CN116770173A - Low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel and production method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost high-strength thermoformed wheel and a production method thereof, wherein the wheel steel belt comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The production method comprises the steps of converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, centralized slow cooling, spoke rim processing, spoke rim laser welding, heating furnace austenitizing, quenching and tempering. The final product structure of the produced high-strength thermoformed wheel is tempered martensite and ferrite structure, the tempered martensite content is 75-80%, the ferrite content is 20-25%, the grain size is 12-13, the fatigue test of the finished product reaches more than 120 ten thousand times without cracking, and the fatigue test meets the standard requirement for not less than 100 ten thousand times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel and a production method thereof.
Background
The wheels are used as running parts of the automobile, and the weight reduction effect is 1.5 times of that of a non-rotating part. Each big host computer factory and wheel manufacturing enterprise actively research and develop lightweight wheel, and wheel weight lightens gradually, and material strength also ladder type promotes, along with the promotion of intensity, has put forward higher requirement to the processing former of wheel producer, and the current equipment of most producer can not satisfy the processing condition. At present, the steel lightweight product of the commercial vehicle is still in a road test verification stage, a few wheel enterprises develop new generation lightweight wheels by using a thermoforming process, the material strength can reach 1200-1500Mpa, the weight of the wheels can reach 26-28kg, the weight of the wheels is basically equivalent to that of aluminum wheels, and the price of the wheels is half of that of the aluminum wheels. The thermoformed commercial wheels are so lightweight that they have reached a leading domestic level, but there are also a number of problems: the addition of rare alloys such as Cu, cr, ni and the like leads to the increase of the cost of the steel coil; the fatigue test of the manufactured high-strength wheel can not meet the standard requirement; the welding flux at the welded junction is uneven and is easy to crack in the common flash butt welding; the impact value is generally low and hardly meets the requirements of jolt and slight impact of the wheels in the walking process, and cracking is easy to occur in the using process. The development of low-cost lightweight hot-formed wheel steel is greatly limited due to various influences.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-cost high-strength thermoformed wheel, which has the advantages of low cost and high strength and toughness.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wheel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In the design scheme of the low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel component, the phase change is mainly strengthened, solid solution strengthening of C, si and Mn and precipitation strengthening of Ti are adopted, and the mechanical property of steel is generally improved through fine crystal strengthening by adding proper Nb, so that high-cost Cu, cr and Ni elements are not added, and the alloy cost is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, in order to improve the effects of stamping, forming and welding the wheels, proper B element is added, the hardenability of the quenching process is increased, and the uniformity of the performance in the thickness direction is improved. In order to reduce the uneven grain phenomenon caused by large-size TiN, the N content is tightly controlled.
The production method of the low-cost high-strength thermal forming wheel comprises the steps of converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, concentrated slow cooling, spoke rim processing, spoke rim welding, heating furnace austenitizing, quenching and tempering; the continuous casting process comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In the production method of the low-cost high-strength thermoformed wheel, in the converter smelting process, the addition amount of Si and Mn alloy is large, in order to ensure the entering temperature of the refining process, the tapping temperature of the converter is 1630-1660 ℃, 24-28kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 12-16kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added after 1/4 of tapping, and 3.2-4kg of lime/ton steel is added when 1/2 of tapping.
According to the production method of the low-cost high-strength thermoformed wheel, the adding amount of the refined LF slagging desulfurization lime is 9.5-10 kg/ton of steel, meanwhile, the opening of an air valve is automatically adjusted by a computer primary operation system, the micro-positive pressure in a ladle furnace in the whole smelting process is guaranteed, the molten steel is prevented from increasing N and being oxidized to the greatest extent, the molten steel outlet S is finally guaranteed to be below 0.002%, N is guaranteed to be below 0.0035%, the ultimate vacuum degree is required to be less than or equal to 1mbar when the molten steel is treated by RH, the vacuum circulation time is more than or equal to 12min, the RH total treatment time is controlled to be 20-25min, and the rest time from the end of RH feeding to the start of casting is more than or equal to 25min.
According to the production method of the low-cost high-strength thermoformed wheel, the continuous casting process adopts low-superheat casting, the superheat degree is controlled at 10-20 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.0-1.1m/min, dynamic soft reduction is adopted at the corresponding 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core, the total reduction ratio is 3.6-3.8% of the original thickness of a casting blank, and the center segregation problem caused by high alloy element content is relieved.
The production method of the low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel comprises the rolling process, wherein the heating temperature of a plate blank is 1240+/-20 ℃, the thickness of an intermediate blank is 24-26% of the thickness of a casting blank, and the final rolling temperature is 900+/-20 ℃; the cooling procedure adopts a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the cooling speed is 20-30 ℃/s; and in the coiling procedure, the coiling temperature is 700+/-20 ℃, the thickness interval of the steel strip is 3-10mm, and the steel coil is placed into a stack for slow cooling for 48 hours after being coiled off.
The production method of the low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel comprises the following steps of: the welding speed is 0.4-0.5m/min, the laser power is 2000-3000W, the laser frequency is 40-60Hz, the welding depth is 2.5-3.0mm, the welding width is 0.2-0.3mm, and the welded wheel adopts a heat treatment process: heating to 840-860 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, cooling to 200-240 ℃ by water mist, and then heating to 300-360 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min; the final grain size reaches 12-13 grade.
The invention aims to provide a low-cost high-strength thermoforming wheel and a production method thereof. In the early stage of product production, different process heat treatment tests of similar steel grades are performed for maximally reducing alloy cost, and finally the high strength of the product is considered to be required to have medium C content to generate martensite transformation to improve strength, so that the conventional medium carbon container steel Q345R is adopted for performing different process heat treatment tests so as to be capable of producing high-strength wheel steel materials through alloy fine adjustment under the condition of a low alloy component system and the additional heat treatment process. Sampling heat treatment simulation tests are respectively carried out on thickness specifications of 4mm and 10mm required by rims and spokes in wheels by Q345R, the temperature is reduced to 200-240 ℃ by adopting four cooling methods of air cooling, water mist, water quenching and oil quenching after the Q345R is heated to 840-860 ℃ and heat preservation is carried out for 20min, and then the temperature is respectively kept for 20min at 300-360 ℃ in a heating furnace. Test results show that the strength of the water quenching mode is highest, the impact and extension values are low, the requirements of the fatigue test and the practical running stability of the wheel cannot be met, the tensile strength of the water mist cooling process can reach 700Mpa, and the impact power value is good. In summary, in the aspect of component setting, under the condition of a large component system of Q345R, the effects of solid solution strengthening and fine crystal strengthening are improved by adding Si, mn and Ti, the strength of steel is continuously improved, and meanwhile, a certain amount of B is added, so that the hardenability in the subsequent heat treatment process is improved.
In the aspect of steel smelting process setting, the alloy content is considered to be high, the tapping temperature of a converter is improved, the full dissolution of charging after the converter and the entering temperature of LF are ensured to be convenient for conventional refining, meanwhile, according to the control of the C content, the increasing amount of different Mn iron and other alloys to C is different, the type of alloy to be added is selected according to the C content, the internal control requirement that the component percentage of molten steel is controlled to be 95% in the LF process is met, the component can be directly regulated and vacuum circulation is carried out in the RH process according to the final component test result of LF, the molten steel treatment time of RH is greatly reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the smooth and stable production rhythm is ensured; the time from the discharge of RH to the start of casting of molten steel is ensured to be more than 25 minutes, and enough time can be provided for promoting the floating of inclusions and increasing the purity of molten steel. In the continuous casting process, the alloy content of the hot formed wheel steel is considered to be high, the liquidus temperature of molten steel is low, low superheat degree casting is adopted, the existing time of molten steel before solidification in a blank shell is reduced, dendrite growth is reduced, meanwhile, the reduction of a dynamic reduction section is increased, center segregation caused by high alloy steel is reduced, and the phenomena of brittle fracture and inner matter layering of the steel are reduced. And in the rolling process, the high content of Mn, si and Ti alloy is considered, the temperature of a heating furnace is properly increased to enable the alloy to be completely dissolved, and the thickness of the intermediate blank is reasonably formulated according to the test condition, so that austenite grains in the rough rolling process are reduced, and the elongation deformation is reduced in the finish rolling process. The high cooling rate and low coiling will produce hard phase structures such as martensite, bainite, etc. with higher strength, which are unfavorable for equipment forming and easily cause cracking before the wheel is processed. Therefore, the cooling process is formulated to adopt high finishing temperature, low cooling speed and high coiling, and meanwhile, the coil of strip is slowly cooled.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in:
1. according to the invention, through Q345R heat treatment test analysis, only Si, mn, ti, B and other elements are added on the basis of the analysis, so that the low-cost hot-formed wheel steel is produced; 2. the hot-formed wheel steel has the characteristics of low steel strength before wheel processing, convenience for high-quality forming, low requirement on forming equipment capacity, great improvement on comprehensive properties such as heat treatment, strength and the like after forming, and ingenious avoidance of problems and difficulties;
3. the hot forming wheel steel is of ferrite and pearlite structure, the wheel is made of tempered martensite and ferrite structure through a heat treatment process, wherein the tempered martensite content is 75-80%, the ferrite content is 20-25%, the wheel has good toughness and good weight reduction effect.
4. The fatigue test of the thermal forming wheel processed and produced by the process reaches more than 120 ten thousand times, and 100 ten thousand times of the standard requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure (500X) of the hot-formed steel of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic (500X) of the thermoformed wheel of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of the hot-formed steel of example 4 (500X);
FIG. 4 is a metallographic (500X) of the thermoformed wheel of example 4;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of the hot-formed steel of example 7 (500X);
FIG. 6 is a metallographic (500X) of the thermoformed wheel of example 7;
fig. 7 is a graph (50×) of the fracture texture of the thermoformed wheel rim of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
A low-cost high-strength thermal forming wheel and a production method thereof, comprising converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, centralized slow cooling, spoke rim processing, spoke rim laser welding, heating furnace austenitizing, quenching and tempering, wherein the corresponding working procedures apply the technological parameters of the invention, and the technological parameters are not embodied and are executed according to the conventional production parameters. The chemical components of the continuous casting blank and the mass percentage content are as follows: 0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. Example steelmaking adopts a 250 ton converter, a double refining 250 ton LF furnace and a double flow 230mm thickness slab caster.
Example 1
The 3mm thick low-cost high-strength hot forming steel is produced according to the design component process, and the finished product components and the technological parameters C:0.13%, si:0.80%, mn:1.50%, P:0.012%, S:0.001%, als:0.035%, nb:0.015%, ti:0.035%, N:0.0035%, B:0.0020%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1630 ℃, 24kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 12kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.2kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.81mbar, vacuum circulation of 12min, RH total treatment time of 20min, and rest time of 25min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 10 ℃, the pulling speed is 1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.6% of the original thickness of the casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1220 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 24% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 880 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 20 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 680 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.4m/min, the laser power is 2000W, the laser frequency is 40Hz, the welding depth is 2.5mm, and the welding width is 0.2mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 1.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 13 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The ferrite + pearlite structure before heat treatment of the 3mm thick heat-formed wheel steel is shown in fig. 1, the tempered martensite structure of the 3mm thick heat-formed wheel is shown in fig. 2, and specific heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the heat-formed steel before heat treatment and the heat-formed wheel after heat treatment, and fatigue test conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comprehensive Properties of 3mm thickness
Example 2
The 3mm thick low-cost high-strength hot forming steel is produced according to the design component process, and the finished product components and the technological parameters C:0.16%, si:0.70%, mn:1.60%, P:0.015%, S:0.002%, als:0.015%, nb:0.025%, ti:0.045%, N:0.0033%, B:0.0030%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1660 ℃, 25kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 13kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.6kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.75mbar, vacuum circulation of 15min, RH total treatment time of 25min and rest time of 27min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 20 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.8% of the original thickness of a casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1260 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 26% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 920 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 30 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 720 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the laser power is 3000W, the laser frequency is 60Hz, the welding depth is 3mm, and the welding width is 0.3mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 2.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 13 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comprehensive properties of 3mm thickness
Example 3
The 3mm thick low-cost high-strength hot forming steel is produced according to the design component process, and the finished product components and the technological parameters C:0.14%, si:0.90%, mn:1.56%, P:0.018%, S:0.003%, als:0.022%, nb:0.020%, ti:0.041%, N:0.0030%, B:0.0025%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1640 ℃, 28kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 16kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 4kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree is 0.55mbar, vacuum circulation is carried out for 13min, RH total treatment time is 21min, and rest time is 25min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 15 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.05m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.7% of the original thickness of the casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1240 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 25% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 890 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 22 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 22 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is 700 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.45m/min, the laser power is 2600W, the laser frequency is 50Hz, the welding depth is 2.7mm, and the welding width is 0.25mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 3.
The strength control before and after the heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 12.5 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 comprehensive properties of 3mm thickness
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps of (1) producing the low-cost high-strength hot forming steel with the thickness of 5mm according to a design component process, wherein the components of a finished product and the technological parameters C are as follows: 0.13%, si:0.70%, mn:1.50%, P:0.014%, S:0.003%, als:0.035%, nb:0.015%, ti:0.035%, N:0.0028%, B:0.0025%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1630 ℃, 24kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 12kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.2kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.62mbar, vacuum circulation of 12min, RH total treatment time of 20min, and rest time of 25min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 10 ℃, the pulling speed is 1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.6% of the original thickness of the casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1220 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 24% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 880 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 20 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 680 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the laser power is 3000W, the laser frequency is 60Hz, the welding depth is 3mm, and the welding width is 0.3mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 4.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 13 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The ferrite + pearlite structure before heat treatment of the 5mm thick heat-formed wheel steel is shown in fig. 3, the tempered martensite structure of the 5mm thick heat-formed wheel is shown in fig. 4, and specific heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the heat-formed steel before heat treatment and the heat-formed wheel after heat treatment, and fatigue test conditions are shown in table 4:
TABLE 45 mm thickness Synthesis
Example 5
The 3mm thick low-cost high-strength hot forming steel is produced according to the design component process, and the finished product components and the technological parameters C:0.14%, si:0.82%, mn:1.52%, P:0.018%, S:0.002%, als:0.015%, nb:0.025%, ti:0.045%, N:0.0027%, B:0.0020%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1660 ℃, 27kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 15kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.7kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.45mbar, vacuum circulation of 16min, RH total treatment time of 25min, and rest time of 26min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 15 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.05m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.7% of the original thickness of the casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1260 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 26% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 920 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 30 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 720 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.4m/min, the laser power is 2000W, the laser frequency is 40Hz, the welding depth is 2.5mm, and the welding width is 0.2mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 5.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 12 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5mm thickness Synthesis
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps of (1) producing the low-cost high-strength hot forming steel with the thickness of 5mm according to a design component process, wherein the components of a finished product and the technological parameters C are as follows: 0.16%, si:0.90%, mn:1.60%, P:0.013%, S:0.0005%, als:0.025%, nb:0.018%, ti:0.037%, N:0.0029%, B:0.0030%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1642 ℃, 28kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 16kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 4kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.33mbar, vacuum circulation of 16min, RH total treatment time of 23min and rest time of 27min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 20 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.10m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.8% of the original thickness of a casting blank. In the rolling process, the heating temperature of a plate blank is 1240 ℃, the thickness of an intermediate blank is 25% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 903 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 23 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 26 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is 700 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.46m/min, the laser power is 2700W, the laser frequency is 55Hz, the welding depth is 2.6mm, and the welding width is 0.26mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 6.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 12 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 5mm thickness Synthesis
Example 7
The method comprises the following steps of (1) producing low-cost high-strength hot forming steel with the thickness of 10mm according to a design component process, wherein the components of a finished product and technological parameters C are as follows: 0.16%, si:0.90%, mn:1.60%, P:0.011%, S:0.003%, als:0.015%, nb:0.015%, ti:0.035%, N:0.0032%, B:0.0025%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1630 ℃, 24kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 12kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.2kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.81mbar, vacuum circulation of 12min, RH total treatment time of 20min, and rest time of 25min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 10 ℃, the pulling speed is 1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.6% of the original thickness of the casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1220 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 24% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 920 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 30 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 720 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the laser power is 3000W, the laser frequency is 60Hz, the welding depth is 3mm, and the welding width is 0.3mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 7.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 13 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The ferrite + pearlite structure before heat treatment of the 10mm thick heat-formed wheel steel is shown in fig. 5, the tempered martensite structure of the 10mm thick heat-formed wheel is shown in fig. 6, and specific heat treatment process parameters, the properties of the heat-formed steel before heat treatment and the heat-formed wheel after heat treatment, and fatigue test conditions are shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 10mm thickness comprehensive properties
Example 8
The method comprises the following steps of (1) producing low-cost high-strength hot forming steel with the thickness of 10mm according to a design component process, wherein the components of a finished product and technological parameters C are as follows: 0.13%, si:0.70%, mn:1.50%, P:0.018%, S:0.0017%, als:0.035%, nb:0.025%, ti:0.045%, N:0.0031%, B:0.0020%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1660 ℃, 26kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 14kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 3.9kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.75mbar, vacuum circulation of 15min, RH total treatment time of 25min and rest time of 27min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 20 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.8% of the original thickness of a casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1260 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 26% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 880 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 20 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 680 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.4m/min, the laser power is 2000W, the laser frequency is 40Hz, the welding depth is 2.5mm, and the welding width is 0.2mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 8.
The strength control before and after the heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 12.5 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 10mm thickness comprehensive properties
Example 9
The method comprises the following steps of (1) producing low-cost high-strength hot forming steel with the thickness of 10mm according to a design component process, wherein the components of a finished product and technological parameters C are as follows: 0.15%, si:0.81%, mn:1.53%, P:0.013%, S:0.0005%, als:0.027%, nb:0.022%, ti:0.041%, N:0.0033%, B:0.0030%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1635 ℃, 28kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 16kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out for 1/4, and 4kg of lime/ton steel is added when tapping is carried out for 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.27mbar, vacuum circulation of 13min, RH total treatment time of 22min and rest time of 28min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 16 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.05m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.7% of the original thickness of a casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1235 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 25% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 892 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 21 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 26 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is 688 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and spoke rim are welded in a laser welding mode, wherein the welding speed is 0.44m/min, the laser power is 2850W, the laser frequency is 53Hz, the welding depth is 2.8mm, and the welding width is 0.24mm; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 9.
The production process has the advantages that the strength control before and after heat treatment meets the expectations, the comprehensive performance is qualified and excellent, and the grain size of the final finished product is 12 grade and the fatigue test is qualified. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 9:
TABLE 9 10mm thickness comprehensive properties
Comparative example 1
The 3mm thick low-cost high-strength hot forming steel is produced according to the design component process, and the finished product components and the technological parameters C:0.16%, si:0.72%, mn:1.60%, P:0.014%, S:0.001%, als:0.015%, nb:0.025%, ti:0.045%, N:0.0033%, B:0.0027%. The tapping temperature of the converter is 1660 ℃, 25kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 13kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out 1/4, and 3.7kg of lime/ton steel are added when tapping is carried out 1/2; RH ultimate vacuum degree of 0.70mbar, vacuum circulation of 15min, RH total treatment time of 25min and resting time of 28min; the average superheat degree of continuous casting is 15 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.1m/min, the 4 sections of the solidification tail end of the liquid core are dynamically and lightly pressed, and the total pressing ratio is 3.8% of the original thickness of a casting blank. The heating temperature of the plate blank in the rolling process is 1260 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 26% of the thickness of the plate blank, the final rolling temperature is 920 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃ by adopting a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling speed is 30 ℃/S, and the coiling temperature is controlled to 715 ℃. In the process of processing the wheel, the rim and the spoke rim are welded in a combined way by adopting common flash butt welding; the welded wheels were subjected to a heat treatment process with the process parameters as shown in table 10.
The strength control before and after the heat treatment meets the expectations, but the fatigue test does not meet the standard requirement, and the rim welding part is cracked. As shown in FIG. 7, after the 3mm thickness thermoformed wheel is subjected to flash butt welding, the rim weld is cracked for 40 ten thousand times in a fatigue test, and the standard requirement is not met for more than 100 ten thousand times. The heat treatment process parameters, the performance of the hot formed steel before heat treatment and the hot formed wheel after heat treatment and the fatigue test conditions are shown in table 10:
TABLE 10 comprehensive properties of 3mm thickness
According to the invention, 9 examples and 1 comparative example results are combined, and the optimized innovation technology is applied to the thermoformed wheels with different thicknesses and low cost and high strength in a set component interval, so that compared with the common lightweight wheels, the cost of the produced and applied thermoformed wheels is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the fatigue test of the finished wheels is greatly influenced by the selection of a welding mode and a welding process. The invention has the advantages of meeting the requirements of high strength, excellent impact value, reduced abnormal damage in the running process, prolonged service life of the wheel, low product cost, excellent strength and toughness, excellent light weight effect and wide market application prospect.
Claims (8)
1. A low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel characterized by: the chemical composition of the wheel steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the metallographic structure of the wheel is tempered martensite and ferrite, the content of the tempered martensite is 75-80%, the content of the ferrite is 20-25%, and the grain size is 12-13.
2. The production method of the low-cost high-strength thermal forming wheel comprises the steps of converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining, continuous casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, concentrated slow cooling, spoke rim processing, spoke rim welding, heating furnace austenitizing, quenching and tempering; the method is characterized in that: the continuous casting process comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.13-0.16%, si:0.70-0.90%, mn:1.50-1.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.018 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.003 percent, als:0.015-0.035%, nb:0.015-0.025%, ti:0.035-0.045%, N: less than or equal to 0.0035 percent, B:0.0020 to 0.0030 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the converter smelting process requires that the converter tapping temperature is 1630-1660 ℃, 24-28kg of high-carbon ferromanganese/ton steel and 12-16kg of ferrosilicon/ton steel are added after aluminum particles are added in 1/4 of tapping, and 3.2-4.0kg of lime/ton steel is added in 1/2 of tapping.
4. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the spoke rim is welded by laser, the welding speed is 0.4-0.5m/min, the laser power is 2000-3000W, the laser frequency is 40-60Hz, the welding depth is 2.5-3.0mm, and the welding width is 0.2-0.3mm.
5. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the LF refining procedure is used for refining LF slagging desulfurization lime with the addition amount of 9.5-10 kg/ton steel, ensuring that the outlet S of molten steel is below 0.002%, and ensuring that the N content is below 0.0035% by controlling micro-positive pressure in a ladle furnace in the whole smelting process;
the RH refining process requires that the ultimate vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1mbar, the vacuum circulation time is more than or equal to 12min, the RH total treatment time is controlled to be 20-25min, and the rest time between the end of RH feeding and the start of casting is more than or equal to 25min.
6. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the continuous casting process adopts low superheat degree casting, the superheat degree is controlled at 10-20 ℃, the pulling speed is 1.0-1.1m/min, dynamic soft reduction is adopted at the solidification tail end of the liquid core corresponding to 4 sections, and the total reduction ratio is 3.6-3.8% of the original thickness of the casting blank.
7. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the rolling procedure is that the heating temperature of the plate blank is 1240+/-20 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 24-26% of the thickness of the casting blank, and the final rolling temperature is 900+/-20 ℃;
the cooling procedure adopts a front-stage 1/4 cooling mode, the cooling water temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the cooling speed is 20-30 ℃/s; and in the coiling procedure, the coiling temperature is 700+/-20 ℃, the thickness interval of the steel strip is 3-10mm, and the steel coil is placed into a stack for slow cooling for 48 hours after being coiled off.
8. A method of producing a low cost, high strength thermoformed wheel according to claim 2 wherein: the parameters of the heat treatment process are as follows: heating to 840-860 deg.C, maintaining for 20min, cooling to 200-240 deg.C, heating to 300-360 deg.C, and maintaining for 20min.
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| CN112267066A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-26 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Hot rolled steel plate for 1800 MPa-grade hot stamping wheel rim and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2023007876A1 (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Hot-rolled steel sheet |
| KR20230056822A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | Ultra-high strength steel sheet having excellent ductility and mathod of manufacturing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103103448A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-05-15 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Low-alloy high-strength-toughness wear-resistant steel plate |
| CN104354776A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南三特机械制造有限公司 | Welding type guide wheel body and production method thereof |
| CN112226690A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Pickled steel plate for 1800 MPa-level hot stamping wheel rim and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112267066A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-26 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Hot rolled steel plate for 1800 MPa-grade hot stamping wheel rim and manufacturing method thereof |
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