CN116770169A - 一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/58—Roll-force control; Roll-gap control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
本发明涉及一种201‑300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板及其制造方法,所述钢板的化学成分质量百分比为,C:0.35~0.45,Si:0.20~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.60,Cr:1.80~2.10,Mo:0.20~0.40,P≤0.015,S:0.050‑0.100,V+Ti+B:0.02~0.30,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。以450mm厚连铸板坯轧制成材,通过合理的加热制度、轧制工艺,尤其是正火后采用“水冷台架+风冷”的冷却方式加回火,得到厚度201‑300mm,宽度2000‑2300mm,长度6000‑12000mm易切削预硬化模具钢板,芯部硬度不低于30HRC,断面硬度差2.5HRC以内,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格。且连铸坯轧制钢板成材率达到90%以上,远高于模铸钢锭轧板成材率,降低了生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种钢冶炼技术领域,具体涉及一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
模具钢作为模具的最重要原材料,其产品质量直接决定了模具的性能和使用寿命,对模具行业具有决定性影响。近年来随着下游产业的快速增长,对模具钢板的规格、性能均匀性、切割加工性能等提出了更高的要求。预硬化模具钢板,特别是硬度30HRC以上的预硬化模具厚板加工难度大,模具钢加工性能直接影响模具加工周期及成本。为改善预硬化模具钢的切削加工性能,国内外开发了添加硫、钙、铅、硒等元素多种易切削模具钢,其中含硫钢是应用最广泛的易切削模具钢之一。随着硫元素加入,加剧了钢坯的成分偏聚和疏松孔洞,对钢板内部致密度和性能均匀性造成不同程度的影响,增大了水淬的开裂风险,若采用空冷特厚板淬透性偏低芯部硬度低,整断面硬度偏差大,不能满足使用要求,制约了特厚大尺寸钢板的生产。目前钢企多采用钢锭轧制宽度2000mm以下特厚板。
公开号为CN104164549A,公开公告日2014.11.26,名称“一种调质低合金塑料模具用钢钢板的预硬处理方法”的专利文献公开了厚度60-400mm,宽度1150-1600mnm,长度2000-10000mm钢板预硬处理方法,轧后控制冷却+回火处理,热轧步骤中控制钢板的终轧温度≥900℃,轧后控制冷却,先以0.1~0.8℃/s的速度空冷至100~300℃,然后采用堆冷冷却至100℃以下;回火处理后硬度达到用户所要求的硬度值,省去了淬火步骤降低了企业生产成本。但厚度大于200mm、宽度大于2000mm、长度大于6000mm的大尺寸钢板工业化生产空冷难以达到贝氏体转变临界冷却速度。
公开号为CN104988434B,公开公告日2015.10.21,名称“一种含硫塑料模具钢厚板及其生产工艺”的专利文献公开了200mm以下厚度含硫塑料模具钢板的生产方法,钢板具有较好的内部质量,钢板组织均匀,同板硬度差在2.0HRC以内。但因厚度规格的局限,已满足不了市场的需求。
公开号为CN 110396648B,公开公告日2021.04.09,名称“一种连铸坯生产特厚合金模具钢板及其制造方法”的专利文献公开了450mm板坯生产厚度为200-300mm钢板,通过合适的成分设计、加热方式、尤其是一种创新型的“差温+大压下”轧制工艺,以及热处理制度得到高探伤要求的特厚合金模具钢,同时钢板硬度均匀,夹杂物低,综合切割加工性能优良。该专利钢中S≤0.01%是非易切削模具钢板,若含硫易切削模具钢板采用“差温+大压下工艺”轧制存在端部分层缺陷的风险。
综上所述,应继续加强易切削模具钢特厚大尺寸钢板的研究和开发,提高预硬化钢板制造技术。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种201-300mm厚易切削模具钢板的新工艺,该生产工艺是以450mm厚连铸板坯轧制成材,通过合理的加热制度、轧制工艺,严格的热处理制度,得到厚度201-300mm,宽度2000-2300mm,长度6000-12000mm特厚大尺寸钢板,芯部硬度不低于30HRC,断面硬度差2.5HRC以内,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板,所述钢板的化学成分质量百分比为,C:0.35~0.45,Si:0.20~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.60,Cr:1.80~2.10,Mo:0.20~0.40,P≤0.015,S:0.050-0.100,V+Ti+B:0.02~0.30,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。为提高大尺寸钢板淬透性,保证钢板断面硬度均匀性,合金元素均按照中上限设定目标值。
钢板中各组分及含量在本发明中的作用:
C:是保证钢板强度、硬度重要的元素,其固溶强化作用显著,适当的碳含量有助于提高钢的硬度,但是过高的含碳量则会降低钢板韧性,对模具钢的后续加工及使用不利。本发明控制碳含量为0.35~0.45%。
Si:是钢中重要的脱氧元素,通常以固溶强化形式提高钢的强度,适量的硅有助于提高钢的屈服点以及抗拉强度。本发明Si含量控制为0.20~0.40%。
Mn:是提高钢淬透性的元素,有固溶强化的作用,是提高钢板强度的重要元素。本发明Mn含量控制为1.30~1.60%。
Cr:是提高钢淬透性的元素,可以提高钢的强度、硬度、耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性能。另外,适当的铬含量能够抑制珠光体和多边形铁素体的形成,促进低温组织贝氏体或马氏体的转变。本发明将其含量控制在1.80~2.10%。
Mo:可以显著提高钢的淬透性和强度。钼可以提高钢的淬透性、热强性能以及红硬性,适当的钼含量能够使模具钢在高温时保持足够的强度与抗蠕变能力,但Mo是贵重合金,高的Mo含量会增加生产成本。本发明中Mo的含量控制在0.20~0.40%。
P:磷为钢中的杂质元素,易形成晶间偏析,给钢板的韧性以及热加工性带来不利的影响,应尽量减少其含量。本发明控制P≤0.015%。
S:硫在钢中一般为有害元素,其在钢中容易以硫化物的夹杂物存在,降低钢的延展性和韧性,本发明中通过添加一定含量的硫,有意促进硫化物夹杂物的形成,目的是降低切削抗力、并使切屑容易脆断从而提高材料的加工性能,本发明中硫的含量控制在0.050-0.100%。
Ti、V、B:是微合金化元素。钛是固氮的重要元素,形成的TiN可有效阻止高温加热时奥氏体晶粒的粗化;钒形成的碳氮化物在沉淀强化方面具有独特的优势,适当的钒含量可提高钢种高温高压下抗氢腐蚀能力。硼可以增加钢的淬透性,从而节约其他贵重合金的加入量。搭配使用有助于提高模具钢的综合性能,本发明控制V+Ti+B含量在0.02~0.30%。
关键工艺步骤如下:
(1)冶炼:采用洁净钢冶炼方式,严格控制钢水中氧、氢含量和氧化物类夹杂物,通过LF炉精炼和RH真空脱气,保证高真空时间,钢水真空结束后氢不大于1.0ppm,B、C、D类夹杂物总和不大于3.5级。
(2)连铸:以直弧连铸机连铸450mm厚度板坯。通过精准控制钢水过热度、恒定连铸坯拉速、在钢水凝固末端采用动态轻压下技术,改善坯料芯部因钢水凝固收缩产生的疏松孔洞和选分结晶造成的偏析,提高坯料内部质量。铸坯低倍质量满足中心偏析不大于C类1.0级,中心疏松不大于1.0级。
(3)加热:钢坯在步进式加热炉加热,均热段目标温度1240±10℃,最高加热温度1280℃,均热段保温时间3-4min/cm,保证钢坯出炉芯部温度不低于1190℃。使钢中C元素进行高温扩散,Cr、Mo等合金元素充分固溶,改善钢坯凝固过程形成的成分偏聚,达到钢板成份均匀化。
(4)轧制:开轧温度1080-1150℃,采用高温轧制,坯料纵轧到底,最大道次压下量不低于58mm。高温时轧制变形抗力小,轧制扭矩低,易于实现大于50mm的大压下量。大压下量轧制使变形渗透到板坯芯部,有利于板坯内部疏松的焊合,钢板探伤满足NB/T47013.3TⅠ合格的质量要求。
(5)热处理:对钢板进行正火+回火热处理,正火温度860-900℃,保温时间2-3mm/min,使钢板中Cr、Mo的碳化物充分溶解,保证奥氏体均匀化。出炉后“水冷台架+风冷”冷却,提高钢板上下表面冷却均匀性和冷却速度,整断面冷却速度均达临界冷速以上,抑制珠光体、屈氏体组织转变,得到贝氏体+马氏体组织,避免大尺寸钢板出现下表面或芯部硬度偏低。回火温度500-600℃,保温时间3-5mm/min,出炉后空冷。消除钢板组织应力,同时伴随马氏体分解、碳化物析出,钢板硬度略有下降,塑性、韧性提高,综合性能达到模具的使用要求。
通过上述工艺步骤得到预硬型易切削模具特厚板。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明加热轧制过程中,均热段保温时间3-4min/cm,改善钢坯中心成分不均,同时保证钢坯出炉芯部温度不低于1190℃。轧制采用高温纵轧,在变形抗力小的高温阶段,利用有限的压下量实现大压下轧制,有效提高芯部的变形率,提高钢板致密度。
本发明正火后采用“水冷台架+风冷”的冷却方式,水冷台架避免钢板下表中部冷却速度慢、钢板与台架或冷床接触点热传递慢等问题,同时多台风机同向风冷,提高钢板上下表面冷却均匀性和冷却速度,整断面冷却速度均达临界冷速以上,得到贝氏体+马氏体组织,避免大尺寸钢板上下表面冷速不均,芯部、局部冷速偏低发生珠光体、屈氏体组织转变等问题,保证特厚大尺寸钢板硬度均匀性。
本发明生产的易切削预硬化钢板最大尺寸,厚度300mm,宽度2300mm,长度12000mm,芯部硬度不低于30HRC,断面硬度差2.5HRC以内,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格。
本发明通过“水冷台架+风冷”实现了特厚大尺寸模具钢板的预硬化,所涉及工艺获得的特厚大尺寸模具钢板,芯部硬度不低于30HRC,断面硬度差2.5HRC以内,探伤NB/T47013.3TⅠ合格。且连铸坯轧制钢板成材率达到90%以上,远高于模铸钢锭轧板成材率,降低了生产成本。
具体实施方式
结合本发明的较佳实施例对本发明的技术方案作更详细的描述。但该等实施例仅是对本发明较佳实施方式的描述,而不能对本发明的范围产生任何限制。
实施例1
本实施例涉及的特厚大尺寸塑料模具钢板的厚度为300mm,其化学成分按质量百分比计为,C:0.40%,Si:0.25%,Mn:1.52%,P:0.013%,S:0.065%,Cr:2.00%,Mo:0.24%,V+Ti+B:0.08,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
该钢板的制造工艺如下:
生产工艺流程:转炉炼钢→精炼→真空脱气→450mm连铸坯→加热→轧制→热处理→探伤→精整→检验→入库。
主要工序的具体操作如下:
钢水通过精炼及真空脱气处理,降低钢中有害元素,且采用恒拉速、轻压下技术,保证450mm连铸坯的内部质量,板坯低倍中心偏析C类0.5,中心疏松0.5。
钢坯在步进式加热炉加热,均热段温度1240℃,保温时间3.6min/cm;出炉钢坯芯部温度1205℃。
钢坯高温纵轧,开轧温度1090℃,粗轧机最大道次压下量61mm,精轧机轧至300mm,精轧机小压下量平整道次,保证钢板不平度不大于3mm/m。
利用台车炉对钢板进行正火+回火热处理,设定正火温度885℃,保温时间2.2min/mm,出炉后钢板快速吊至水冷台架进行风冷,冷却至钢温200℃吊离水冷台架空冷。回火温度560℃,保温时间3.8min/mm。
经由上述制造工艺制得的300mm厚钢板外观板型良好,整板硬度均匀,综合性能优异,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格,其主要性能详见表1。
实施例2
本实施例涉及的特厚大尺寸塑料模具钢板的厚度为250mm,其化学成分按质量百分比计为,C:0.39%,Si:0.25%,Mn:1.51%,P:0.013%,S:0.065%,Cr:2.00%,Mo:0.22%,V+Ti+B:0.03,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
该钢板的制造工艺如下:
生产工艺流程:转炉炼钢→精炼→真空脱气→450mm连铸坯→加热→轧制→热处理→探伤→精整→检验→入库。
主要工序的具体操作如下:
钢水通过精炼及真空脱气处理,降低钢中有害元素,且采用恒拉速、轻压下技术,保证450mm连铸坯的内部质量,板坯低倍中心偏析C类1.0,中心疏松1.0。
钢坯在步进式加热炉加热,均热段温度1240℃,保温时间3.3min/cm;出炉钢坯芯部温度1202℃。
钢坯高温纵轧,开轧温度1100℃,粗轧机最大道次压下量58mm,精轧机轧至250mm,精轧机小压下量平整道次,保证钢板不平度不大于3mm/m。
利用台车炉对钢板进行正火+回火热处理,设定正火温度875℃,保温时间2min/mm,出炉后快速吊至水冷台架进行风冷,冷却至钢温200℃吊离水冷台架空冷。回火温度580℃,保温时间3.5min/mm。
经由上述制造工艺制得的250mm厚钢板外观板型良好,整板硬度均匀,综合性能优异,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格,其主要性能详见表1。
实施例3
本实施例涉及的特厚大尺寸塑料模具钢板的厚度为220mm,其化学成分按质量百分比计为,C:0.39%,Si:0.25%,Mn:1.50%,P:0.014%,S:0.060%,Cr:2.00%,Mo:0.23%,V+Ti+B:0.03,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
该钢板的制造工艺如下:
生产工艺流程:转炉炼钢→精炼→真空脱气→450mm连铸坯→加热→轧制→热处理→探伤→精整→检验→入库。
主要工序的具体操作如下:
钢水通过精炼及真空脱气处理,降低钢中有害元素,且采用恒拉速、轻压下技术,保证450mm连铸坯的内部质量,板坯低倍中心偏析C类0.5,中心疏松1.0。
钢坯在步进式加热炉加热,均热段温度1240℃,保温时间3.2min/cm;出炉钢坯芯部温度1205℃。
钢坯高温纵轧,开轧温度1120℃,最大道次压下量62mm,精轧机轧至220mm,精轧机小压下量平整道次,保证钢板不平度不大于3mm/m。
利用台车炉对钢板进行正火+回火热处理,设定正火温度875℃,保温时间2.3min/mm,出炉后快速吊至水冷台架进行风冷,冷却至钢温210℃吊离水冷台架空冷。回火温度580℃,保温时间3.5min/mm。
经由上述制造工艺制得的220mm厚钢板外观板型良好,整板硬度均匀,综合性能优异,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格,其主要性能详见表1。
表1各实施例所生产钢板的硬度情况
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是应该清楚地理解,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板,其特征在于所述钢板的化学成分质量百分比为:C:0.35~0.45,Si:0.20~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.60,Cr:1.80~2.10,Mo:0.20~0.40,P≤0.015,S:0.050-0.100,V+Ti+B:0.02~0.30,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板,其特征在于所述钢板的厚度201-300mm,宽度2000-2300mm,长度6000-12000mm,芯部硬度不低于30HRC,断面硬度差2.5HRC以内,探伤NB/T 47013.3TⅠ合格。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)冶炼:采用洁净钢冶炼方式,严格控制钢水中氧、氢含量和氧化物类夹杂物,通过LF炉精炼和RH真空脱气,保证高真空时间,钢水真空结束后氢不大于1.0ppm,B、C、D类夹杂物总和不大于3.5级;
2)连铸:以直弧连铸机连铸450mm厚度板坯,铸坯低倍质量满足中心偏析不大于C类1.0级,中心疏松不大于1.0级;
3)加热:钢坯在步进式加热炉加热,保证钢坯出炉芯部温度不低于1190℃;
4)轧制:开轧温度1080-1150℃,采用高温轧制,坯料纵轧到底,最大道次压下量不低于58mm;
5)热处理:对钢板进行正火+回火热处理,正火温度860-900℃,保温时间2-3mm/min,出炉后冷却;回火温度500-600℃,保温时间3-5mm/min,出炉后空冷,得到预硬型易切削塑料模具特厚板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:连铸过程控制钢水过热度、恒定连铸坯拉速、在钢水凝固末端采用动态轻压下技术,改善坯料芯部因钢水凝固收缩产生的疏松孔洞和选分结晶造成的偏析,提高坯料内部质量。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:加热过程中均热段目标温度1240±10℃,最高加热温度1280℃,均热段保温时间3-4min/cm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述钢板在正火出炉后采用“水冷台架+风冷”冷却,出炉后快速吊至水冷台架进行风冷,冷却至钢温200℃-220℃吊离水冷台架空冷。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种201-300mm厚易切削预硬型模具钢板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述水冷台架避免钢板下表中部冷却速度慢、钢板与台架或冷床接触点热传递慢问题,同时多台风机同向风冷,提高钢板上下表面冷却均匀性和冷却速度,整断面冷却速度均达临界冷速以上,得到贝氏体+马氏体组织,避免大尺寸钢板上下表面冷速不均,芯部、局部冷速偏低发生珠光体、屈氏体组织转变问题,保证特厚大尺寸钢板硬度均匀性。
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