CN116771319B - Horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device and experimental method - Google Patents
Horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device and an experimental method, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, wherein the horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device comprises a shaft module, a crack module, a pressurizing module and a pipeline module, the shaft module is arranged in a transversely extending mode, the shaft module is provided with a perforation, the crack module comprises one or more cracks extending in the longitudinal direction, the one or more cracks are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction and are arranged on the perforation, the one or more cracks are provided with an upper port and a lower port in the longitudinal direction, the pressurizing module comprises a first pressure plate, a second pressure plate, an elastic structure and a hydraulic module, and the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are arranged at two sides of the one or more cracks in the transverse direction at intervals; the elastic structure comprises a plurality of elastic pieces arranged between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a device and an experimental method for simulating migration and backflow of a horizontal well multi-fracture propping agent.
Background
In oil and gas field development, horizontal well staged multi-cluster fracturing development has gradually replaced vertical well fracturing development to become mainstream, and in particular, in unconventional oil and gas development, most of horizontal well staged multi-cluster fracturing is used. In hydraulic fracturing, proppant migration is an important factor in determining the final fracture propping conditions and fracturing effectiveness.
The migration of propping agents in a vertical well and a horizontal well is greatly different, most of the devices for researching the migration of propping agents at present simulate single-wing cracks of the vertical well, and the influence of a horizontal section well bore cannot be considered; the experimental equipment considering the multi-crack of the horizontal well does not consider the problems of the length of the horizontal well, the dynamic expansion of the crack, the proppant flowback process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a simulation device and an experimental method for migration and backflow of a multi-fracture propping agent of a horizontal well, and aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation apparatus, comprising:
a length-adjustable wellbore module extending in a lateral direction, the wellbore module having perforations;
a fracture module comprising one or more longitudinally extending fractures arranged in a laterally spaced relationship and mounted on the perforations, the one or more fractures having longitudinally upper and lower ports; the method comprises the steps of,
a pressurization module, comprising:
the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are arranged at two sides of the one or more cracks at intervals along the transverse direction;
the elastic structure comprises a plurality of elastic pieces arranged between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, and the plurality of elastic pieces are respectively arranged between two adjacent pressure plates in the first pressure plate, one or more cracks and the second pressure plate; the method comprises the steps of,
the hydraulic module is arranged outside the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate and is used for applying force in opposite directions to the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate; the method comprises the steps of,
pipeline module, including last back row pipeline and lower back row pipeline, go up back row pipeline and pass through the outflow pipeline and connect respectively the last port of one or more cracks, lower back row pipeline passes through the outflow pipeline and connects respectively the lower port of one or more cracks.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, the well bore module comprises a first single horizontal well bore and a second single horizontal well bore, the first single horizontal well bore and the second single horizontal well bore are connected together through a well bore coupling, and the second single horizontal well bore is provided with the perforation;
the fracture module is installed in the second single horizontal wellbore.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and flowback simulation apparatus, the wellbore module includes a combination of a plurality of first single horizontal wellbores and a plurality of second single horizontal wellbores, and the intervals between simulated fractures are adjusted by different combinations.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, two ends of the second single horizontal well are respectively provided with external threads, and the external threads are in threaded connection with the well collar through the threads.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-crack proppant migration and backflow simulation device, each crack is formed by a first high-strength organic glass plate, a second high-strength organic glass plate and a rubber sealing strip, the first high-strength organic glass plate and the second high-strength organic glass plate are distributed at intervals along the transverse direction and are mounted on the shaft module in a sealing manner through a sealing ring, and the first high-strength organic glass plate and the second high-strength organic glass plate form a cavity in a sealing manner through the rubber sealing strip, and the cavity is communicated with the perforation.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, the width of the cavity along the transverse direction is 1-15mm.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, the elastic structure is a spring;
the crack module comprises four cracks, namely a first simulated crack, a second simulated crack, a third simulated crack and a fourth simulated crack; springs are arranged between two adjacent cracks in the first simulation crack, the second simulation crack, the third simulation crack and the fourth simulation crack, and springs are also arranged between the first simulation crack and the first pressure plate and between the fourth simulation crack and the second pressure plate respectively.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, the openings on two sides of each fracture are respectively provided with an outflow pipeline, each outflow pipeline is respectively provided with a flowmeter, each outflow pipeline is provided with a first control valve, the outflow pipeline extends into the collection tank, and liquid flowing out of the outflow pipeline can flow into the collection tank for collection.
Preferably, in the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device, the upper return exhaust pipelines are respectively connected with the upper ports of the one or more fractures in series through outflow pipelines, the lower return exhaust pipelines are respectively connected with the lower ports of the one or more fractures in series through outflow pipelines, and the upper return exhaust pipelines and the lower return exhaust pipelines are respectively provided with second control valves.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides a simulation experiment method for the migration and the backflow of the multi-fracture propping agent of the horizontal well, which comprises the following steps:
step S210, setting the horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device according to the horizontal well parameters of the actual stratum;
step S220, opening a hydraulic module to apply closing pressure to the cracks, controlling to open all the first control valves, closing the second control valves, injecting sand-carrying fluid from one end of the shaft module, and observing the flowing state of propping agent in the sand-carrying fluid in the shaft and the cracks and the laying form of the propping agent;
step S230, closing the first control valve, opening the second control valve, injecting a proppant-free fluid from the upper flowback line and the lower flowback line, flowing through the fracture into the horizontal wellbore, observing the effect of the process fluid on the proppant placement pattern within the fracture
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a horizontal well multi-crack propping agent migration and backflow simulation device, which comprises a shaft module, a crack module, a pressurizing module and a pipeline module, wherein the length of the shaft module is adjustable, the shaft module is arranged in a transverse extending mode, the shaft module is provided with perforations, the crack module comprises one or more cracks extending in the longitudinal direction, the one or more cracks are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction and are arranged on the perforations, the one or more cracks are provided with an upper port and a lower port in the longitudinal direction, the pressurizing module comprises a first pressure plate, a second pressure plate, an elastic structure and a hydraulic module, and the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are arranged at two sides of the one or more cracks in the transverse direction at intervals; the elastic structure comprises a plurality of elastic pieces arranged between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, and the plurality of elastic pieces are respectively arranged between two adjacent pressure plates in the first pressure plate, one or more cracks and the second pressure plate; the hydraulic module is arranged on the outer sides of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate and is used for applying force in opposite directions to the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, the pipeline module comprises an upper flowback pipeline and a lower flowback pipeline, the upper flowback pipeline is respectively connected with upper ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines, and the lower flowback pipeline is respectively connected with lower ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines, so that the problem that most of the existing equipment for researching the migration of proppants simulates single-wing cracks of a vertical well and cannot consider the influence of a horizontal section shaft is solved; the experimental equipment considering the multi-crack of the horizontal well does not consider the problems of the length of the horizontal well, the dynamic expansion of the crack, the proppant flowback process and the like.
Furthermore, the length of the horizontal well section can be changed by changing the length of the first single horizontal well shaft or connecting a plurality of first single horizontal well shafts in series, a well shaft module can be horizontally placed or has a certain inclination angle, the intervals among different cracks can be changed by changing the length or perforation positions of the second single horizontal well shaft, the cracks with different numbers and different lengths can be assembled, the closing pressure of the cracks is considered through the crack pressure plates and elastic pieces between the pressure plates and the plurality of cracks, and the flowback process of simulating fracturing fluid by reversely injecting liquid without propping agent after propping agent injection is completed through a flowback pipeline is further solved, so that the problem that most of the existing equipment for researching propping agent migration simulates single-wing cracks of a straight well and the influence of the horizontal well shaft cannot be considered; the experimental equipment considering the multi-crack of the horizontal well does not consider the problems of the length of the horizontal well, the dynamic expansion of the crack, the proppant flowback process and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and return simulation device provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a portion of the structure of fig. 1.
1-first single horizontal shaft, 2-shaft collar, 3-second single horizontal shaft, 4-fourth simulated fracture, 5-third simulated fracture, 6-second simulated fracture, 7-first simulated fracture, 8-first pressure plate, 9-second pressure plate, 10-hydraulic module, 11-spring, 12-flowmeter, 13-first control valve, 14-collection tank, 15-upper flowback line, 16-lower flowback line, 17-second control valve, 2-1-first high-strength organic glass plate, 2-2-second high-strength organic glass plate, 2-3-rubber sealing strip, 2-4-sealing ring, 2-5-eyelet, 2-6-external thread.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the term "and/or" describes the association relation of the association objects, which means that three relations can exist, for example, a and/or B can be expressed as follows: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The term "plurality" in embodiments of the present invention means two or more, and other adjectives are similar.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that in various embodiments of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the claimed technical solution of the present invention can be realized without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the present invention, and the embodiments can be mutually combined and referred to without contradiction.
The problems of the conventional horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration experimental equipment mainly include the following aspects:
1. the migration condition of the propping agent in the shaft is changed, and in the vertical well fracturing, the propping agent vertically flows downwards along with the fracturing fluid after being injected from the ground, so that the propping agent can smoothly flow to the bottom of the shaft and enter into a crack; in the horizontal well, after the propping agent is vertically injected downwards to the bottom of the vertical section of the horizontal well, a certain distance is needed to be moved in the horizontal section to enter the crack, the length of the horizontal section is generally several kilometers, and for the fracturing construction of the long horizontal section well, the problem of the migration of the propping agent in the well shaft is prominent, so that the rule of sedimentation and transportation of the propping agent in the horizontal section needs to be clear. In addition, when the horizontal well is fractured in a staged manner, firstly, the far end of the horizontal section is fractured, and along with the progress of construction, the distance of the propping agent moving in the horizontal section in the subsequent fracturing is smaller and smaller, so that experimental equipment which takes the long horizontal section into consideration and can change the length of the horizontal section is needed.
2. The vertical well fracturing fracture is in the form of a double-wing fracture which is symmetrical at two sides of the fracture, and the experiment can be carried out by using propping agent migration equipment with a single main fracture. In the staged multi-cluster fracturing process of the horizontal well, multiple cracks are formed at the same time in each stage of fracturing, propping agents enter the cracks at the same time, and the lengths and the flow rates of different cracks are also different due to the influence of stress, so that the conventional propping agent migration equipment for single main cracks cannot accurately study the propping agent migration rules in the multiple cracks of the horizontal well.
At present, most of propping agent migration experimental equipment simulates straight-well single-wing cracks, the device for simulating staged fracturing of a horizontal well is less in number, the length and the inclination angle of a horizontal well section cannot be considered, the number and the length of the cracks are changed, and the closing pressure of the cracks, the dynamic change of the crack width and the flowback process cannot be considered.
Aiming at the problems of the conventional horizontal well multi-crack proppant migration experimental equipment, the invention provides the horizontal well multi-crack proppant migration simulation device which can change the length and the inclination angle of a horizontal well section, change the number and the length of cracks, consider the dynamic change of the closing pressure of the cracks and the width of the cracks, consider the proppant migration in the flowback process, and can study the proppant migration in a horizontal shaft and the cracks and the flowback and backflow process when the multi-cracks are unevenly expanded.
Specifically, the invention provides a horizontal well multi-fracture propping agent migration and backflow simulation device, which comprises a well shaft module, a fracture module, a pressurizing module and a pipeline module, wherein the well shaft module is provided with perforations, the fracture module comprises one or more fractures extending along the longitudinal direction, the one or more fractures are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction and are arranged on the perforations, the one or more fractures are provided with an upper port and a lower port along the longitudinal direction, the pressurizing module comprises a first pressure plate 8, a second pressure plate 9, an elastic structure and a hydraulic module 10, and the first pressure plate 8 and the second pressure plate 9 are arranged at two sides of the one or more fractures along the transverse direction at intervals; the elastic structure comprises a plurality of elastic pieces arranged between the first pressure plate 8 and the second pressure plate 9, and the plurality of elastic pieces are respectively arranged between the first pressure plate 8, one or more cracks and two adjacent second pressure plates 9; the hydraulic module 10 is arranged on the outer sides of the first pressure plate 8 and the second pressure plate 9, and is used for applying forces in opposite directions to the first pressure plate 8 and the second pressure plate 9, and the pipeline module comprises an upper return pipeline 15 and a lower return pipeline 16, wherein the upper return pipeline 15 is respectively connected with the upper ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines, and the lower return pipeline 16 is respectively connected with the lower ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines.
The well bore module may be an integral unit or may be a segmented unit, for example, the well bore module includes a first single horizontal well bore 1 and a second single horizontal well bore 3, the first single horizontal well bore 1 and the second single horizontal well bore 3 are connected together through a well bore collar 2, and the second single horizontal well bore 3 has the perforation, so the well bore module may include a plurality of first unidirectional horizontal well bores and a plurality of second unidirectional horizontal well bores, and the interval between simulated cracks may be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of second single horizontal well bores 3 and replacing the second unidirectional horizontal well bores with different lengths. For example, if the interval between the simulated fractures needs to be increased, the original second single horizontal well bore 3 may be replaced with a second single horizontal well bore 3 having a larger interval along the lateral perforation. In particular, the fracture module is installed in the second single horizontal wellbore 3 so that the fracture module may communicate with perforations. The length of the wellbore module may be adjusted to adjust the spacing between simulated fractures by adjusting the first single horizontal wellbore 1 and the second single horizontal wellbore 3 connected, for example, by adjusting the number of first single horizontal wellbores 1 and second single horizontal wellbores 3, or the length of the second single horizontal wellbore 3.
In addition, the wellbore module may be horizontally placed or have a certain inclination angle at the time of installation, and is not particularly limited herein.
The crack module includes one or more cracks, wherein the size and arrangement of the one or more cracks may be the same or different, and is not particularly limited herein. For convenience of explanation, the description will be given by taking an example in which the slit module includes four slits, but it is not meant that the slit module is limited to only four slits. Specifically, the crack module includes a first simulated crack 7, a second simulated crack 6, a third simulated crack 5, and a fourth simulated crack 4 sequentially arranged along the transverse direction, wherein the second simulated crack 6, the third simulated crack 5, and the fourth simulated crack 4 may be selected to have different lengths, for example, the length of the first simulated crack 7 > the length of the second simulated crack 6, and the length of the third simulated crack 5 < the length of the fourth simulated crack 4. In particular installation, one or more slits are installed at the perforations, respectively. More specifically, each crack is formed by a first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1, a second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 and a rubber sealing strip 2-3, wherein the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 are arranged at intervals in the transverse direction and are hermetically installed on the shaft module through a sealing ring 2-4, and a cavity is formed by the sealing of the rubber sealing strip 2-3 and is communicated with the perforation. The width of the cavity along the transverse direction is 1-15mm.
More specifically, the centers of the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole in a penetrating way, the second single horizontal shaft 3 sequentially penetrates through the second through hole and the first through hole, at this time, the perforated holes 2-5 are positioned between the first through hole and the second through hole, the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 are horizontally arranged in parallel and aligned, and the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 are sealed through the rubber sealing strips 2-3 to form cavities formed by surrounding the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1, the rubber sealing strips 2-3 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2, and the cavities are communicated with the perforated holes 2-5; finally, the sealing rings 2-4 are arranged in the gap between the first through hole and the second single horizontal shaft 3 and the gap between the second through hole and the second single horizontal shaft 3. The second single horizontal bore 3 may then be connected to other bores by a bore collar 2. Wherein, the two ends of the second single horizontal shaft 3 are respectively provided with external threads 2-6, and are in threaded connection with the shaft coupling 2 through threads.
The elastic member is a spring 11, and the slit module will be described below by taking four slits as an example for convenience of description, but it does not mean that the slit module is limited to four slits. Springs 11 are arranged between two adjacent cracks in the first simulation crack 7, the second simulation crack 6, the third simulation crack 5 and the fourth simulation crack 4, and springs 11 are also arranged between the first simulation crack 7 and the first pressure plate 8 and between the fourth simulation crack 4 and the second pressure plate 9 respectively. The first pressure plate 8 and the second pressure plate 9 are pressurized in opposite directions by means of a hydraulic system.
The two side openings of each crack are respectively provided with an outflow pipeline, each outflow pipeline is respectively provided with a flowmeter 12, each outflow pipeline is provided with a first control valve 13, the outflow pipeline extends into the collecting tank 14, and liquid flowing out of the outflow pipeline can flow into the collecting tank 14 for collection. The upper return line 15 is connected in series with the upper ports of the one or more slits through outflow lines, respectively, and the lower return line 16 is connected in series with the lower ports of the one or more slits through outflow lines, respectively, wherein the upper return line 15 and the lower return line 16 are provided with second control valves 17, respectively.
The invention also provides a simulation experiment method for the migration and the backflow of the multi-fracture propping agent of the horizontal well, which is carried out by using the simulation device for the migration and the backflow of the multi-fracture propping agent of the horizontal well.
Specifically, the simulation experiment method for the migration and backflow of the horizontal well multi-fracture propping agent comprises the following steps:
step S210, setting the multi-fracture propping agent migration and backflow simulation device of the horizontal well according to the horizontal well parameters of the actual stratum.
For example, the target horizontal well parameters obtained include: horizontal segment length l=1600 m, wellbore diameter d=200 mm, number of single segment fractures m=4, where two-sided fracture length l1=300 m, middle two-sided fracture length l2=100 m, fracture width w=3 mm, fracture height h=20 m. Distance between each crack l3=25 m, crack closing pressure 10MPa.
More specifically, according to a similar principle, reducing the parameters of the target horizontal well by preset times by taking a similar coefficient to obtain the size of an experimental crack; and arranging the horizontal well multi-fracture propping agent migration and backflow simulation device according to the size of the experimental fracture.
For example: according to the similar principle, the diameter of the shaft is reduced by 4 times by taking a similarity coefficient of 4, the length of the horizontal section, the distance between the cracks, the length of the cracks and the height of the cracks are reduced by 16 times, and the width of the cracks is unchanged. The dimensions of the experimental cracks were obtained: the length L ' =100 m of the experimental horizontal segment, the diameter D ' =50 mm of the experimental well bore, the length L1' =18.75 m of the two side cracks in the experiment, the length L2' =6.25 m of the two middle cracks in the experiment, the width w ' =3 mm of the experiment, the height H ' =1.25 m of the experiment, and the distance L3' =1.56 m between the cracks in the experiment.
4 perforated second single horizontal bores 3 having a length of L3' =1.56 m, 10 first single horizontal bores 1 having a length of L ' =100 m, and a bore diameter D ' =50 mm were prepared, 10 first single horizontal bores 1 were connected, and 4 perforated second single horizontal bores 3 were connected, respectively, using a bore collar 2, and then the connected first single horizontal bores 1 and perforated second single horizontal bores 3 were connected, and the end portions on the side of the first single horizontal bores 1 were opened, and the end portions of the perforated second single horizontal bores 3 were sealed. And preparing 4 high-strength organic glass plates with the length, width and height of the central opening being 18.75m, 5cm and 1.25m respectively, wherein the length, width and height of the central opening of the 4 high-strength organic glass plates are 6.25m, 5cm and 1.25m respectively. The method comprises the following steps of sequentially installing long cracks, short cracks and long cracks on the connected single horizontal shaft with the perforations: the method comprises the steps that a first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and a second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2 are provided with central holes, a second single horizontal shaft 3 with perforations passes through the central holes, holes 2-5 are formed in the side wall of the second single horizontal shaft 3 with the perforations, after the holes 2-5 are aligned with cavities formed by parallel arrangement of the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2, sealing rings 2-4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the second single horizontal shaft 3 with the perforations to seal gaps between the second single horizontal shaft 3 with the perforations and the central holes of the first high-strength organic glass plate 2-1 and the central holes of the second high-strength organic glass plate 2-2.
The second pressure plate 9 and the right side of the fourth simulation slit 4, the left side of the fourth simulation slit 4 and the right side of the third simulation slit 5, the left side of the third simulation slit 5 and the right side of the second simulation slit 6, the left side of the second simulation slit 6 and the right side of the first simulation slit 7, the left side of the first simulation slit 7 and the first pressure plate 8 are connected in this order using springs 11. The hydraulic modules 10 are respectively arranged on the left side of the first pressure plate 8 and the right side of the second pressure plate 9 to apply pressure to the cracks.
The two side openings of the four simulated cracks are respectively provided with an outflow pipeline, each outflow pipeline is respectively provided with a flowmeter 12, the tail end of each outflow pipeline is provided with a first control valve 13, and the liquid of the outflow pipeline flows out into a collecting tank 14 for collection.
The upper return line 15 is connected in series with the outflow lines of one side of all the simulated cracks, respectively, the upper return line 15 being between the flowmeter 12 and the first control valve 13; the lower flowback line 16 is connected in series with the outflow line on the other side of all simulated cracks, respectively, the lower flowback line 16 being between the flow meter 12 and the first control valve 13. The leftmost side of the upper 15 and lower 16 return lines is fitted with a second control valve 17.
Step 220: proppant injection experiments. The hydraulic module 10 is opened to apply closing pressure to the cracks, all the first control valves 13 are controlled to be opened, the second control valve 17 is closed, sand-carrying fluid is injected from one end of the shaft module, and the flowing state of proppants in the sand-carrying fluid in the shaft and the cracks and the laying form of the proppants are observed.
In particular, the hydraulic module 10 is opened to apply a closing pressure of 10MPa to the crack, all the first control valves 13 are opened, and the second control valve 17 is closed. And injecting sand-carrying fluid from the end part of the single horizontal shaft side of the shaft. Sand-carrying fluid enters the wellbore, then flows through the perforations and enters the cracks, the cracks gradually overcome the closing pressure and open along with the gradual increase of the pressure in the cracks, and finally the fracturing fluid flows out of the crack outlet to the collecting tank 14. And observing the flowing state of the propping agent in the sand-carrying fluid in the well bore and the cracks and the laying form of the propping agent.
Step 230: and (5) performing a flowback experiment. The first control valve 13 was closed and the second control valve 17 was opened and proppant free fluid was injected from the upper 15 and lower 16 flowback lines and flowed through the fracture into the horizontal well bore and the effect of this process fluid on the proppant placement pattern within the fracture was observed.
It will be apparent that the embodiments described above are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make other different changes or modifications without making any creative effort, which shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and return simulation device, comprising:
a length-adjustable wellbore module extending in a lateral direction, the wellbore module having perforations;
a fracture module comprising one or more longitudinally extending fractures arranged in a laterally spaced relationship and mounted on the perforations, the one or more fractures having longitudinally upper and lower ports; the method comprises the steps of,
a pressurization module, comprising:
the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are arranged at two sides of the one or more cracks at intervals along the transverse direction;
the elastic structure comprises a plurality of elastic pieces arranged between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, and the plurality of elastic pieces are respectively arranged between two adjacent pressure plates in the first pressure plate, one or more cracks and the second pressure plate; the method comprises the steps of,
the hydraulic module is arranged outside the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate and is used for applying force in opposite directions to the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate; the method comprises the steps of,
the pipeline module comprises an upper return pipeline and a lower return pipeline, the upper return pipeline is respectively connected with upper ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines, and the lower return pipeline is respectively connected with lower ports of the one or more cracks through outflow pipelines; the well bore module comprises a first single horizontal well bore and a second single horizontal well bore, the first single horizontal well bore and the second single horizontal well bore are connected together through a well bore coupling, and the second single horizontal well bore is provided with the perforation;
the crack module is arranged in the second single horizontal shaft; the wellbore module comprises a combination of a plurality of first single horizontal wellbores and a plurality of second single horizontal wellbores, and the spacing between simulated fractures is adjusted through different combinations; external threads are respectively arranged at two ends of the second single horizontal shaft, and are in threaded connection with the shaft coupling through threads; each crack is formed by a first high-strength organic glass plate, a second high-strength organic glass plate and a rubber sealing strip, wherein the first high-strength organic glass plate and the second high-strength organic glass plate are distributed at intervals in the transverse direction and are mounted on the shaft module in a sealing manner through sealing rings, the first high-strength organic glass plate and the second high-strength organic glass plate form a cavity in a sealing manner through the rubber sealing strip, and the cavity is communicated with the perforation.
2. The horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and flowback simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the width of the cavity in the lateral direction is 1-15mm.
3. The horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and return simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said elastic structure is a spring;
the crack module comprises four cracks, namely a first simulated crack, a second simulated crack, a third simulated crack and a fourth simulated crack; springs are arranged between two adjacent cracks in the first simulation crack, the second simulation crack, the third simulation crack and the fourth simulation crack, and springs are also arranged between the first simulation crack and the first pressure plate and between the fourth simulation crack and the second pressure plate respectively.
4. The horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device according to claim 1, wherein outflow pipelines are respectively arranged at openings at two sides of each fracture, flow meters are respectively arranged on each outflow pipeline, first control valves are arranged on each outflow pipeline, the outflow pipelines extend into the collection tank, and liquid flowing out of the outflow pipelines can flow into the collection tank for collection.
5. The horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and flowback simulation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the upper flowback pipelines are respectively connected in series with the upper ports of the one or more fractures through the flowout pipelines, the lower flowback pipelines are respectively connected in series with the lower ports of the one or more fractures through the flowout pipelines, wherein the upper flowback pipelines and the lower flowback pipelines are respectively provided with second control valves.
6. A simulation experiment method for migration and backflow of a horizontal well multi-fracture propping agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S210, setting the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device according to the horizontal well parameters of the actual stratum, wherein the horizontal well multi-fracture proppant migration and backflow simulation device is as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5;
step S220, opening a hydraulic module to apply closing pressure to the cracks, controlling to open all the first control valves, closing the second control valves, injecting sand-carrying fluid from one end of the shaft module, and observing the flowing state of propping agent in the sand-carrying fluid in the shaft and the cracks and the laying form of the propping agent;
in step S230, the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is opened, and proppant-free fluid is injected from the upper flowback line and the lower flowback line, and flows through the fracture into the horizontal wellbore, and the effect of the process fluid on the in-fracture proppant placement configuration is observed.
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