CN116769988A - Blast furnace smelting method for use proportion of high lump ore - Google Patents
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- CN116769988A CN116769988A CN202310885940.2A CN202310885940A CN116769988A CN 116769988 A CN116769988 A CN 116769988A CN 202310885940 A CN202310885940 A CN 202310885940A CN 116769988 A CN116769988 A CN 116769988A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, and particularly discloses a blast furnace smelting method for a high lump ore use proportion, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting proper lump ore types through a comprehensive furnace burden metallurgical performance experiment; step two, effectively screening lump ores to ensure that the powder content of the lump ores in a furnace is not more than 4%; step three, according to the slag alkalinity of 1.1-1.2, al 2 O 3 Ore blending is carried out with the content less than 20% and the magnesium-aluminum ratio of 0.6-0.65; and fourthly, distributing the prepared furnace burden according to a certain distribution process, and then charging the furnace burden into a furnace for smelting. The invention replaces pellet ore and part of sinter ore with proper natural lump ore, overcomes the adverse effect caused by high lump ore proportion by optimizing ore proportioning, distributing process and smelting process parameters, and achieves the aims of reducing cost and carbon discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, and particularly relates to a blast furnace smelting method for a high lump ore use proportion.
Background
Blast furnace ironmaking is used as the largest energy consumption source in the steel production process. In recent years, in order to reduce pollutant emission and iron-making cost by compression, the steel industry gradually develops towards the direction of refined materials, and a reasonable furnace burden structure is an important means for effectively improving the technology and economy of a blast furnace at present. In optimizing the furnace burden structure, the natural lump ore occupies larger advantages than pellet ore in terms of price, and reduces the occupied area and process equipment required for producing pellets, thereby achieving the effects of energy conservation, consumption reduction and low-carbon production. The improvement of the utilization rate of the natural lump ore can obviously reduce the production cost of ton iron.
It is generally considered that the lump ore is used for replacing pellet ore to enter the furnace, and the following adverse effects are mainly caused to blast furnace smelting:
(1) The air permeability of the blast furnace is poor, the softening and melting temperatures of lump ore are lower than those of pellet ore and sinter ore, the interval of the reflow temperature is wide, the reflow zone of the blast furnace is widened and moves upwards after the proportion of lump ore is improved, the volume of a wet zone with poor air permeability is increased, and the lump ore is relatively larger in powder content, so that the air permeability of the blast furnace is further deteriorated.
(2) The fuel ratio is increased to some extent, from the comparison of the reflow performance of the furnace burden, the sinter is optimal, the pellet ore is inferior, the lump ore is worst, when the lump ore is used for replacing the pellet ore, the softening and melting starting temperatures of the furnace burden are reduced, the reflow temperature interval is increased, the position of the reflow zone in the blast furnace is moved upwards, the thickness is increased, the indirect reduction interval in the furnace is correspondingly reduced, the gas utilization rate is reduced, and the fuel ratio is increased.
(3) Gangue content in lump ore is low, but Al 2 O 3 The content is high, and with the increase of the proportion of the lump ore to be charged into the furnace, al in the slag 2 O 3 The slag can rise, the fluidity of the slag can be poor, and when the alkalinity is high and the physical heat of molten iron is low, the slag is difficult to discharge in time, and the stability of the blast furnace condition is affected.
At present, the blast furnace in the industry can realize the increase of the lump ore proportion to the level of 20-24%, ensure the stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace and the non-increase of the fuel consumption index, but few iron and steel plants dare to increase the lump ore proportion to 35%. For example, a steel mill can increase the lump ore ratio from 10% to 21.5%, and the defects of fluctuation of furnace conditions, poor air permeability and the like are found when the raw ore ratio is increased, so that the normal production of the blast furnace is not favored by the continuous upward lifting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the influence of high proportion lump ore on the production of a blast furnace, select proper lump ore through synthesizing the metallurgical property of furnace burden, ensure the screening effect of the lump ore, and realize the purposes of stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace and stable yield consumption index by gradually increasing the usage amount of the lump ore through optimizing the ore proportioning and charging and distributing system. The pellet and the sinter are replaced by the lump ore with relatively low price, so that the purpose of reducing the cost of molten iron can be realized, and the carbon emission of the ironmaking process is reduced while the pellet and the sinter are replaced by the natural lump ore.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the blast furnace smelting method for the use proportion of the high lump ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, mixing sintered ore, lump ore and pellets in proportion to obtain comprehensive furnace burden, wherein when the mass ratio of lump ore to comprehensive furnace burden meeting the following high-temperature metallurgical performance conditions is 2:10-3.5:10 through a comprehensive furnace burden metallurgical performance experiment, the softening start temperature is above 1100 ℃, the softening end temperature is below 1250 ℃, namely the softening interval is within 150 ℃, the melting start temperature is above 1270 ℃, and the melting end temperature is below 1450 ℃, namely the melting interval is within 180 ℃.
Further, the mass ratio of lump ore to comprehensive furnace burden is 2:10-3.5:10, the mass ratio of sinter ore to comprehensive furnace burden is 6.5:10-7:10, and the mass ratio of pellet ore to comprehensive furnace burden is 0:10-1:10.
Step two, effectively screening lump ores, controlling the powder content (granularity is less than 5 mm) of the raw ores to be not more than 8% before the lump ores enter a bin, and screening net lump ores below a blast furnace tank to ensure that the powder content in the furnace is not more than 4%.
Further, the lump ore is effectively screened: the lump ore enters a raw material field to pass through a 8mm sieve, people are arranged on site to track and sample, unqualified lump ore continues to carry out secondary sieving, the lump ore is wet in rainy days, and sintered return ore is poured into the lump ore to be stirred and then sieved, which is called stirring return sieving.
Step three, according to the slag alkalinity of 1.1-1.2, al 2 O 3 The content is less than 20%, the magnesium-aluminum ratio is 0.6-0.65, wherein the mass ratio of the lump ore to each batch of furnace burden is 2:10-3.5:10, the mass ratio of the sinter ore to each batch of furnace burden is 6.5:10-7:10, and the mass ratio of the pellet ore to each batch of furnace burden is 0-1:10.
Further, the sinter requirements are: the binary alkalinity is between 1.95 and 2.05, al 2 O 3 ≤2.40％，MgO≥2.8％。
And fourthly, carrying out annular distribution on the prepared furnace burden from outside to inside through a furnace top distribution chute according to the sequence of coke, sinter, lump ore, coke breeze, pellets and sinter ore, and smelting in a furnace under certain smelting process conditions.
Further, the material distribution process is C 4 38.5 2 36 2 33 2 30 2 27 ↓O 2 36.5 3 34 3 31.5 2 29 Either ∈or C 4 38 2 35.5 2 32.5 2 29.5 2 26.5 ↓O 2 35.5 3 33.5 3 31 2 28.5 ↓
Further, the coke is distributed on the bottom layer, and the sinter, lump ore and coke butyl are distributed on the coke from outside to inside respectively. The lump ore is distributed in the middle of the ore belt, so that the central air flow and the edge air flow are not influenced, and meanwhile, the air permeability can be improved due to the addition of the diced coke. The distribution angle of coke and furnace burden is reduced, the ore belt is reduced, and the stable air flows at the center and the edge are maintained.
Further, the mass ratio of lump ore to diced coke is 1:11-1:20.
Further, smelting processThe stable air volume of (1) is 1700m 3 Per min, the coal injection amount is 12.0t/h-13.0t/h, and the oxygen enrichment amount is 6000m 3 /hm 3 And/h, the temperature of hot air is 1180 ℃, the pressure difference is controlled to be 114-116kPa, and the air permeability index is ensured to be 15-15.5.
Furthermore, the physical temperature of molten iron is not lower than 1480 ℃, and the qualification rate of the iron notch is ensured to be more than 90 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the innovation point of the invention is that the metallurgical property of the comprehensive furnace burden is adopted to replace the metallurgical property of the traditional single-variety furnace burden to judge whether the used furnace burden is in a proper reflow zone, and the metallurgical property of the comprehensive furnace burden is closer to the actual production, so that whether the used furnace burden structure has better air permeability is reflected more directly.
Secondly, the screening quality of lump ore is very critical to control, and the powder content of the lump ore in a furnace can be effectively reduced by the lump ore screening means, and the influence on the air permeability of the blast furnace due to factors such as small granularity of the lump ore, powder weight and the like is reduced.
And thirdly, optimizing the batching structure, and after the proportion of lump ore is increased, greatly changing the chemical composition of the slag, especially increasing the aluminum content in the slag. The aluminum in the slag is raised to have a certain inhibition effect on the fluidity of the slag, and the proper increase of the MgO content in the high-alumina slag can improve the fluidity of the slag, so that the magnesium-aluminum ratio (MgO/Al) 2 O 3 ) The control is between 0.6 and 0.65, and has better effect.
Finally, along with the gradual increase of the use proportion of lump ore to 35%, the blast furnace operation is correspondingly adjusted to reduce the angle of the outer ring of the ore by the angle increase of the inner ring on the distribution matrix, so that the ore band is smaller, two gas developments are facilitated, the air quantity and oxygen are properly reduced on the operation parameters, the smelting strength is reduced, the coal injection quantity is reduced, the air permeability of a charging post is improved, and the blast furnace can still keep stable production under the condition of 35% of lump ore proportion and has stable yield and consumption index.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
In implementing certain iron works No. 3 510m in China 3 The blast furnace is used for carrying out, the weight of each batch of coke is 3.5 tons, the weight of each batch of ore is 17 tons (the weight of the sintered ore is 11.05-11.9 tons, the weight of the lump ore is 3.4-5.95 tons, the weight of the pellet is 0-1.7 tons), and the weight of the diced coke is 0.3 ton.
Firstly, a comprehensive furnace burden metallurgical performance experiment is carried out, PB blocks are selected as test objects, and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Metallurgical Properties of comprehensive burden of PB blocks in different proportions
The lump ore was effectively screened, and the screening results are shown in table 2:
table 2 PB pieces of screening data
| The fine ore contains the powder% | Charging into furnace to contain powder% | |
| Lump ore | 5.56 | 3.87 |
The materials are prepared according to the material preparation requirements, the alkalinity of the slag and the magnesium-aluminum ratio are controlled, and the slag components are shown in the table 3:
TABLE 3 slag composition table during high proportion lump ore production
| Lump ore proportion | Slag ratio | Basicity of slag | Aluminum in slag | Magnesium to aluminum ratio |
| 17％ | 346 | 1.20 | 15.52 | 0.62 |
| 21％ | 339 | 1.19 | 16.62 | 0.60 |
| 23％ | 328 | 1.18 | 16.36 | 0.60 |
| 25％ | 325 | 1.18 | 17.24 | 0.60 |
| 26％ | 321 | 1.20 | 17.81 | 0.60 |
| 27％ | 330 | 1.20 | 17.61 | 0.63 |
| 28％ | 326 | 1.20 | 18.00 | 0.60 |
| 29％ | 320 | 1.20 | 18.33 | 0.60 |
| 30％ | 322 | 1.16 | 18.29 | 0.60 |
| 31％ | 318 | 1.17 | 17.90 | 0.61 |
| 32％ | 317 | 1.19 | 17.79 | 0.63 |
| 33％ | 317 | 1.19 | 18.16 | 0.65 |
| 34％ | 316 | 1.19 | 17.83 | 0.65 |
| 35％ | 315 | 1.15 | 17.89 | 0.65 |
| 36％ | 314 | 1.16 | 18.17 | 0.65 |
| 38％ | 312 | 1.11 | 18.28 | 0.65 |
Parameters such as a distribution matrix, air quantity, oxygen enrichment, coal injection and the like are adjusted during the process of increasing the proportion of lump ore, and the table 4 is shown in the specification:
table 4 parameter adjustment during lifting of lump ore proportions
Yield, fuel consumption, cost and carbon displacement data after lump ore scale elevation are shown in table 5:
table 5 yield, fuel consumption, cost and carbon displacement data during blast furnace lifting lump ore proportions
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme and the concept of the present invention, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The blast furnace smelting method for the use proportion of the high lump ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, mixing sinter, lump ore and pellets in proportion to obtain comprehensive furnace burden, and selecting lump ore meeting the following high-temperature metallurgical performance conditions through a comprehensive furnace burden metallurgical performance experiment: when the mass ratio of lump ore to comprehensive furnace burden is 2:10-3.5:10, the softening start temperature is above 1100 ℃, the softening end temperature is below 1250 ℃, namely the softening interval is within 150 ℃, the melting start temperature is above 1270 ℃, and the melting end temperature is below 1450 ℃, namely the melting interval is within 180 ℃;
step two, effectively screening lump ores, controlling the powder content (granularity is less than 5 mm) of the coarse ores to be not more than 8% before the lump ores enter a bin, and screening net lump ores below a blast furnace tank to ensure that the powder content in the lump ores entering a furnace is not more than 4%;
step three, according to the slag alkalinity of 1.1-1.2, al 2 O 3 The content is less than 20%, the magnesium-aluminum ratio is 0.6-0.65, wherein the mass ratio of the lump ore to each batch of furnace burden is 2:10-3.5:10, the mass ratio of the sinter ore to each batch of furnace burden is 6.5:10-7:10, and the mass ratio of the pellet ore to each batch of furnace burden is 0:10-1:10;
and fourthly, carrying out annular distribution on the prepared furnace burden from outside to inside through a furnace top distribution chute according to the sequence of coke, sinter, lump ore, coke breeze, pellets and sinter ore, and smelting in a furnace.
2. The blast furnace smelting method according to the use ratio of the high lump ore, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lump ore to the comprehensive burden in the first step is 2:10-3.5:10, the mass ratio of the sinter ore to the comprehensive burden is 6.5:10-7:10, and the mass ratio of the pellet ore to the comprehensive burden is 0:10-1:10.
3. The blast furnace smelting method according to claim 1, wherein the sinter requirements in the third step are as follows: the binary alkalinity is between 1.95 and 2.05, al 2 O 3 ≤2.40％，MgO≥2.8％。
4. The blast furnace smelting method according to claim 1, wherein the burden distribution process in the fourth step is C 4 38.5 2 36 2 33 2 30 2 27 ↓O 2 36.5 3 34 3 31.5 2 29 Either ∈or C 4 38 2 35.5 2 32.5 2 29.5 2 26.5 ↓O 2 35.5 3 33.5 3 31 2 28.5 ↓。
5. The blast furnace smelting method according to the usage proportion of the high lump ore, as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the coke in the fourth step is disposed on the bottom layer, and the sinter, lump ore and coke are disposed on the coke, and are sinter, lump ore, coke and sinter from the outside to the inside, respectively.
6. The blast furnace smelting method for the high lump ore use ratio according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of lump ore to diced coke is 1:11-1:20.
7. The blast furnace smelting method according to the use proportion of the high lump ore, which is characterized in that the stable air quantity of the smelting process in the fourth step is 1700m 3 Per min, the coal injection amount is 12.0t/h-13.0t/h, and the oxygen enrichment amount is 6000m 3 /hm 3 And/h, the temperature of hot air is 1179-1180 ℃, the pressure difference is controlled to be 114-116kPa, the air permeability index is ensured to be 15-15.5, and the physical temperature of molten iron is not lower than 1480 ℃.
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