CN116786925B

CN116786925B - Automatic exchange and guide wire supporting system and method for electric machining numerical control electrode and machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN116786925B
Application number: CN202311034328.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 叶军; 丁人平; 李�杰; 顾岭; 张兵; 翁海俊
Original assignee: Suzhou Sanguang Science & Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Sanguang Science & Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-17
Filing date: 2023-08-17
Publication date: 2023-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2043-08-17
Also published as: CN116786925A

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic exchange and wire guide and wire holding system, method and machine tool of an electric machining numerical control electrode, wherein the system comprises a main shaft substrate, a first Z-axis carriage, a second Z-axis carriage, a rotating head, a guider positioning seat, a guider, an electrode exchange assembly, a positioning locking module, a first driving module and a second driving module; the system is configured to functionally transition between an electrode exchange state, a guide wire state, a wire holding state, and an electrode re-exchange state under the action of the first drive module, the second drive module, and the positioning and locking module. The technical scheme solves the problems that the lower end of the electrode tube wire can be guided into the guide hole of the guide device and the electrode tube wire is supported in the electric machining process in the automatic exchange electrode for numerical control electric spark small hole machining, thereby creating necessary conditions for realizing full-automatic machining of a numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine tool.

Description

Automatic exchange and guide wire supporting system and method for electric machining numerical control electrode and machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control electric spark automatic machining, in particular to an automatic exchange and guide wire supporting system and method for an electric machining numerical control electrode of a numerical control small hole electric machining machine tool and the machine tool.

Background

The numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine tool is an important category in the electric machining machine tool, is a high-end working machine which is widely applied to important manufacturing fields such as aerospace, heavy duty, dies, medical equipment, energy equipment and the like, and plays an important role of being difficult to replace.

The numerical control electric spark small hole processing machine adopts a slender copper pipe (wire) as an electrode, a guide is needed to guide the slender copper pipe in processing so as to ensure normal processing, copper pipe electrodes and guides with corresponding outer diameters are needed to be replaced in processing small holes with different apertures, the structure of the numerical control electric spark small hole processing machine can be shown by referring to fig. 1, the numerical control electric spark small hole processing machine comprises a main shaft head 91, a rotating head 92, an electrode chuck 93, an electrode tube wire 94 and a guide 95, and the lower end of the electrode tube wire 94 passes through the guide 95. Because copper tubes are extremely thin and long, the minimum diameter is 0.2mm or less, the electrode length is 400mm, and the like, in order to prevent the elongate wire clamped in the machine tool rotating head 92 between the electrode chuck 93 and the guide 95 from buckling during processing, a wire supporting device 96 is often added between the electrode chuck 93 and the guide 95. In the automatic numerical control electric spark small hole machining of the workpiece small hole, the machine tool also needs to automatically exchange the electrode. The automatic exchange of the electric spark small hole machining electrode is generally to install electrode tube wires 94 (wires) with various specifications in an electrode chuck 93, place the electrode chuck 93 with the electrode tube wires 94 in an electrode warehouse, and automatically install a designated electrode chuck 93 into a main shaft of a machine tool rotating head 92 through a mechanical arm. Due to the slimness of the electrode wire 94, the lower end of the electrode mounted in the electrode holder 93 of the rotary head 92 is deflected, and it is difficult to ensure the coaxial with the guide hole of the guide 95 at the lower end of the spindle of the machine tool, which results in that the electrode cannot be automatically penetrated into the guide hole of the guide 95. Even with the wire guide 96 on the machine tool, the lower end of the electrode tube wire 94 cannot be guided into the guide hole of the guide 95 due to the existing wire guide 96 construction scheme.

The technical proposal of the wire supporting mechanism used by two existing electric spark small hole processing machine tools is presented below.

Referring to fig. 2, the technical scheme of the wire supporting mechanism is that a spring follow-up scheme is adopted, a floating block 971 is slidably arranged in a guide rod 973, an upper spring 981 and a lower spring 982 are arranged in the guide rod 973, the lower end of the upper spring 981 is pressed on the upper end face of the floating block 971, the upper end of the lower spring 982 is pressed on the lower end face of the floating block 971, the parameters such as the outer diameter, the wire diameter, the screw pitch and the length of the upper spring 981 and the lower spring 982 are completely consistent, a wire supporting device 96 is arranged at the left end of the floating block 971, an electrode tube wire 94 arranged in an electrode chuck 93 passes through a wire supporting hole of the wire supporting device 96 and enters an inner hole of a guide 95, the follow-up block 972 is slidably sleeved in the guide rod 973 and is pressed on the upper end of the upper spring 981, and the left end of the follow-up block is fixedly connected with a rotating head 92. In the processing, the rotating head 92 drives the electrode tube wire 94 to feed and simultaneously drives the follow-up block 972 to press the upper spring 981, and because the parameters of the upper spring 981 and the lower spring 982 are completely consistent, when the follow-up block 972 descends by 1 length unit, the floating block 971 drives the wire lifter 96 to descend by 1/2 length unit, so that the wire lifter 96 is ensured to play a role in wire lifter at the middle position of the electrode tube wire 94 all the time. The wire supporter 96 has a simple structure, but since the wire supporter 96 is always positioned in the middle between the lower end of the electrode chuck 93 and the upper end of the guide 95, the wire supporter 96 cannot guide the lower end of the electrode tube wire 94 into the guide hole of the guide 95 during automatic electrode exchange.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the technical scheme of the wire supporting mechanism is a pulley follow-up scheme, the scheme of a movable pulley 991 follow-up scheme is adopted in fig. 3, the scheme of a movable pulley 991 and a fixed pulley 992 follow-up scheme is adopted in fig. 4, the principle design of the movable pulley 991 is utilized, when a soft steel wire 993 with one end fixed on a rotating head 92 is driven by the rotating head 92 to pull up (down) 1 length unit, the movable pulley 991 arranged on the floating block 971 drives the floating block 971 and the wire supporting device 96 arranged at the left front end of the floating block 971 to move (down) 1/2 length unit, so that the wire supporting device 96 is always positioned at the middle position of an electrode wire 94, the wire supporting effect is achieved, and the lower end of the electrode wire supporting device 96 cannot be guided into a guide hole of the guide 95 during automatic electrode exchange.

Because the lower ends of the electrode tube wires 94 cannot be guided into the guide holes of the guide 95 during electrode exchange by the conventional two or other wire centralizer schemes, the lower ends of the electrode tube wires 94 cannot be guided when electrode exchange is required, the lower ends of the electrode tube wires 94 cannot be aligned with the guide holes of the guide, penetration failure can be caused, the electrode tube wires 94 can be damaged, and full-automatic machining of the numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine tool cannot be realized if manual guiding is performed.

Therefore, how to solve the difficult problem of wire holding of the electrode tube wire during machining can be achieved by guiding the lower end of the electrode tube wire into the guide hole of the guide in the automatic exchange electrode during numerical control electric spark small hole machining, and the research content of the subject is achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an automatic exchange and guide wire supporting system and method for an electric machining numerical control electrode and a machine tool.

In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the system comprises a main shaft substrate, a first Z-axis carriage, a second Z-axis carriage, a rotating head, a guider positioning seat, a guider, an electrode exchange assembly, a positioning locking module, a first driving module and a second driving module;

the first Z-axis carriage and the second Z-axis carriage are arranged on the main shaft substrate in a linear displacement manner, a rotating head is arranged on the first Z-axis carriage, the guide positioning seat is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the main shaft substrate, and the guide is arranged in a guide mounting hole of the guide positioning seat; the axis of the guide hole of the guide is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotating head;

The electrode exchange assembly comprises an electrode chuck, an electrode tube wire and a wire guide wire stabilizer; the electrode clamp is positioned and clamped in an inner hole of a rotating main shaft of the rotating head, the electrode clamp can be automatically positioned, clamped and loosened in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft, a separable and back-arranged wire guide and support device is arranged at the lower end of the electrode clamp, the upper end of the electrode tube wire passes through an inner wire guide and support hole of the wire guide and is clamped in the electrode clamp, and the lower end of the electrode tube wire penetrates into a guide hole of the guide device;

the positioning and locking module is a module for positioning, automatically grabbing and releasing the guide wire stabilizer, is fixedly arranged on the second Z-axis carriage and comprises a positioning block for positioning the guide wire stabilizer, a locking block for locking the guide wire stabilizer and a locking driving assembly for driving the locking block to lock; in a state that the positioning and locking module is used for positioning the guide wire centering device, the axis of the inner guide wire centering hole of the guide wire centering device is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotating head;

the first driving module and the second driving module are respectively and independently control the linear motion of the rotating head and the linear motion of the positioning and locking module; the driving action end of the first driving module is connected with the rotating head through a first Z-axis carriage, and the first driving module drives the rotating head to do numerical control linear motion on a first Z-axis; the driving action end of the second driving module is connected with the positioning and locking module through a second Z-axis carriage, and the positioning and locking module is driven by the second driving module to perform numerical control linear motion on a second Z-axis;

The system is configured to perform function conversion among an electrode exchange state, a wire guide state, a wire holding state and an electrode re-exchange state under the action of the first driving module, the second driving module, the rotating head and the positioning and locking module;

entering an electrode exchange state: the first driving module drives the rotating head to ascend, the second driving module drives the positioning locking module to ascend and to be close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head, so that the rotating head and the positioning locking module are positioned at an electrode exchange position, a locking block of the positioning locking module is opened, at the moment, an electrode chuck of an electrode exchange assembly positioned in an electrode library can be placed into and locked in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head through an automatic electrode exchange mechanism of a machine tool, positioning and clamping of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head to the electrode exchange assembly are realized, a guide wire supporting device is simultaneously placed into a positioning block, and the guide wire supporting device is locked in the positioning block through the driving of the locking block by the locking driving module;

after the electrode exchange state is completed, a guidewire state is entered: the second driving module drives the positioning locking module and the wire guide wire centering device therein to move downwards, separate from the electrode chuck and move away from the electrode chuck until the lower end of the wire guide wire centering device is close to the upper end of the guide wire, then the first driving module drives the first Z-axis dragging plate, the rotating head, the electrode chuck and the electrode tube wire to move downwards along the first Z-axis for a set distance, and the electrode tube wire is guided into the guide hole of the guide wire centering device under the guidance of the inner wire guide wire centering hole of the wire guide wire centering device;

After the guided filament is completed, a holding filament is entered: the first driving module is linked with the second driving module to drive the first Z-axis carriage, the rotating head, the electrode chuck and the electrode tube wire to move by one length unit, and drive the second Z-axis carriage, the positioning and locking module and the wire guide wire supporting device to move by one half length unit, so that the wire guide wire supporting device is always positioned in the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck and the upper end of the guide device;

in the wire holding state or the wire guiding state, the electrode re-exchange state is entered: the rotating head and the positioning and locking module enter an electrode exchange position, the wire guide wire centralizer is arranged at the lower end of the electrode chuck in a back mode, and the positioning and locking module releases the wire guide wire centralizer; the mechanical arm of the electrode base takes out and puts the electrode exchange assembly in the rotating head into the electrode base to be positioned.

In order to achieve the above object, the second aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the control method for automatic exchange and wire guide of the electro-machining numerical control electrode comprises the following steps:

s100, the numerical control system controls the first driving module to drive the rotating head to ascend to the electrode exchange position;

s200, the numerical control system controls the second driving module to drive the positioning locking module to ascend to the electrode exchange position and to be close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head, and at the moment, the positioning locking module is opened;

S300, the mechanical arm of the electrode library grabs an electrode exchange assembly in the electrode library, and after the electrode chuck is positioned and clamped in an inner hole of a rotating main shaft of the rotating head, the mechanical arm retreats, and at the moment, the wire guide wire stabilizer enters a positioning groove of the positioning block;

s400, controlling a locking driving assembly by a numerical control system, driving a locking block by the locking driving assembly, and positioning and clamping a guide wire stabilizer in a positioning block;

s500, the numerical control system controls the second driving module to drive the positioning locking module to move downwards, the wire guide wire lifter is separated from the electrode chuck firstly, and then the second driving module drives the positioning locking module and the wire guide wire lifter to move downwards continuously, so that the lower end of the wire guide wire lifter is close to the upper end of the guide wire;

s600, the numerical control system controls the first driving module to drive the rotating head and the electrode tube wire to move downwards, and the electrode tube wire enters a guide hole of the guide device under the guidance of the wire guide device;

s700, the numerical control system controls the wire guide wire supporting device to ascend to the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck and the upper end of the guide device, and the wire guide wire supporting device enters a wire supporting state at the moment;

and S800, performing electric spark small hole machining, wherein the first driving module and the second driving module are linked to drive the first Z-axis carriage, the rotating head, the electrode chuck and the electrode tube wire to move by one length unit, and drive the second Z-axis carriage, the positioning and locking module and the wire guide wire supporting device to move by one half length unit, and the wire guide wire supporting device is always positioned at the middle position of the lower end of the electrode chuck and the upper end of the guide device so as to realize electric spark small hole machining wire guide supporting.

In order to achieve the above object, the third aspect of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention provides a numerical control small hole electric machining machine tool which comprises a guide wire holding system, an electrode automatic exchange mechanism, an electrode library and a numerical control system, wherein the electrode automatic exchange mechanism, the electrode library and the numerical control system are used in cooperation with the guide wire holding system.

The design principle and the technical conception of the invention are as follows: in order to solve the difficult problems that the lower end of the electrode tube wire can be guided into the guide hole of the guide device and the electrode tube wire can be supported during the machining in the automatic exchange electrode for the numerical control electric spark small hole machining, the invention provides the technical scheme of automatic exchange, wire guiding and wire supporting of the numerical control electrode for the numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine tool, which comprises the following steps: firstly, designing a separable electrode exchange assembly of a guide wire stabilizer, wherein the guide wire stabilizer can be combined with an electrode chuck into a whole at the lower end of the electrode chuck, or can be separated or put back, and the upper end of an electrode tube wire passes through a guide wire holding hole of the guide wire stabilizer in advance and is then clamped by the electrode chuck to form an integral electrode exchange assembly; secondly, a positioning and locking module capable of completing automatic positioning clamping or releasing of the guide wire supporting device is designed; thirdly, designing a first driving module and a second driving module, and respectively driving the first Z-axis carriage, the rotating head, the electrode exchange assembly and the second Z-axis carriage and the positioning locking module to independently or in linkage digital operation; and fourthly, designing a control method for switching the four states of the electrode exchange state, the guide wire state, the wire holding state and the electrode re-exchange state. Under the control of a numerical control system of the machine tool, the rotary head, the electrode chuck, the electrode tube wire, the positioning and locking module and the wire guide wire lifter are driven to do digital independent movement or linkage by the first driving module and the second driving module, and under the cooperation of the locking driving module of the positioning and locking module, the functions of automatic electrode exchange, wire guide wire feeding, wire holding and electrode re-exchange and conversion are realized.

The relevant content explanation in the technical scheme is as follows:

1. in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

2. In the above solutions, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be a mechanical connection; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

3. In the above schemes, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

4. In the scheme of the first aspect, the spindle substrate is fixedly provided with the first guide rail and the second guide rail, the first Z-axis carriage is slidably or rollingly arranged on the first guide rail, the first driving module drives the first Z-axis carriage to perform numerical control linear motion along the first Z-axis on the first guide rail, the second Z-axis carriage is slidably or rollingly arranged on the second guide rail, and the second driving module drives the second Z-axis carriage to perform numerical control linear motion along the second Z-axis on the second guide rail, so that the operation of the rotary head and the wire guide wire stabilizer is more reliable and accurate.

5. In the foregoing solution of the first aspect, the first driving module includes a first rotary servo motor, a first screw nut pair, and a first screw base, where the first rotary servo motor and the first screw base are fixedly installed on the spindle head substrate, the upper end of a screw of the first screw nut pair is rotationally connected with the first screw base, a rotation shaft of the first rotary servo motor is coaxially connected with an extending end of the upper end of a screw of the first screw nut pair, and a nut of the first screw nut pair is cooperatively connected with the first Z-axis carriage, and the rotation shaft of the first rotary servo motor drives the screw of the first screw nut pair to rotate, so as to drive the first Z-axis carriage to perform numerical control linear motion along a first Z-axis on the first guide rail;

The second driving module comprises a second rotary servo motor, a second screw nut pair and a second screw rod seat, wherein the second rotary servo motor and the second screw rod seat are fixedly arranged on the main shaft head substrate, the upper end of a screw rod of the second screw nut pair is rotationally connected with the second screw rod seat, a rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor is coaxially connected with the extending end of the upper end of the screw rod of the second screw nut pair, a nut of the second screw nut pair is matched and connected with the second Z-axis carriage, and the rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor drives the screw rod of the second screw nut pair to rotate so as to drive the second Z-axis carriage to do numerical control linear motion along a second Z-axis on a second guide rail.

6. In the foregoing solution of the first aspect, the first driving module and the second driving module may also be directly connected to the first Z-axis carriage and the second Z-axis carriage by two linear servomotors, and directly drive the first Z-axis carriage and the second Z-axis carriage to perform numerical control linear motion along the first Z-axis and the second Z-axis on the first guide rail and the second guide rail, respectively.

7. In the foregoing first aspect, the first driving module and the second driving module may also be configured by a rotary servo motor and a rack-and-pinion transmission pair or a rotary servo motor and a belt pulley belt transmission pair.

8. In the foregoing first aspect, the first driving module and the second driving module may also be configured by a combination of the following driving modes:

the rotary servo motor is matched with the screw rod nut pair;

a linear servo motor is driven;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the gear rack transmission pair;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the belt pulley belt transmission pair.

9. In the foregoing aspect, a magnetic positioning ring is disposed between the lower end of the electrode holder and the upper end of the wire guide device, and a magnetic attraction portion is disposed on one of the two magnetic positioning rings, and the other magnetic positioning ring is disposed corresponding to the magnetic positioning ring, and the magnetic attraction portion and the magnetic positioning ring are mutually matched and magnetically attracted to each other for connection or separation between the electrode holder and the wire guide device. When a certain downward force is applied to the wire guide wire centering device along the axial direction of the wire guide wire centering device, the wire guide wire centering device can be separated from the electrode chuck, and when the upper end of the wire guide wire centering device is close to the lower end of the electrode chuck, the wire guide centering device and the electrode chuck can be stably and accurately positioned and connected by means of magnetic attraction force.

10. In the foregoing aspect of the present invention, the magnetic positioning ring is fixedly disposed at a lower end portion of the electrode chuck, a positioning hole adapted to an outer edge of the magnetic positioning ring is disposed at an upper end portion of the wire guide wire supporter, the wire guide wire supporter or the positioning hole disposed at the upper end portion thereof is made of magnetically conductive metal material, and the upper end of the wire guide wire supporter forms the magnetic attraction portion. The guide wire supporting device has reasonable structural design, and compared with other schemes, the counterweight of the guide wire supporting device is lighter, thereby being beneficial to being positioned in the middle position for supporting the guide wire.

11. In the foregoing aspect, the positioning hole is one of the following:

round holes, such as flat bottom round holes;

positioning holes formed by plane and plane or cambered surface and cambered surface or cambered surface and plane, such as hexagonal holes, square holes, triangular holes and the like.

12. In the foregoing aspect, an elastic buckle is disposed between the lower end of the electrode chuck and the upper end of the wire guide device, and a clamping groove is disposed on one of the two ends and corresponds to the elastic buckle.

13. In the above-mentioned scheme of the first aspect, set up the constant head tank on the locating piece, the guide wire ware's outer fringe shape with the shape looks adaptation of constant head tank, the guide wire ware is put into in the constant head tank after by locking drive assembly drive latch segment to the guide wire ware locks to this carries out the accurate positioning to the guide wire ware, ensures the axis of the guiding hole of guide ware and the axis of the interior guide wire hole of guide wire ware is coaxial with the rotation axis of rotating head.

14. In the foregoing solution of the first aspect, the positioning groove may be an open groove formed by a plane and a plane, an arc surface and an arc surface, or a plane and an arc surface, and may be an open groove formed by a V-shape, an arc, a semicircular arc, or the like.

15. In the above-mentioned first aspect, the locking driving assembly is fixedly mounted on the positioning block, the locking driving assembly drives the locking block to linearly move or swing in a horizontal direction, and in a locked state, the locking block is in abutting fit with the outer edge of the wire guide wire lifter, so that corresponding cooperation is made for automatic grabbing, releasing and positioning of the wire guide wire lifter.

16. In the foregoing aspect, the locking driving assembly is one of the following: cylinder assembly, link assembly, electromagnetic assembly, cam assembly, hydraulic pressure subassembly.

17. In the foregoing aspect of the second aspect, the control method further includes a step of re-exchanging the electrode exchange assembly, where the step of re-exchanging the electrode exchange assembly is as follows:

s900, the numerical control system controls the first driving module to drive the rotating head to ascend to the electrode exchange position, the numerical control system controls the second driving module to drive the positioning and locking module to ascend to the electrode exchange position, the upper end of the wire guide wire supporting device is magnetically attracted and positioned to be connected with the lower end of the electrode chuck, and the wire guide wire supporting device is arranged at the lower end of the electrode chuck in a returning mode;

s1000, controlling a locking driving assembly by a numerical control system, driving a locking block to retract by the locking driving assembly, and releasing a guide wire stabilizer;

S1100, the mechanical arm of the electrode base takes out the electrode exchange assembly in the rotating head, and places the electrode exchange assembly into the electrode base to be positioned;

s1200, repeating the steps S300 to S800, so that the electrode exchange assembly exchanged again realizes wire holding of the electric spark small hole machining wire.

Due to the application of the scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

1. in the scheme of the invention, the electrode exchange assembly is formed by the electrode chuck, the wire guide wire holder capable of being separated and arranged back and the electrode tube wire, the wire guide wire holder can be positioned and connected with the lower end of the electrode chuck, can be separated and arranged back from the electrode chuck, guides the lower end of the electrode tube wire into a guide hole of the guide device during automatic electrode exchange, can realize wire holding function between the electrode chuck and the guide device during numerical control electric spark small hole machining, and can be arranged back at the lower end of the electrode chuck during electrode re-exchange.

2. In the scheme, the positioning and locking module capable of automatically positioning, clamping or releasing the guide wire supporting device is designed to cooperatively complete the tasks of automatic exchange of the guide wire, the supporting wire and the electrode of the guide wire supporting system.

3. In the scheme, the first driving module and the second driving module which are digitally controlled are designed, and the first driving module and the second driving module respectively control the first Z-axis carriage to drive the rotating head, the electrode exchange assembly and the second Z-axis carriage to drive the positioning locking module and the wire guide wire supporting device to do independent or linked digital linear motion.

4. In the scheme of the invention, a control method for switching four states of an electrode exchange state, a guide wire state, a wire holding state and an electrode re-exchange state is designed.

5. In summary, the scheme of the invention solves the problems that the lower end of the electrode tube wire can be guided into the guide hole of the guide device and the electrode tube wire is supported in the electric machining in the automatic exchange electrode for numerical control electric spark small hole machining, thereby creating a necessary condition for realizing full-automatic machining for a numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine tool.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art numerical control electric spark small hole machining machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spring follower scheme used in a prior art numerical control electric spark small hole machining tool;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art numerical control electric spark small hole machine tool employing a movable pulley follower scheme;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional numerical control electric spark small hole processing machine tool using a movable pulley and fixed pulley matching follow-up scheme;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention in a steady state;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the cross-section A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in an electrode exchange state or an electrode re-exchange state;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of portion B of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the cross-section C-C of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the cross-section D-D of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention in a guidewire state;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an electrode exchange assembly according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an electrode holder and electrode wire according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a magnetic retaining ring according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a guidewire stabilizer in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an elastic buckle structure according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart of a third control method according to the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic flow chart of the re-exchange of the three-electrode exchange assembly according to the embodiment of the invention.

In the above figures:

1. a spindle substrate; 11. a first guide rail; 12. a second guide rail;

2. a first Z-axis carriage;

3. a second Z-axis carriage;

41. a rotating head; 42. a guide positioning seat; 43. a guide;

5. an electrode exchange assembly; 51. an electrode chuck; 511. a magnetic positioning ring; 512. an elastic buckle; 52. an electrode tube wire; 53. a guide wire lifter; 531. a magnetic attraction part; 532. a clamping groove;

6. a locking module; 61. a positioning block; 611. a positioning groove; 62. a locking block; 63. a locking drive assembly;

7. A first driving module; 71. a first rotary servo motor; 72. the first screw-nut pair; 73. a first screw rod seat;

8. a second driving module; 81. a second rotary servo motor; 82. the second screw-nut pair; 83. a second screw rod seat;

91. a spindle head; 92. a rotating head; 93. an electrode chuck; 94. an electrode tube wire; 95. a guide; 96. a wire supporter; 971. a slider; 972. a follower block; 973. a guide rod; 981. a spring is arranged; 982. a lower spring; 991. a movable pulley; 992. a fixed pulley; 993. and (5) a soft steel wire.

Description of the embodiments

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein modifications and variations are possible in light of the teachings of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon understanding the embodiments of the present invention.

The invention aims to solve the difficult problems that the lower end of the electrode tube wire 52 can be guided into the guide hole of the guide 43 and the electrode tube wire 52 can be held during the machining in the automatic exchange electrode for the numerical control electric spark small hole machining.

In order to solve the above problems, the design concept of the invention is as follows:

firstly, designing an electrode exchange assembly 5 with a separable guide wire supporting device 53, wherein the guide wire supporting device 53 and the electrode chuck 51 can be combined into a whole at the lower end of the electrode chuck 51, or can be separated or put back, and the upper end of an electrode tube wire 52 passes through a guide wire supporting hole of the guide wire supporting device 53 in advance and then is clamped by the electrode chuck 51 to form the whole electrode exchange assembly 5;

Secondly, a positioning and locking module 6 capable of completing automatic positioning clamping or releasing of the wire guide wire stabilizer 53 is designed;

thirdly, a first driving module 7 and a second driving module 8 are designed to respectively drive the first Z-axis carriage 2, the rotating head 41, the electrode exchange assembly 5, the second Z-axis carriage and the positioning locking module 6 to perform independent or linked digital operation;

and fourthly, designing a control method for switching the four states of the electrode exchange state, the guide wire state, the wire holding state and the electrode re-exchange state.

Under the control of a numerical control system of the machine tool, the rotary head 41, the electrode chuck 51, the electrode tube wire 52, the positioning and locking module 6 and the wire guide wire supporting device 53 are driven to independently move or link through the first driving module 7 and the second driving module 8, and under the cooperation of the locking driving module 63 of the positioning and locking module 6, the automatic exchange of the electrode, the wire guide wire feeding, the wire supporting and electrode re-exchange functions and the exchange of the electrode are realized.

Specific examples are described in detail below.

Embodiment one: referring to fig. 5 to 15, an embodiment of the invention provides an automatic exchange and wire guide system for an electric machining numerical control electrode, which comprises a main shaft substrate 1, a first Z-axis carriage 2, a second Z-axis carriage 3, a rotating head 41, a guide positioning seat 42, a guide 43, an electrode exchange assembly 5, a positioning and locking module 6, a first driving module 7 and a second driving module 8.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first Z-axis carriage 2 and the second Z-axis carriage 3 are mounted on the spindle base plate 1 in a linearly displaceable manner, the first Z-axis carriage 2 is mounted with a rotating head 41, the guide positioning seat 42 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the spindle base plate 1, and the guide 43 is mounted in a guide mounting hole of the guide positioning seat 42; the axis of the guide hole of the guide 43 is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotary head 41.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the electrode exchange assembly 5 includes an electrode chuck 51, an electrode tube wire 52, and a wire guide and support device 53; the electrode chuck 51 is positioned and clamped in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head 41, the electrode chuck 51 can be automatically positioned, clamped and loosened in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft, the lower end of the electrode chuck 51 is provided with a separable and back-arranged wire guide wire supporting device 53, the upper end of the electrode tube wire 52 passes through the inner wire guide wire supporting hole of the wire guide wire supporting device 53 and is clamped in the electrode chuck 51, and the lower end of the electrode tube wire 52 further passes through the guide hole of the guide device 43.

The positioning and locking module 6 is a module for positioning, automatically grabbing and releasing the guide wire stabilizer 53, the positioning and locking module 6 is fixedly arranged on the second Z-axis carriage 3, and the positioning and locking module 6 comprises a positioning block 61 for positioning the guide wire stabilizer 53, a locking block 62 for locking the guide wire stabilizer 53 and a locking driving assembly 63 for driving the locking block 62 to lock; in a state that the positioning and locking module 6 positions the guide wire centralising device 53, the axis of the inner guide wire centralising hole of the guide wire centralising device 53 is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotation head 41.

The first driving module 7 and the second driving module 8 are modules for respectively and independently controlling the linear motion of the rotating head 41 and the linear motion of the positioning and locking module 6; the driving action end of the first driving module 7 is connected with the rotating head 41 through a first Z-axis carriage 2, and the first driving module 7 drives the rotating head 41 to perform numerical control linear motion on a first Z-axis; the driving action end of the second driving module 8 is connected with the positioning and locking module 6 through the second Z-axis carriage 3, and the second driving module 8 drives the positioning and locking module 6 to perform numerical control linear motion on the second Z-axis.

The first driving module 7 drives the rotary head 41 to ascend, and the second driving module 8 drives the positioning and locking module 6 to ascend and close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotary spindle of the rotary head 41, so that the rotary head 41 and the positioning and locking module 6 are positioned at an electrode exchange position; the upper end of the wire guide and wire holder 53 is connected with the lower end of the electrode chuck 51 in a positioning way, the upper end of the electrode tube wire 52 passes through an inner wire guide and wire holding hole of the wire guide and wire holder 53 and is clamped in the electrode chuck 51, the wire guide and wire holder 53 and the electrode tube wire 52 are combined into an electrode exchange assembly 5 positioned at an electrode exchange position, and the combined state of the electrode exchange assembly 5 can refer to fig. 12.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the system is configured to perform a functional transition between an electrode exchange state, a wire guide state, a wire holding state, and an electrode re-exchange state under the action of the first drive module 7, the second drive module 8, the rotating head 41, and the positioning and locking module 6.

Entering an electrode exchange state: referring to fig. 7 to 10, the first driving module 7 drives the rotating head 41 to move upwards, the second driving module 8 drives the positioning locking module 6 to move upwards and approach to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating spindle of the rotating head 41, so that the rotating head 41 and the positioning locking module 6 are positioned at the electrode exchange position, the locking block 62 of the positioning locking module 6 is opened, at this time, the electrode clamping head 51 of the electrode exchange assembly 5 positioned in the electrode library can be placed into and locked in the inner hole of the rotating spindle of the rotating head 41 through the automatic electrode exchange mechanism of the machine tool, positioning clamping of the rotating spindle of the rotating head 41 to the electrode exchange assembly 5 is achieved, the wire guide stabilizer 53 is simultaneously placed into the positioning block 61, and the locking block 62 is driven by the locking driving module 63 to lock the wire guide stabilizer 53 in the positioning block 61.

After the electrode exchange state is completed, a guidewire state is entered: referring to fig. 11, the second driving module 8 drives the positioning and locking module 6 and the wire guide wire supporting device 53 therein to move downwards and separate from the electrode chuck 51 and far away from the electrode chuck 51 until the lower end of the wire guide wire supporting device 53 is close to the upper end of the guide 43, and then the first driving module 7 drives the first Z-axis carriage 2, the rotating head 41, the electrode chuck 51 and the electrode wire 52 to move downwards along the first Z-axis for a set distance, wherein the electrode wire 52 is guided into the guide hole of the guide 43 under the guidance of the inner wire supporting hole of the wire guide wire supporting device 53.

After the guided filament is completed, a holding filament is entered: referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first driving module 7 and the second driving module 8 are linked to drive the first Z-axis carriage 2, the rotating head 41, the electrode chuck 51 and the electrode tube wire 52 to move by one length unit, and drive the second Z-axis carriage 3, the positioning and locking module 6 and the wire guide wire stabilizer 53 to move by one half length unit, so that the wire guide wire stabilizer 53 is always positioned in the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck 51 and the upper end of the guide 43.

In the wire holding state or the wire guiding state, the electrode re-exchange state is entered: referring to fig. 7 again, the rotating head 41 and the positioning and locking module 6 enter the electrode exchange position, the wire guide stabilizer 53 is placed back to the lower end of the electrode chuck 51, and the positioning and locking module 6 releases the wire guide stabilizer 53; the robot arm of the electrode bank takes out and puts the electrode exchange assembly 5 in the spin head 41 into the electrode bank designating position.

One of the detailed embodiments of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

In this detailed embodiment, the guide wire supporter 53 has an inner guide wire supporter, the upper end of the guide wire supporter 53 is provided with a positioning hole, the guide wire supporter 53 or the positioning hole provided at the upper end thereof is made of a magnetically conductive metal material, and the upper end of the guide wire supporter 53 forms a magnetic attraction part 531. The magnetic positioning ring 511 is fixedly arranged on the electrode holder 51, the magnetic attraction part 531 and the magnetic positioning ring 511 are mutually matched and magnetically attracted to be connected, so that the electrode holder 51 and the wire guide stabilizer 53 are in positioning connection or separation, and the arrangement of the structure is adopted. When a certain downward force is applied to the wire guide and support device 53 along the axial direction of the wire guide and support device 53, the wire guide and support device 53 can be separated from the electrode chuck 51, and when the upper end of the wire guide and support device 53 is close to the lower end of the electrode chuck 51, the two can be stably and accurately positioned and connected by means of magnetic attraction force.

In this detailed embodiment, the positioning and locking module 6 includes a positioning block 61, a locking block 62 and a locking driving assembly 63, a positioning groove 611 is formed on the positioning block 61, the shape of the outer edge of the wire guide stabilizer 53 is matched with the shape of the positioning groove 611, after the wire guide stabilizer 53 is placed in the positioning groove 611, the locking block 62 is driven by the locking driving assembly 63 to lock the wire guide stabilizer 53, so as to accurately position the wire guide stabilizer 53, and ensure that the axis of the guide hole of the guide 43 and the axis of the inner wire guide hole of the wire guide stabilizer 53 are coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotating head 41. The locking driving assembly 63 is fixedly mounted on the positioning block 61, the locking driving assembly 63 drives the locking block 62 to linearly move or swing in the horizontal direction, and in a locked state, the locking block 62 is in abutting fit with the outer edge of the guide wire stabilizer 53, so that corresponding cooperation is made for automatic grabbing, releasing and positioning of the guide wire stabilizer 53. Specifically, the locking driving assembly 63 is an air cylinder assembly, and the locking driving assembly 63 drives the locking block 62 to move in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the positioning groove 611 is a groove formed by a plane and a plane, an arc surface and an arc surface, or a plane and an arc surface, and may be a groove formed by a V-shape, an arc, a semicircular arc, etc.

In this detailed embodiment, the spindle base plate 1 is fixedly provided with a first guide rail 11 and a second guide rail 12, the first Z-axis carriage 2 is slidably or rollably mounted on the first guide rail 11, the first driving module 7 drives the first Z-axis carriage 2 to perform numerical control linear motion along a first Z-axis on the first guide rail 11, the second Z-axis carriage 3 is slidably or rollably mounted on the second guide rail 12, and the second driving module 8 drives the second Z-axis carriage 3 to perform numerical control linear motion along a second Z-axis on the second guide rail 12, so that the operation of the rotating head 41 and the wire guide stabilizer 53 is more reliable and accurate.

In this detailed embodiment, the first driving module 7 includes a first rotary servo motor 71, a first screw nut pair 72, and a first screw base 73, where the first rotary servo motor 71 and the first screw base 73 are fixedly installed on the spindle head base plate, the upper end of the screw of the first screw nut pair 72 is rotationally connected with the first screw base 73, the rotating shaft of the first rotary servo motor 71 is coaxially connected with the protruding end of the upper end of the screw of the first screw nut pair 72, the nut of the first screw nut pair 72 is cooperatively connected with the first Z-axis carriage 2, and the rotating shaft of the first rotary servo motor 71 drives the screw of the first screw nut pair 72 to rotate, so as to drive the first Z-axis carriage 2 to perform a numerical control linear motion along the first Z-axis on the first guide rail 11.

In this detailed embodiment, the second driving module 8 includes a second rotary servo motor 81, a second screw nut pair 82, and a second screw base 83, where the second rotary servo motor 81 and the second screw base 83 are fixedly mounted on the spindle head substrate, the upper end of the screw of the second screw nut pair 82 is rotationally connected with the second screw base 83, the rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor 81 is coaxially connected with the extending end of the upper end of the screw of the second screw nut pair 82, the nut of the second screw nut pair 82 is cooperatively connected with the second Z-axis carriage, and the rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor 81 drives the screw of the second screw nut pair 82 to rotate, so as to drive the second Z-axis carriage 3 to perform a numerical control linear motion along the second Z-axis on the second guide rail 12.

Referring to a schematic flow chart shown in fig. 17, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for automatic exchange of an electro-machining numerical control electrode and wire-guiding and wire-holding, the control method includes the following steps:

s100, the numerical control system controls the first driving module 7 to drive the rotating head 41 to ascend to an electrode exchange position;

s200, the numerical control system controls the second driving module 8 to drive the positioning locking module 6 to ascend to the electrode exchange position and to be close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head 41, and at the moment, the positioning locking module 6 is opened;

S300, the mechanical arm of the electrode library grabs the electrode exchange assembly 5 in the electrode library, after the electrode chuck 51 is positioned and clamped in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head 41, the mechanical arm retreats, and at the moment, the guide wire stabilizer 53 enters the positioning groove 611 of the positioning block 61;

s400, controlling a locking driving assembly 63 by a numerical control system, driving a locking block 62 by the locking driving assembly 63, and positioning and clamping the guide wire stabilizer 53 in a positioning block 61;

s500, the numerical control system controls the second driving module 8 to drive the positioning locking module 6 to move downwards, the wire guide wire supporting device 53 is separated from the electrode chuck 51 firstly, and then the second driving module 8 drives the positioning locking module 6 and the wire guide wire supporting device 53 to move downwards continuously, so that the lower end of the wire guide wire supporting device 53 is close to the upper end of the guide device 43;

s600, the numerical control system controls the first driving module 7 to drive the rotating head 41 and the electrode tube wire 52 to move downwards, and the electrode tube wire 52 enters a guide hole of the guide 43 under the guidance of the guide wire stabilizer 53;

s700, the numerical control system controls the wire guide and support device 53 to ascend to the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck 51 and the upper end of the guide 43, and at the moment, the wire guide and support device 53 enters a wire support state;

s800, performing electric spark small hole machining, wherein the first driving module 7 and the second driving module 8 are linked to drive the first Z-axis carriage 2, the rotating head 41, the electrode chuck 51 and the electrode tube wire 52 to move by one length unit, and drive the second Z-axis carriage 3, the positioning and locking module 6 and the wire guide wire stabilizer 53 to move by one half length unit, and the wire guide wire stabilizer 53 is always positioned in the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck 51 and the upper end of the guide 43 so as to realize electric spark small hole machining wire guide wire stabilizer.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the automatic exchange of the electrically processed numerical control electrode and the control method of wire supporting of the guide wire further include the steps of re-exchanging the electrode exchange assembly 5, referring to the flow chart of fig. 18, of re-exchanging the electrode exchange assembly 5 as follows:

s900, the numerical control system controls the first driving module 7 to drive the rotating head 41 to ascend to the electrode exchange position, the numerical control system controls the second driving module 8 to drive the positioning locking module 6 to ascend to the electrode exchange position, the upper end of the wire guide wire supporting device 53 is magnetically attracted and positioned to be connected with the lower end of the electrode chuck 51, and the wire guide wire supporting device 53 is returned to the lower end of the electrode chuck 51;

s1000, controlling a locking driving assembly 63 by a numerical control system, driving a locking block 62 to retract by the locking driving assembly 63, and releasing the guide wire stabilizer 53;

s1100, the mechanical arm of the electrode bank takes out the electrode exchange assembly 5 in the rotating head 41, and places the electrode exchange assembly 5 into the electrode bank to be positioned;

s1200, repeating the steps S300 to S800, so that the electrode exchange assembly 5 exchanged again realizes the wire holding of the electric spark small hole machining wire.

An embodiment III of the invention provides a numerical control small hole electric machining machine tool, which comprises the guide wire holding system of the embodiment I of the invention, and an electrode automatic exchange mechanism, an electrode library and a numerical control system which are matched with the guide wire holding system for use.

In the above embodiments of the present invention, the variations that exist are described as follows:

1. in the above embodiments of the present invention, a magnetic positioning ring 511 is provided between the lower end of the electrode holder 51 and the upper end of the guide wire supporter 53, and a magnetic attraction portion 531 is provided on one of the two sides corresponding to the magnetic positioning ring 511.

2. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the guide wire stabilizer 53 or the positioning hole provided at the upper end portion thereof is made of a magnetically conductive metal material.

3. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the positioning hole provided at the upper end of the guide wire stabilizer 53 is one of the following: round holes, such as flat bottom round holes; positioning holes formed by plane and plane or cambered surface and cambered surface or cambered surface and plane, such as hexagonal holes, square holes, triangular holes and the like.

4. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the first driving module 7 and the second driving module 8 may be configured by one or a combination of two or more of the following driving modes:

the rotary servo motor is matched with the screw rod nut pair;

a linear servo motor is driven;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the gear rack transmission pair;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the belt pulley belt transmission pair.

5. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the positioning groove 611 of the positioning block 61 is an open groove formed by a plane and a plane, an arc and an arc, or a plane and an arc, and may be a V-shaped, an arc, a semicircular arc, or the like open groove.

6. In the above embodiments of the present invention, the locking driving assembly 63 drives the locking block 62 to linearly move or swing in a horizontal direction, and the locking driving assembly 63 is one of the following: cylinder assembly, link assembly, electromagnetic assembly, cam assembly, hydraulic pressure subassembly.

7. In the above embodiments of the present invention, an elastic buckle 512 is provided between the lower end of the electrode holder 51 and the upper end of the wire guide stabilizer 53, and a locking groove 532 is provided on one of the two corresponding to the elastic buckle 512. Specifically, as shown in fig. 16, the upper end of the elastic buckle 512 may be fixedly connected with the electrode chuck 51, the upper end of the wire guide device 53 is provided with a clamping groove 532, and the elastic buckle 512 may be composed of a spring and a limited ball.

The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic exchange of electrical machining numerical control electrode, seal wire hold up silk system, its characterized in that:

the system comprises a main shaft substrate (1), a first Z-axis carriage (2), a second Z-axis carriage (3), a rotating head (41), a guide positioning seat (42), a guide (43), an electrode exchange assembly (5), a positioning locking module (6), a first driving module (7) and a second driving module (8);

the first Z-axis carriage (2) and the second Z-axis carriage (3) are arranged on the main shaft substrate (1) in a linear displacement manner, a rotating head (41) is arranged on the first Z-axis carriage (2), the guide positioning seat (42) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the main shaft substrate (1), and the guide (43) is arranged in a guide mounting hole of the guide positioning seat (42); the axis of the guide hole of the guide (43) is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotating head (41);

the electrode exchange assembly (5) comprises an electrode chuck (51), an electrode tube wire (52) and a guide wire stabilizer (53); the electrode clamp head (51) is positioned and clamped in an inner hole of a rotating main shaft of the rotating head (41), the electrode clamp head (51) can be automatically positioned, clamped and loosened in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft, a separable wire guide and wire support device (53) which is arranged back is arranged at the lower end of the electrode clamp head (51), the upper end of an electrode tube wire (52) passes through an inner wire guide and wire support hole of the wire guide device (53) to be clamped in the electrode clamp head (51), and the lower end of the electrode tube wire (52) passes through a guide hole of the guide device (43);

The positioning and locking module (6) is a module for positioning, automatically grabbing and releasing the guide wire stabilizer (53), the positioning and locking module (6) is fixedly arranged on the second Z-axis carriage (3), and the positioning and locking module (6) comprises a positioning block (61) for positioning the guide wire stabilizer (53), a locking block (62) for locking the guide wire stabilizer (53) and a locking driving assembly (63) for driving the locking block (62) to lock; in a state that the positioning and locking module (6) positions the guide wire supporting device (53), the axis of the inner guide wire supporting hole of the guide wire supporting device (53) is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotating head (41);

the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) are modules for respectively and independently controlling the linear motion of the rotating head (41) and the linear motion of the positioning and locking module (6); the driving action end of the first driving module (7) is connected with the rotating head (41) through a first Z-axis carriage (2), and the first driving module (7) drives the rotating head (41) to perform numerical control linear motion on a first Z axis; the driving action end of the second driving module (8) is connected with the positioning and locking module (6) through a second Z-axis carriage (3), and the positioning and locking module (6) is driven by the second driving module (8) to perform numerical control linear motion on a second Z-axis;

The system is configured to perform functional conversion among an electrode exchange state, a wire guide state, a wire holding state and an electrode re-exchange state under the action of the first driving module (7), the second driving module (8), the rotating head (41) and the positioning and locking module (6);

entering an electrode exchange state: the first driving module (7) drives the rotating head (41) to ascend, the second driving module (8) drives the positioning locking module (6) to ascend and to be close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head (41), so that the rotating head (41) and the positioning locking module (6) are positioned at an electrode exchange position, a locking block (62) of the positioning locking module (6) is opened, at the moment, an electrode chuck (51) of an electrode exchange assembly (5) positioned in an electrode library can be placed in and locked in the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head (41) through an electrode automatic exchange mechanism of a machine tool, positioning clamping of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head (41) to the electrode exchange assembly (5) is realized, a wire guide stabilizer (53) is simultaneously placed in a positioning block (61), and the wire guide stabilizer (53) is locked in the positioning block (61) through the driving of the locking driving module (63);

after the electrode exchange state is completed, a guidewire state is entered: the second driving module (8) drives the positioning locking module (6) and the wire guide wire holding device (53) therein to move downwards to be separated from the electrode chuck (51) and far away from the electrode chuck (51) until the lower end of the wire guide wire holding device (53) is close to the upper end of the guide, then the first driving module (7) drives the first Z-axis carriage (2) and the rotating head (41), the electrode chuck (51) and the electrode tube wire (52) to move downwards along the first Z-axis for a set distance, and the electrode tube wire (52) is guided into the guide hole of the guide device (43) under the guidance of the inner wire guide wire holding hole of the wire guide wire holding device (53);

After the thread guiding state is finished, the thread guiding state is entered, the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) are linked, the first Z-axis carriage (2), the rotating head (41), the electrode chuck (51) and the electrode tube thread (52) are driven to move by one length unit, the second Z-axis carriage (3), the positioning and locking module (6) and the thread guiding and supporting device (53) are driven to move by one half length unit, and the thread guiding and supporting device (53) is always positioned at the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the guide (43);

in the wire holding state or the wire guiding state, the electrode re-exchange state is entered: the rotating head (41) and the positioning and locking module (6) enter an electrode exchange position, the guide wire supporting device (53) is arranged at the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) in a back mode, and the positioning and locking module (6) releases the guide wire supporting device (53); the mechanical arm of the electrode base takes out the electrode exchange assembly (5) in the rotating head (41) and puts the electrode exchange assembly into the electrode base to be specified.

2. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 1, wherein: the novel spindle comprises a spindle substrate (1), and is characterized in that a first guide rail (11) and a second guide rail (12) are fixedly arranged on the spindle substrate (1), a first Z-axis carriage (2) is slidably or rollingly arranged on the first guide rail (11), a first driving module (7) drives the first Z-axis carriage (2) to conduct numerical control linear motion along a first Z axis on the first guide rail (11), a second Z-axis carriage (3) is slidably or rollingly arranged on the second guide rail (12), and a second driving module (8) drives the second Z-axis carriage (3) to conduct numerical control linear motion along a second Z axis on the second guide rail (12).

3. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 2, wherein:

the first driving module (7) comprises a first rotary servo motor (71), a first screw nut pair (72) and a first screw rod seat (73), wherein the first rotary servo motor (71) and the first screw rod seat (73) are fixedly arranged on the main shaft substrate (1), the upper end of a screw rod of the first screw nut pair (72) is rotationally connected with the first screw rod seat (73), a rotating shaft of the first rotary servo motor (71) is coaxially connected with an extending end of the upper end of the screw rod of the first screw nut pair (72), a nut of the first screw nut pair (72) is matched and connected with the first Z-axis carriage (2), and the rotating shaft of the first rotary servo motor (71) drives the screw rod of the first screw nut pair (72) to rotate, so that the first Z-axis carriage (2) is driven to perform numerical control linear motion on the first guide rail (11) along a first Z axis;

the second driving module (8) comprises a second rotary servo motor (81), a second screw nut pair (82) and a second screw base (83), the second rotary servo motor (81) and the second screw base (83) are fixedly arranged on the main shaft substrate (1), the screw upper end of the second screw nut pair (82) is rotationally connected with the second screw base (83), the rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor (81) is coaxially connected with the extending end of the screw upper end of the second screw nut pair (82), the nut of the second screw nut pair (82) is connected with the second Z-axis carriage (3) in a matched mode, and the rotating shaft of the second rotary servo motor (81) drives the screw of the second screw nut pair (82) to rotate, so that the second Z-axis carriage (3) is driven to conduct numerical control linear motion on the second guide rail (12) along a second Z axis.

4. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 2, wherein: the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) can also be directly connected with the first Z-axis carriage (2) and the second Z-axis carriage (3) by two linear servo motors, and directly drive the first Z-axis carriage (2) and the second Z-axis carriage (3) to do numerical control linear motion on the first guide rail (11) and the second guide rail (12) along the first Z-axis and the second Z-axis respectively.

5. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 2, wherein: the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) can also consist of a rotary servo motor and a gear rack transmission pair or a rotary servo motor and a belt pulley belt transmission pair.

6. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 2, wherein: the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) can also be formed by the combination of the following driving modes:

the rotary servo motor is matched with the screw rod nut pair;

a linear servo motor is driven;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the gear rack transmission pair;

the rotary servo motor is matched with the belt pulley belt transmission pair.

7. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 1, wherein: and a magnetic positioning ring (511) is arranged between the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the wire guide wire supporting device (53), a magnetic attraction part (531) is arranged on one of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the wire guide wire supporting device (53) corresponding to the magnetic positioning ring (511), and the magnetic attraction part (531) and the magnetic positioning ring (511) are mutually matched and magnetically attracted to be connected so that the electrode chuck (51) is in positioning connection or separation with the wire guide wire supporting device (53).

8. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 7, wherein: the lower end part of the electrode chuck (51) is fixedly provided with the magnetic positioning ring (511), the upper end part of the wire guide wire supporting device (53) is provided with a positioning hole matched with the outer edge of the magnetic positioning ring (511), the wire guide wire supporting device (53) or the positioning hole arranged at the upper end part of the wire guide wire supporting device is made of magnetic conductive metal materials, and the upper end of the wire guide wire supporting device (53) forms a magnetic attraction part (531).

9. The automatic exchange and wire guide system of claim 8, wherein the positioning hole is one of the following:

A round hole;

positioning holes formed by planes or cambered surfaces and planes.

10. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 1, wherein: an elastic buckle (512) is arranged between the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the guide wire supporting device (53), and a clamping groove (532) is arranged on one of the electrode chuck and the upper end of the guide wire supporting device and corresponds to the elastic buckle (512).

11. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning block (61) is provided with a positioning groove (611), the shape of the outer edge of the guide wire support (53) is matched with the shape of the positioning groove (611), and the guide wire support (53) is locked by the locking block (62) driven by the locking driving assembly (63) after being placed in the positioning groove (611).

12. The automatic exchange and wire-guiding system for an electro-machining numerical control electrode according to claim 11, wherein: the positioning groove (611) is an opening groove shape formed by a plane and a plane, an arc surface and an arc surface or a plane and an arc surface.

13. The automatic electrode exchange and wire guide system according to claim 1, wherein the locking driving assembly (63) is fixedly installed on the positioning block (61), the locking driving assembly (63) drives the locking block (62) to linearly move or swing in a horizontal direction, and the locking block (62) is in abutting fit with the outer edge of the wire guide (53) in a locked state.

14. The automatic electrode exchange and wire guide system of claim 1, wherein the locking drive assembly (63) is one of: cylinder assembly, link assembly, electromagnetic assembly, cam assembly, hydraulic pressure subassembly.

15. A control method for automatic exchange and wire-guiding of an electro-machining numerical control electrode, characterized in that the control method uses the electro-machining numerical control electrode automatic exchange and wire-guiding system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the control method comprises the following steps:

s100, a numerical control system controls a first driving module (7) to drive a rotating head (41) to ascend to an electrode exchange position;

s200, the numerical control system controls the second driving module (8) to drive the positioning locking module (6) to ascend to the electrode exchange position and to be close to the lower end of the inner hole of the rotating main shaft of the rotating head (41), and at the moment, the positioning locking module (6) is opened;

s300, an electrode exchange assembly (5) in the electrode library is grabbed by a mechanical arm of the electrode library, after the electrode chuck (51) is positioned and clamped in an inner hole of a rotating main shaft of a rotating head (41), the mechanical arm is retracted, and at the moment, a guide wire stabilizer (53) enters a positioning groove (611) of a positioning block (61);

s400, controlling a locking driving assembly (63) by a numerical control system, driving a locking block (62) by the locking driving assembly (63), and positioning and clamping a guide wire stabilizer (53) in a positioning block (61);

S500, the numerical control system controls the second driving module (8) to drive the positioning locking module (6) to move downwards, the wire guide wire supporting device (53) is separated from the electrode chuck (51) at first, and then the second driving module (8) drives the positioning locking module (6) and the wire guide wire supporting device (53) to move downwards continuously, so that the lower end of the wire guide wire supporting device (53) is close to the upper end of the guide device (43);

s600, the numerical control system controls the first driving module (7) to drive the rotary head (41) and the electrode tube wire (52) to descend, and the electrode tube wire (52) enters a guide hole of the guide device (43) under the guidance of the wire guide device (53);

s700, a numerical control system controls the wire guide wire supporting device (53) to ascend to the middle position between the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the guide device (43), and at the moment, the wire guide wire supporting device (53) enters a wire supporting state;

s800, electric spark small hole machining is carried out, the first driving module (7) and the second driving module (8) are linked, the first Z-axis carriage (2), the rotating head (41), the electrode chuck (51) and the electrode tube wire (52) are driven to move by one length unit, the second Z-axis carriage (3), the positioning and locking module (6) and the wire guide wire supporting device (53) are driven to move by one half length unit, and the wire guide wire supporting device (53) is always positioned at the middle position of the lower end of the electrode chuck (51) and the upper end of the guide device so as to realize electric spark small hole machining wire guide wire supporting.

16. The method for controlling automatic exchange and wire-holding of an electro-machined numerical control electrode according to claim 15, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of re-exchanging the electrode exchange assembly (5), the re-exchanging of the electrode exchange assembly (5) being as follows:

s900, a numerical control system controls a first driving module (7) to drive a rotating head (41) to ascend to an electrode exchange position, a numerical control system controls a second driving module (8) to drive a positioning locking module (6) to ascend to the electrode exchange position, the upper end of a wire guide wire supporting device (53) is magnetically attracted and positioned and connected with the lower end of an electrode chuck (51), and the wire guide wire supporting device (53) is returned to the lower end of the electrode chuck (51);

s1000, controlling a locking driving assembly (63) by a numerical control system, driving a locking block (62) to retract by the locking driving assembly (63), and releasing a guide wire stabilizer (53);

s1100, taking out the electrode exchange assembly (5) in the rotating head (41) by a mechanical arm of the electrode library, and placing the electrode exchange assembly (5) into an electrode library to be positioned;

s1200, repeating the steps S300 to S800, so that the electrode exchange assembly (5) for re-exchanging realizes wire holding for electric spark small hole machining.

17. A numerical control small hole electric processing machine tool is characterized in that: the numerical control small hole electric machining machine tool comprises the automatic electrode exchange and guide wire holding system for electric machining according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and an automatic electrode exchange mechanism, an electrode library and a numerical control system which are matched with the system for use.