CN116760101A - Method and device for controlling distributed frequency recovery of series micro-grid - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling distributed frequency recovery of series micro-grid Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The scheme discloses a series micro-grid distributed frequency recovery control method in the technical field of power grids, which comprises the following steps: step 1: the series micro-grid is formed by connecting n distributed power generation in series to supply power to a load, works in an island mode, and each DG is provided with an independent LC filter to realize independent control; step 2: obtaining the power transmission characteristic of the series micro-grid by dividing the real part and the imaginary part in the formula (1); step 3: self-synchronizing control of the series micro-grid; the output voltage of the ith DG tracks the reference voltage synthesized by the formulas (4) and (5) through the voltage-current loop controller, so that the distributed control is realized. The method in the scheme provides a completely distributed control mode which only needs the local current information of each DG so as to improve the reliability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a distributed frequency recovery control method and device for a series micro-grid.
Background
In order to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission, development and utilization of renewable energy sources have become a necessary trend. Renewable energy sources often have random and fluctuating characteristics, such as photovoltaics, fans, etc., which are quite different from the characteristics of conventional synchronous generators. The micro-grid based on the power electronic technology is an effective way for solving the problem of renewable energy access, and has important significance for changing the energy structure layout and promoting the development of the intelligent grid.
Series and parallel are two basic ways of composing a complex power network. The frequency is one of important indexes for measuring the quality of electric energy, and the frequency control method of the micro-grid can be divided into centralized control, distributed control and distributed control. The centralized type depends on a central controller, global communication is needed to collect local information of each DG and transmit the local information to the central controller for calculation, and then the local information is transmitted to each distributed power supply executing mechanism through high-bandwidth communication. The control mode can obtain good voltage and current waveforms, can realize a relatively complex control target, and can enable the system frequency to always work at a rated value. But the control method relies on a centralized controller and a high bandwidth communication network, and the system will run through when the centralized controller fails. The distributed control method does not need a centralized controller, and can realize integral frequency recovery control by only collecting information of adjacent DGs, thereby realizing that the system frequency is always controlled at a rated value. However, the control method still needs communication, and communication delay and communication failure seriously affect the performance of frequency recovery.
Droop control is the most typical decentralized control strategy for parallel micro-grids, the main mechanism of which is to simulate the power-frequency characteristics of synchronous generators. The frequency of the system under droop control varies with load, and it is difficult for the system to maintain the frequency at the nominal value. The communication-based two-layer frequency recovery control method is an effective method for solving the problem that the frequency drops caused by droop control. But this method requires communication to be implemented and requires a high requirement for a frequency recovery enable consistent synchronization signal.
In order to achieve decentralized control of a series microgrid, literature: HE Jinwei, LI YUnwei, LIANG Beihua, WANG Chengshan. Inverse Power Factor Droop Control for Decentralized Power Sharing in Series-Connected-microconneters-Based Islanding Microgrids [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64 (9) propose a power factor-frequency inverse droop control strategy that has good dynamic and steady state performance, but can only operate under resistive load conditions, and is not suitable for resistive-capacitive loads.
In order to overcome the limitations of the above operating range, the literature SUN Yao, SHI Guangze, LI Xing, YUAN Wenbin, SU Mei, HAN Hua, HOU Xiaochao.an f-P/Q Droop Control in Cascaded-Type Microgrid [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33 (1) proposes a distributed droop control strategy for f-P/Q that enables stable operation under resistive and resistive-capacitive loading conditions. However, this method cannot operate under purely resistive load conditions and has multiple stable equilibrium points at steady state, and when an undesirable steady state equilibrium point occurs, the system load voltage will drop severely, even causing irreversible damage to the distributed micro-sources.
The literature SUN Yao, LI Lang, SHI guard, HOU Xiaochao, SU mei.power Factor Angle Droop Control A General Decentralized Control of Cascaded Inverters J IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2020, pp (99) proposes a power factor angle droop control strategy that enables unique steady state operating point operation. However, the above control strategy will fluctuate in frequency when the load changes, and cannot always operate at the rated frequency point. Therefore, there is a need to explore the frequency recovery of tandem micro-grids.
In view of the above, a distributed frequency recovery control method for a tandem micro grid is proposed herein. The control method is based on the common information of the line current of the series system, and adds a frequency recovery term as a frequency bias to the power factor angle droop control to realize the frequency recovery control of the system. The control method is a completely distributed control mode, only local voltage current information of each DG is needed, and compared with a control method based on communication, the control method improves the reliability of the system. With the change of the load, the proposed control strategy can always control the frequency at the rated value, and ensures the frequency quality of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a distributed frequency recovery control method and device for a series micro-grid, so as to provide a completely distributed control mode which only needs local voltage current information of each DG, and improve the reliability of a system.
The distributed frequency recovery control method for the series micro-grid in the scheme comprises the following steps of:
step 1: the series micro-grid is formed by connecting n distributed power generation (Distributed generators, DGs) in series to supply power to a load, and works in an island mode, each DG is provided with an independent LC filter to realize independent control, and the active power and the reactive power output by the ith DG are expressed as:
wherein P is i Active power output by ith DG, Q i Reactive power output for ith DG, V i Output voltage amplitude, delta, for ith DG i Ith DG output voltage phase angle, Z' load And θ' load A load impedance module value and a phase angle representing a line-containing part of the whole system;
step 2: the real part and the imaginary part in the split formula (1) are used for obtaining the power transmission characteristics of the series micro-grid, and the expression is as follows:
step 3: the self-synchronous control of the series micro-grid, the distributed power factor angle droop control is expressed as follows:
V i ＝V * (5)
omega in * For nominal angular frequency, ω i For the angular frequency of the ith DG,for the angle reference of rated power factor, m is a positive coefficient +.>For the power factor angle of the ith DG, V * The output voltage of the ith DG is referenced. The output voltage of the ith DG tracks the reference voltage synthesized by the formulas (4) and (5) through the voltage-current loop controller, so that the distributed control is realized.
As can be seen from equation (4), when the system goes into steady state,
where i, j e {1,2, …, n }.
The steady state equilibrium point of the system, as obtainable according to equations (2) - (6), is represented as follows:
as the load power factor angle increases, the frequency of the system will drop. Therefore, in order to make the system frequency always work in a given range, ensuring high power quality power supply, it is necessary to explore the frequency recovery control strategy of the tandem micro grid.
Step 4: the decentralized frequency recovery control strategy is expressed as:
omega in line,i For line current angular frequency, it can be obtained by local sampling of the phase-locked loop. k is a convergence enabling coefficient, and k is more than or equal to 0. When k=0, the frequency recovery enable fails, the system operates in the power factor angle droop mode when k>At 0, the frequency is restored to be enabled, and different k values can control the convergence speed of the system. As can be seen from formula (8), each ofThe reference number is i, and the proposed control strategy is a completely decentralized control mode, and frequency recovery can be realized without any communication.
The working principle of the scheme and the beneficial effects thereof are that: (1) Aiming at the problem of frequency drop under the existing series micro-grid distributed control, a distributed frequency recovery control strategy is provided, and the control strategy can control the frequency at a given value, so that the frequency quality of the system is improved.
(2) The provided control strategy is a completely distributed control mode, and compared with a frequency recovery control method based on communication, the method avoids the problem of system instability caused by communication faults. Thus, the proposed control method improves the reliability of the system.
(3) Based on a real-time simulation platform, the effectiveness of the proposed control method along with the change of load size, load characteristics and the like is verified.
The device for controlling the distributed frequency recovery of the tandem micro-grid comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit comprises the distributed frequency recovery control method of the tandem micro-grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a tandem micro-grid structure;
FIG. 2 is a power factor angle droop control block diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power factor angle droop control strategy;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the proposed distributed frequency recovery control strategy;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the proposed distributed frequency recovery control;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a real-time simulation platform;
FIG. 7 is a frequency-free recovery voltage-current waveform (a) DG output voltage (b) load voltage-current;
FIG. 8 is a simulation result of frequency (a) real time simulation of non-frequency recovery (b) active power (c) reactive power;
FIG. 9 is a waveform of load voltage and current under the proposed control strategy;
FIG. 10 shows the real-time simulation result (a) frequency (b) active power (c) reactive power under the proposed control strategy
Fig. 11 shows the load switching real-time simulation results (a) frequency (b) active power (c) reactive power.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
an example is substantially as shown in figure 1: the distributed frequency recovery control method for the series micro-grid comprises the following steps of:
step 1: as shown in fig. 1, the series micro-grid is formed by connecting n distributed power generation (Distributed generators, DGs) in series to supply power to a load, and works in an island mode. Each DG is configured with an independent LC filter and can be controlled individually. The active power and reactive power output by the ith DG are expressed as:
wherein P is i Active power output by ith DG, Q i Reactive power output for ith DG, V i Output voltage amplitude, delta, for ith DG i The i < th > DG outputs the voltage phase angle. Z's' load And θ' load Representing the load impedance modulus and phase angle of the line-containing portion of the overall system.
Step 2: by splitting the real and imaginary parts in equation (1), the power transfer characteristics of the series micro-grid can be obtained, expressed as:
step 3: the self-synchronous control of the series micro-grid, the distributed power factor angle droop control is expressed as follows:
V i ＝V * (5)
omega in * For nominal angular frequency, ω i For the angular frequency of the ith DG,for the angle reference of rated power factor, m is a positive coefficient +.>For the power factor angle of the ith DG, V * The output voltage of the ith DG is referenced. The output voltage of the ith DG tracks the reference voltage synthesized by the formulas (4) and (5) through the voltage-current loop controller, so that the distributed control is realized. A power factor angle droop control strategy control block diagram is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from equation (4), when the system goes into steady state,
where i, j e {1,2, …, n }.
The steady state equilibrium point of the system, as obtainable according to equations (2) - (6), is represented as follows:
the power factor angle droop control strategy is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, when the system load changes, the frequency of the system will change. As the load power factor angle increases, the frequency of the system will drop. Therefore, in order to make the system frequency always work in a given range, ensuring high power quality power supply, it is necessary to explore the frequency recovery control strategy of the tandem micro grid.
Step 4: the decentralized frequency recovery control strategy is expressed as:
omega in line,i For the angular frequency of the line current,may be obtained by local sampling of the phase locked loop. k is a convergence enabling coefficient, and k is more than or equal to 0. When k=0, the frequency recovery enable fails, the system operates in the power factor angle droop mode when k>At 0, the frequency is restored to be enabled, and different k values can control the convergence speed of the system. As can be seen from equation (8), each subscript is i, and the proposed control strategy is a completely decentralized control scheme, and frequency recovery can be achieved without any communication.
The line current of the series micro grid system is expressed as:
in which I com And delta com Representing the magnitude and phase angle of the line current, as available from equation (9),
separating the real and imaginary parts of equation (10), to obtain,
phase angle delta of line current com Expressed as:
the differential is carried out to obtain the following components:
typically, the load change is slow and negligible, equation (3) is written as (14).
From equation (14) above, DG is the line current angular frequency measured locally equal to the average of all DG angular frequencies.
When the system goes into steady state, as can be seen from equation (8),
P i ＝P j ,Q i ＝Q j (17)
as shown in the formula (15), the system realizes frequency recovery, and the formula (17) shows that the system simultaneously realizes power average control.
A schematic diagram of the proposed distributed frequency recovery control strategy is shown in fig. 4. When k=0, the frequency recovery enable is disabled, and under a certain load, the system frequency correspondingly drops from the point a to the point b, and the system operating frequency is smaller than omega * . When k is>And when the frequency recovery enabling is effective, the sagging curve is integrally lifted, and the system is lifted from the point b to the point c, so that the frequency recovery is realized. The control block diagram of the proposed decentralized frequency recovery control strategy is shown in fig. 5.
To verify the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized frequency recovery control strategy, a yxsfue-based real-time simulation platform is built herein, as shown in fig. 6. The real-time simulation platform test parameters are shown in table 1, 3 DGs are connected in series, and the system structure diagram is shown in fig. 1. Example 1 shows the real-time simulation result of the frequency-recovery-free control, example 2 shows the real-time simulation result of the proposed distributed frequency recovery control, and example 3 shows the real-time simulation result when the load is switched from resistive to capacitive.
Table 1 real-time simulation test parameters
Table 1 Parameters of real time simulation tests
The present real-time simulation example is performed without a frequency recovery term, that is, k=0 in equation (8). After t=4 seconds, the system changes load. When the system reaches a steady state before t=4s, the output voltage waveform of each DG is shown in fig. 7 (a), and the waveform of the load voltage current is shown in fig. 7 (b). The real-time simulation results are shown in fig. 8. Each DG frequency (f i ′＝f i 50) results of real-time simulation of the time fluctuations as shown in fig. 8 (a), it is clear from the graph that when the system changes with the load, the system frequency falls, and the system frequency cannot be always controlled at the rated frequency. Real-time simulation results of active power and reactive power changing with time are shown in fig. 8 (b) and (c), and the system load is a resistive-inductive load. Therefore, without the frequency recovery control, the system frequency will also change as the system load changes, and the frequency cannot always be controlled at the rated frequency.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application, and specific structures and features that are well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The distributed frequency recovery control method for the series micro-grid is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: the series micro-grid is formed by connecting n distributed power generation (Distributed generators, DGs) in series to supply power to a load, and works in an island mode, each DG is provided with an independent LC filter to realize independent control, and the active power and the reactive power output by the ith DG are expressed as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,P i active power output by ith DG, Q i Reactive power output for ith DG, V i Output voltage amplitude, delta, for ith DG i Ith DG output voltage phase angle, Z' oad And θ' load A load impedance module value and a phase angle representing a line-containing part of the whole system;
step 2: the real part and the imaginary part in the split formula (1) are used for obtaining the power transmission characteristics of the series micro-grid, and the expression is as follows:
step 3: the self-synchronous control of the series micro-grid, the distributed power factor angle droop control is expressed as follows:
V i ＝V * (5)
omega in * For nominal angular frequency, ω i For the angular frequency of the ith DG,for the angle reference of rated power factor, m is a positive coefficient +.>For the power factor angle of the ith DG, V * The output voltage of the ith DG is referenced, the output voltage of the ith DG tracks the reference voltage synthesized by the formulas (4) and (5) through a voltage-current loop controller, thereby realizing distributed control,
as can be seen from equation (4), when the system goes into steady state,
where i, j, e {1,2, …, n }
The steady state equilibrium point of the system, as obtainable according to equations (2) - (6), is represented as follows:
when the load power factor angle increases, the frequency of the system will drop;
step 4: the decentralized frequency recovery control strategy is expressed as:
omega in line,i The line current angular frequency is obtained through local sampling of a phase-locked loop; k is a convergence enabling coefficient, and k is more than or equal to 0; when k=0, the frequency recovery enable fails, the system operates in the power factor angle droop mode when k>When 0, the frequency is recovered and enabled, and the convergence speed of the system can be controlled by different k values; as can be seen from equation (8), each subscript is i, and the proposed control strategy is a completely decentralized control scheme, and frequency recovery can be achieved without any communication.
2. The device for decentralized frequency recovery control of a tandem micro grid according to claim 1, wherein: the control unit comprises the series micro-grid distributed frequency recovery control method.
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