CN116759618A - Medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116759618A
CN116759618A CN202310464029.4A CN202310464029A CN116759618A CN 116759618 A CN116759618 A CN 116759618A CN 202310464029 A CN202310464029 A CN 202310464029A CN 116759618 A CN116759618 A CN 116759618A
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film
bcy
bace
composite electrolyte
electrolyte
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Inventor
崔大安
渠心怡
纪玉龙
时永强
师帅帅
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Dalian Maritime University
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Dalian Maritime University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of fuel cells. The electrolyte film is formed on the surface of ceramic, and comprises a composite film formed by alternately compositing a barium cerium oxide electrolyte film and a barium zirconium oxide electrolyte film, wherein the innermost layer of the electrolyte is BaCe 1‑ x Y x O 3‑δ (BCY) film deposition on anode substrate, baZr 1‑ x Y x O 3‑δ (BZY) deposition on BaCe 1‑x Y x O 3‑δ On the surface, the outermost layer after alternate compounding is BaZr 1‑x Y x O 3‑δ Film, baZr 1‑x Y x O 3‑δ Can protect BaCe 1‑x Y x O 3‑δ Is effective in (1). The techniques for preparing electrolyte films are largely divided into two main categories: wet chemical methods involving sol-gelA method, a casting method, a slurry coating method and a spraying method; another type of technique is vacuum deposition, including physical vapor deposition (sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying, etc.) and chemical vapor deposition. The use of the composite electrolyte film greatly improves the conductivity, reduces the ohmic loss to the minimum and improves the battery performance.

Description

Medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
To achieve the development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), a critical factor is to reduce the operating temperature of the SOFCs. However, if the conventional electrolyte material is used for manufacturing the battery, the development of low temperature tends to cause a great reduction in conductivity, and the development of high-conductivity electrolyte material and electrolyte film is a key for solving the ohmic loss caused by low temperature in the working temperature, so that the development of the electrolyte material of the novel solid oxide fuel battery capable of operating in the medium-low temperature environment has very important application significance.
In recent years, more proton conductor ceramic fuel cell electrolyte materials are used, BCY and BZY. BaZrO 3 The matrix subconductors have better chemical and mechanical strength, but high grain boundary resistance results in lower electrical conductivity and poorer sinterability. Whereas BaCeO 3 The matrix subconductors have a relatively high electrical conductivity (about 0.01S/cm at 600 ℃) but contain CO 2 And H 2 And O is easily decomposed in the atmosphere.
The current techniques for preparing electrolyte films fall into two main categories: wet chemical methods including sol-gel, casting, slurry coating, spraying; another type of technique is vacuum deposition, including physical vapor deposition (sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying, etc.) and chemical vapor deposition.
Because of the low or unstable conductivity of the materials, the development of proton ceramic fuel cells with high efficiency, high conductivity, low cost and the like is a great challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a proton-conducting double-layer or multi-layer composite electrolyte film which is well combined with a matrix, has high compactness and can reach higher conductivity.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and controllable thickness of the prepared composite electrolyte film.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
a composite electrolyte film of medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell is prepared from BaCe 1- x Y x O 3-δ And BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ The composite electrolyte film is formed by compounding and alternation, the number of layers of the composite electrolyte film is at least two, and the innermost layer is BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film; outermost layer BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film wherein 0.1 < x < 0.3 and delta is varied according to x variation.
Further, the total thickness of the composite film is more than 5 μm and less than 20 μm.
Further, the innermost layer BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ The thickness of the film is 5-10 mu m;
the thickness of the BaZr1-xYxO 3-delta film adjacent to the innermost layer BaCe1-xYxO 3-delta film is 10-200nm;
the thickness of the rest film is 10-100nm.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adopting a tape casting method to cast BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ Powder and NiO powder and starch according to the mass ratio of 40:60: uniformly mixing 10-20 mechanically to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder;
step 2, preparing a BCY film as a first layer electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method, so that a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode can be obtained, and sintering for 4-5 hours at 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a compact half-cell structure of the BCY electrolyte layer;
step 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 4, depositing a layer of BCY film on the BZY film by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 5, preparing a BZY film on the surface of the BCY film according to the process of the step 3;
step 6, repeating the step 4 and the step 5 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ /BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-delta-multiple A proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
Further, the wet chemical method in the step 2 includes a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method, a spraying method.
Further, the physical vapor deposition technique includes sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a novel composite film, wherein BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ And BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ Both the materials belong to calcium-titanium ceramic materials, and the combination of the two materials is applied to a proton conductor electrolyte film, so that the interface effect of the composite film can greatly improve the conductivity, minimize the ohmic loss and improve the performance of the battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite electrolyte membrane for a medium temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an anode substrate; 2. a BCY layer; 3. BZY layer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be clear that the dimensions of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film, which is formed by BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ And BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ The composite electrolyte film is formed by compounding and alternation, the number of layers of the composite electrolyte film is at least two, namely double layers or multiple layers, and the innermost layer is BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film; outermost layer BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film wherein 0.1 < x < 0.3 and delta is varied according to x variation.
Further, the total thickness of the composite film is more than 5 μm and less than 20 μm.
Further, the innermost layer BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ The thickness of the film is 5-10 mu m;
the thickness of the rest film is 10-100nm.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the film includes a composite electrolyte film formed in this order on an anode substrate 1, the number of layers of the composite electrolyte film being 6, wherein BCY2 is located near the innermost layer of the anode substrate and BZY3 is located at the outermost layer.
Specifically, the first layer is a BCY electrolyte layer with the thickness of 5-10 mu m;
the second layer is a BZY electrolyte layer with the thickness of 10-200nm;
the third layer is a BCY electrolyte layer with the thickness of 10-100nm;
the fourth layer is a BZY electrolyte layer with the thickness of 10-100nm;
the fifth layer is a BCY electrolyte layer with the thickness of 10-100nm;
the sixth layer is BZY electrolyte layer with thickness of 10-100nm.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film, which comprises the following steps:
step (a)1. BaCe is cast 1-x Y x O 3-δ Powder and NiO powder and starch according to the mass ratio of 40:60: uniformly mixing 10-20 mechanically to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder;
step 2, preparing a BCY film as a first layer electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method, so that a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode can be obtained, and sintering for 4-5 hours at 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a compact half-cell structure of the BCY electrolyte layer;
step 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 4, depositing a layer of BCY film on the BZY film by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 5, preparing a BZY film on the surface of the BCY film according to the process of the step 3;
step 6, repeating the step 4 and the step 5 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ /BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-delta-multiple A proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
Further, the wet chemical method in the step 2 includes a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method, a spraying method.
Further, the physical vapor deposition technique includes sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying.
Example 1
Step 1, adopting a tape casting method to mix BCY powder with NiO powder and starch according to a mass ratio of 40:60: and 20, mechanically and uniformly mixing to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder.
And 2, preparing a BCY film serving as a first layer of electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method (including a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method and a spraying method), so that a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode can be obtained, and sintering for 5 hours at 1400 ℃ to obtain a half-cell structure with a compact BCY electrolyte layer.
And 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology (sputtering, pulse laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying method and the like). The specific process comprises the following steps: using KrF excimer laser with emission wavelength of 248nm, and dry pressing target materialBZY powder is sintered for 8 hours at 1550 ℃. Vacuum-pumping the cavity to 9.8X10 -4 Pa, heating the substrate to 600 ℃, and setting the laser energy density to 3J cm -2 The pulse frequency is 10Hz, and when the oxygen partial pressure is controlled to be 5Pa, a BZY film is deposited, and the thickness of the BZY film is controlled to be 200nm.
And 4, preparing a BCY film on the surface of the BZY film according to the process of the step 3.
Step 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ /BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ A multi-layer proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
Step 6, measuring that the OCV of the composite electrolyte film is 1.05V at 600 ℃ and the maximum power density is 500mW cm -2 The conductivity is 0.015S/cm, the compactness is about 98%, the Faraday efficiency is 93%, and no obvious defects and gaps exist when a scanning electron microscope image of a sintered sheet sample is observed.
Example 2
Step 1, adopting a tape casting method to mix BCY powder with NiO powder and starch according to a mass ratio of 40:60: and 20, mechanically and uniformly mixing to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder.
And 2, preparing a BCY film serving as a first layer of electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method (including a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method and a spraying method), so that a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode can be obtained, and sintering for 5 hours at 1400 ℃ to obtain a half-cell structure with a compact BCY electrolyte layer.
And 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology (sputtering, pulse laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying method and the like). The specific process comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting a KrF excimer laser with the emission wavelength of 248nm, and sintering the target material for 8 hours at 1550 ℃ after dry pressing BZY powder. Vacuum-pumping the cavity to 9.8X10 -4 Pa, heating the substrate to 600 ℃, and setting the laser energy density to 3J cm -2 The pulse frequency was 10Hz, and BZY film was deposited at an oxygen partial pressure of 5Pa, and the thickness of the BZY film was controlled to 100nm.
And 4, preparing a BCY film on the surface of the BZY film according to the process of the step 3.
Step 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ /BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ A multi-layer proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
Step 6, measuring that the OCV of the composite electrolyte film is 1.08V at 600 ℃ and the maximum power density is 700mW cm -2 The conductivity is 0.0144S/cm, the compactness is about 97%, the Faraday efficiency is 92%, and no obvious defects or gaps exist when a scanning electron microscope image of a sintered sheet sample is observed.
Example 3
Step 1, adopting a tape casting method to mix BCY powder with NiO powder and starch according to a mass ratio of 40:60: and 10, mechanically and uniformly mixing to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder.
And 2, preparing a BCY film serving as a first layer of electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method (including a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method and a spraying method), so that a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode can be obtained, and sintering for 4 hours at 1500 ℃ to obtain a half-cell structure with a compact BCY electrolyte layer.
And 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology (sputtering, pulse laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying method and the like). The specific process comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting a KrF excimer laser with the emission wavelength of 248nm, and sintering the target material for 8 hours at 1550 ℃ after dry pressing BZY powder. Vacuum-pumping the cavity to 9.8X10 -4 Pa, heating the substrate to 600 ℃, and setting the laser energy density to 3J cm -2 The pulse frequency was 10Hz, and BZY film was deposited at an oxygen partial pressure of 5Pa, and the thickness of the BZY film was controlled to 70nm.
And 4, preparing a BCY film on the surface of the BZY film according to the process of the step 3.
Step 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ /BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3-δ A multi-layer proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
Step 6, measuring that the OCV of the composite electrolyte film is 1.06V at 600 ℃ and the maximum power density is 600mW cm -2 The conductivity is 0.014S/cm, the compactness is about 97%, the Faraday efficiency is 92%, and no obvious defects or gaps exist when a scanning electron microscope image of a sintered sheet sample is observed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A composite electrolyte film of a medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell is characterized in that the electrolyte film is formed by BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ And BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ The composite electrolyte film is formed by compounding and alternation, the number of layers of the composite electrolyte film is at least two, and the innermost layer is BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film; outermost layer BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-δ A film wherein 0.1 < x < 0.3 and delta is varied according to x variation.
2. The medium temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte membrane of claim 1, wherein the composite membrane has a total thickness of greater than 5 μιη and less than 20 μιη.
3. The medium temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte membrane of claim 1, wherein the innermost layer BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ The thickness of the film is 5-10 mu m;
BaZr adjacent to the innermost BaCe1-xYxO 3-delta film 1-x Y x O 3-δ The thickness of the film is 10-200nm;
the thickness of the rest film is 10-100nm.
4. A method for producing the medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1, adopting a tape casting method to cast BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ Powder and NiO powder and starch according to the mass ratio of 40:60: uniformly mixing 10-20 mechanically to obtain NiO-BCY anode powder;
step 2, preparing a BCY film as a first layer electrolyte by adopting a wet chemical method to obtain a half-cell taking NiO-BCY as an anode, and sintering for 4-5 hours at 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a compact half-cell structure of the BCY electrolyte layer;
step 3, depositing a BZY film on the BCY half cell by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 4, depositing a layer of BCY film on the BZY film by adopting a physical vapor deposition technology;
step 5, preparing a BZY film on the surface of the BCY film according to the process of the step 3;
step 6, repeating the step 4 and the step 5 in sequence to finally obtain BaCe 1-x Y x O 3-δ /BaZr 1-x Y x O 3-delta-multiple A proton-conducting composite electrolyte membrane.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the wet chemical method in step 2 comprises a sol-gel method, a casting method, a slurry coating method, a spraying method.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the physical vapor deposition technique comprises sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vacuum plasma spraying.
CN202310464029.4A 2023-04-26 2023-04-26 Medium-temperature proton conductor oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte film and manufacturing method thereof Pending CN116759618A (en)

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CN116759618A true CN116759618A (en) 2023-09-15

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