a track assembly and a rotating assembly to enable machining seams in the clamping units to be matched with the two welding seams, and then fixing the two plates by the clamping units, and welding the two plates into a ring by adopting a machining head;
b) Aiming at a single-ring type automobile door ring composed of more than three plates, firstly, C-shaped semi-rings corresponding to an A column and a threshold and H-shaped parts corresponding to a B column are respectively and independently welded and formed, then, according to the positions and angles of two welding seams of the C-shaped semi-rings and the H-shaped parts in butt joint, the angles and the positions of two clamping units in a flexible deflection clamp are adjusted through a track assembly and a rotating assembly, so that machining seams in the clamping units are matched with the two welding seams, after the two plates are fixed by the clamping units, the joint positions of the C-shaped semi-rings and the H-shaped parts are corrected by adopting cutting heads so as to eliminate dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding procedure, and then, the clamping units are used for clamping and fixing again, and welding is carried out to form a ring;
c) Aiming at the double-ring type automobile door ring, firstly adopting the process in the step a) or the step b) to process the single-ring type automobile door ring, simultaneously welding and forming the inverted-C-shaped semi-rings corresponding to the C column and the threshold independently, then adjusting the angles and the positions of two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp through the track component and the rotating component according to the positions and angles of two welding seams of the single-ring type door ring and the inverted-C-shaped semi-rings when in butt joint, enabling the processing seam in the clamping unit to be matched with the two welding seams, and then fixing two plates through the clamping unit, correcting the seam between the single-ring type door ring and the inverted-C-shaped semi-rings through the cutting head so as to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding procedure, then clamping and fixing through the clamping unit again, and welding the double-ring type automobile door ring.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: 1. the flexible displacement clamp provided by the application is arranged on the workbench surface through the moving track and can move integrally, so that a plurality of flexible displacement clamps can be combined into a multi-station machining center for use. 2. The flexible displacement clamp provided by the application can adjust the positions and angles of the two clamping units through the sliding of the sliding platform and the rotation of the rotary table top, is suitable for the working conditions of two welding seams when two plates are welded together in the welding process, clamps the welding seams firmly, meets the clamping requirements under different welding working conditions, and realizes flexible clamping. 3. In the welding process provided by the application, the problem of welding stress accumulation can be effectively relieved as the integral clamping in the conventional welding is changed into the clamping and the repeated welding; the welding seam size is trimmed, the next welding step is performed, the welding is performed after each trimming step, and therefore the technological dilemma of multi-seam welding (particularly, workpieces have welding requirements in different directions) can be effectively solved, and the yield and the whole welding efficiency are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a flexible indexing fixture provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flexible displacement clamp in a moving state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tailor-welded blank of example 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a state of the flexible displacement jig in embodiment 1 at the time of bonding;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the profile of the tailor-welded blank of example 2;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a state of the flexible displacement jig in embodiment 2 at the time of bonding;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a single-ring automobile door ring made up of two panels in example 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a single-ring automobile door ring made up of three or more panels in example 4;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a double-ring automobile door ring in example 5;
In the figure: 1-bottom bracket, 2-landing leg, 3-sliding platform, 4-track subassembly, 5-rotation mesa, 6-axis of rotation, 7-clamping unit, 8-support, 9-processing seam.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
The whole structure schematic diagram of the flexible displacement clamp provided by the application is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the bottom bracket 1 is arranged on a working table surface through the supporting legs 2 and can integrally move along the working table surface; the movable rail is arranged on the workbench surface, and the bottom bracket is integrally arranged on the movable rail and moves along the movable rail under the control of the servo driving device. In fig. 1 and 2, the working table and the moving rail are not shown, the working table is a conventional working table with an auxiliary supporting device, other parts of the plate are supported by the auxiliary supporting device during welding to keep the stress consistency of the plate to be welded, and the plate to be welded can be supported in a plane or a part of the plate to be welded is supported in a non-plane, and the moving rail is a conventional sliding rail.
The sliding platforms 3 are provided with two groups which are adjacent in front and back, and the two groups of sliding platforms are respectively arranged on the bottom bracket through a track assembly 4 below the sliding platforms and move transversely along the bottom bracket; and the sliding platform is provided with a servo driving device, and the sliding platform moves along the track assembly under the control of the servo driving device. The track assembly and the servo driving device are all conventional accessories on the market, and a plurality of manufacturers such as loose, mitsubishi, taida, siemens and the like are provided with corresponding series products, so that the application needs not to be described in detail.
The rotary table top 5 is provided with two groups, is respectively arranged on the two sliding platforms through a rotary component and can freely rotate on the sliding platforms; the rotating shaft 6 in the rotating assembly is arranged below the center of the rotating table top, a servo driving device is further arranged in the rotating assembly, and the rotating table top rotates under the control of the servo driving device. The rotary assemblies and servo drives employed are likewise conventional fittings in the market.
The clamping unit 7 adopts an electromagnet or a vacuum chuck, the clamping unit is provided with two groups and is respectively arranged on the two rotary table tops through the support 8, the whole clamping unit is in a strip shape, and a processing slit 9 is arranged at the center line of the top surface of the clamping unit. The support arranged below the at least one clamping unit is a liftable support. The electromagnet, the vacuum chuck and the liftable support are conventional accessories in the field, wherein the electromagnet is suitable for the welding processing of magnetic materials, the vacuum chuck is suitable for the welding processing of non-magnetic materials, and the liftable support is used for adjusting the height of the electromagnet or the vacuum chuck and is suitable for the welding process of two plates with inconsistent thickness.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the appearance of the workpiece to be subjected to the tailor-welding is shown in fig. 3, and the workpiece comprises A, B, C plates, which have three welding seams in total, and the black thick solid line in fig. 3 represents the welding seams. When the splice welding is carried out, firstly, two plates A, B are placed on a flexible deflection clamp (or other conventional clamps), a welding line is aligned with a processing seam in a clamping unit and fixed by the clamping unit, and then the welding is carried out; after welding, pre-butt-jointing the AB plates (namely the A plate and the B plate which are welded together) and the C plate, and directly correcting the joint of the two plates on a flexible deflection clamp on line by adopting a cutting head so as to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by welding the two plates of A, B; and finally, placing the corrected AB plate and C plate on a flexible deflection clamp, adjusting the angles and positions of two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp to enable a processing seam in the clamping units to be matched with a welding seam between the two plates, and then fixing the two plates by the clamping units for welding. Since the two welding seams are right-angle welding seams with a certain distance when welding is performed, the clamping unit in the flexible displacement clamp is adjusted according to the state shown in fig. 4. And finishing the tailor-welding processing of the workpiece in the embodiment after the welding is finished.
Example 2
The appearance of the workpiece to be subjected to the tailor-welding processing in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and the workpiece comprises A, B, C, D four plates, wherein the total of four welding seams is shown as a black thick solid line in fig. 5. When the splice welding is carried out, firstly, two plates A, D are placed on a flexible deflection clamp (or other conventional clamps), a welding line is aligned with a processing seam in a clamping unit and fixed by the clamping unit, and then the welding is carried out; welding of B, C plates is completed in the same manner.
Transferring the welded AD plate and BC plate to other devices for clamping and fixing, and correcting the joint of the AD plate and the BC plate by adopting a cutting head to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by welding the two plates of A, D and the two plates of B, C; and finally, placing the corrected AD plate and BC plate on a flexible displacement clamp, adjusting the angles and positions of two clamping units in the flexible displacement clamp to enable a processing seam in the clamping units to be matched with a welding seam between the two plates, and then fixing the two plates by the clamping units for welding. Since a certain interval exists between the two welding seams and a certain included angle exists when the welding is performed, the clamping unit in the flexible displacement clamp is adjusted according to the state shown in fig. 6. And finishing the tailor-welding processing of the workpiece in the embodiment after the welding is finished.
Example 3
The processing object in this embodiment is a single-ring automobile door ring composed of two plates, the structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 7, and fig. 7 shows various welding seam forms, which can be processed by the method in this embodiment. According to the embodiment, firstly, according to the positions and angles of two welding seams, the angles and positions of two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp are adjusted through the track assembly and the rotating assembly, so that machining seams in the clamping units are matched with the two welding seams, then the two welding seams are fixed by the clamping units, and then the two welding seams are welded into a ring by adopting a machining head.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the processing object is a single-ring automobile door ring composed of more than three plates, the structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 8, and fig. 8 shows various weld forms, which can be processed by the method in this embodiment.
In the embodiment, the C-shaped semi-rings corresponding to the A column and the threshold and the H-shaped part corresponding to the B column are welded and formed independently, and the welding process can be finished on the flexible deflection clamp or a common clamp. And then according to the positions and angles of the two welding seams of the C-shaped semi-ring and the H-shaped part in butt joint, adjusting the angles and positions of the two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp through the track assembly and the rotating assembly, enabling the machining seam in the clamping unit to be matched with the two welding seams, fixing the two plates through the clamping unit, correcting the joint of the C-shaped semi-ring and the H-shaped part through the cutting head so as to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding procedure, clamping and fixing through the clamping unit again, and welding into a ring.
Example 5
The processing object in this embodiment is a double-ring automobile door ring composed of a plurality of plates, and the structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 9. In this embodiment, the single-ring door ring is first processed according to the steps in embodiment 4 or embodiment 3, and simultaneously the inverted-C-shaped half rings corresponding to the C-pillar and the threshold are independently welded and formed, and the welding of the inverted-C-shaped half rings can be performed on the flexible displacement fixture or the conventional fixture of the present application.
Then according to the positions and angles of the two welding seams of the single-ring door ring and the inverted C-shaped semi-ring during butt joint, the angles and positions of the two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp are adjusted through the track assembly and the rotating assembly, so that the machining seams in the clamping units are matched with the two welding seams (the two welding seams during joint welding in the embodiment refer to black thick solid line marks in fig. 9, the adjusting state of the corresponding flexible deflection clamp is just as shown in fig. 2), after the two plates are fixed by the clamping units, the joints of the single-ring door ring and the inverted C-shaped semi-ring are corrected by the cutting heads, so that dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding procedure is eliminated, then the clamping units are used for clamping and fixing again, and the double-ring automobile door ring is welded.
Claims (1)
1. An automobile annular part welding process based on a flexible deflection clamp, wherein the automobile annular part is a double-ring automobile door ring;
The flexible displacement clamp comprises:
The bottom bracket is arranged on the working table surface; the workbench surface is provided with a moving track, the bottom bracket is arranged on the moving track through supporting legs, and the bottom bracket moves along the moving track under the control of the servo driving device;
the sliding platforms are provided with two adjacent groups, the two groups of sliding platforms are arranged on the bottom bracket through a track assembly below the sliding platforms and slide along the track assembly, and the relative sliding directions of the two groups of sliding platforms are not mutually interfered when the two groups of sliding platforms slide relatively so as to realize the displacement of the two groups of sliding platforms; the sliding platform is provided with a servo driving device and moves along the track assembly under the control of the servo driving device;
the rotary table top is provided with two groups, is respectively arranged on the two sliding platforms through the rotary components and can freely rotate on the sliding platforms; the rotating shaft in the rotating assembly is arranged below the center part of the rotating table top, a servo driving device is further arranged in the rotating assembly, and the rotating table top rotates under the control of the servo driving device;
The clamping unit adopts an electromagnet or a vacuum chuck, is provided with two groups and is respectively arranged on the two rotary table tops through a support, and a machining slit is formed at the center line of the top surface of the clamping unit; the support arranged below the at least one clamping unit is a liftable support;
the method is characterized in that the automobile annular part welding process comprises the following steps:
a) Aiming at a single-ring type automobile door ring formed by two plates, firstly, according to the positions and angles of two welding seams, adjusting the angles and positions of two clamping units in a flexible deflection clamp through a track assembly and a rotating assembly to enable machining seams in the clamping units to be matched with the two welding seams, and then fixing the two plates by the clamping units, and welding the two plates into a ring by adopting a machining head;
b) Aiming at a single-ring type automobile door ring composed of more than three plates, firstly, C-shaped semi-rings corresponding to an A column and a threshold and H-shaped parts corresponding to a B column are respectively and independently welded and formed, then, according to the positions and angles of two welding seams of the C-shaped semi-rings and the H-shaped parts in butt joint, the angles and the positions of two clamping units in a flexible deflection clamp are adjusted through a track assembly and a rotating assembly, so that machining seams in the clamping units are matched with the two welding seams, after the two plates are fixed by the clamping units, the joint positions of the C-shaped semi-rings and the H-shaped parts are corrected by a cutting head so as to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding procedure, and then, the welding is carried out by clamping and fixing by the clamping units;
c) Adopting the process in the step a) or the step b) to process into a single-ring door ring, simultaneously welding and forming the anti-C-shaped semi-rings corresponding to the C-pillar and the threshold independently, then adjusting the angles and the positions of two clamping units in the flexible deflection clamp through the track assembly and the rotating assembly according to the positions and angles of two welding seams of the single-ring door ring and the anti-C-shaped semi-rings during butt joint, enabling the processing seam in the clamping unit to be matched with the two welding seams, fixing the two plates through the clamping unit, correcting the joint of the single-ring door ring and the anti-C-shaped semi-rings through the cutting head so as to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding process, and then fixing the welding double-ring type automobile door ring through the clamping unit.
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