CN116755256A - Diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device for all-fiber sidelobe suppression - Google Patents
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/25—Preparing the ends of light guides for coupling, e.g. cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-fiber sidelobe suppression diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device. The method is characterized in that: the device consists of a single-mode fiber (1), a multimode fiber (2), a metal film (3) and a nanometer petal structure (4). The multimode optical fiber (2) is welded on the single-mode optical fiber (1) and plays a role in expanding a transmission light field in the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber (1). The metal film (3) is plated on the end face of the multimode optical fiber (2). The nanometer petal structure (4) is etched on the metal film (3). The transmission light field expanded by the multimode optical fiber (2) irradiates on the nanometer petal structure (4) to excite the plasma wave, and the plasma wave is radiated and output by the nanometer petal structure (4) to generate a diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with side lobe suppression. The invention can obtain a diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with side lobe suppression on the end face of an optical fiber, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber microstructure devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-fiber sidelobe-suppressed diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device, which can emit a sidelobe-suppressed diffraction-free super-oscillation light field at the end face of an optical fiber and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber microstructure devices.
Background
Due to the diffraction limit, the resolution of conventional optical microscopy imaging cannot be less than half the wavelength of incident light. Super-resolution microscopic imaging can be realized by using the light beam breaking through the diffraction limit as an illumination light source. Therefore, the light beam breaking through the diffraction limit has important value in the field of super-resolution microscopic imaging. The super-oscillating light field is a light field that breaks through the diffraction limit (adv. Photon.3,045002 (2021)), and confocal microscopy systems developed using the super-oscillating light field have achieved optical resolution of λ/6 (nat. Mater.11432 (2012)). However, the conventional super-oscillating optical field is inevitably accompanied by high-intensity side lobes, which have severely limited further enhancement of microscopic imaging resolution. Therefore, the development of a sidelobe-suppressed super-oscillating light field generating device is significant for further improving the resolution of microscopic imaging.
On the other hand, in recent years, there have been proposed a number of superoscillating optical diffraction elements integrated on a chip to generate a superoscillating optical field. Although these devices can achieve high integration, they have drawbacks in practical applications. Because in practical applications, a light microscope is usually required to construct a strictly aligned light path to irradiate incident light onto a corresponding integrated device, which is disadvantageous for some specific application scenarios. For example, in super-resolution imaging applications, especially when super-resolution is performed on particles in a biological tissue solution, the on-chip integrated devices are required to be placed in the tissue solution, which presents a great challenge for alignment of light paths, and meanwhile, various scattering of incident light by the tissue solution also significantly affects the quality of a generated light field, so that the quality of the generated light field cannot reach a breakthrough diffraction limit, thus being very unfavorable for practical application.
2022 discloses a polarization-independent super-resolution lens and a manufacturing method thereof (Chinese patent: CN 114966916A), which presents a super-resolution lens diffraction-free focusing; 2021 proposes a design method of super-oscillating diffraction optical element group for eliminating zero-order light (chinese patent: CN113960785 a), which realizes that zero-order light can be eliminated by a polarizer, and only light waves with modulated phases remain; the method and the device for generating the non-diffraction light beam disclosed in 2022 (Chinese patent: CN 202210969804.7) utilize a phase mask plate to generate the required non-diffraction light beam; 2021 discloses single-fiber optical tweezers based on optical sharp edge diffraction (chinese patent: CN113764116 a), which utilize optical sharp edge diffraction to realize an optical fiber non-diffracted light field; in 2019, a system and a method for eliminating side lobes of a super-oscillation light spot are provided (China patent: CN 110361862A), and a super-oscillation light field for suppressing the side lobes of the super-oscillation on a chip is realized. However, the above-mentioned super-oscillating device generating side lobe suppression is prepared on a chip, which limits flexibility in practical application.
Optical fiber is another important light field manipulation platform (Adv Photo Res 2,2100100 (2021)) that is distinguished from on-chip integrated optical platforms. On one hand, the optical fiber device has small volume and can be integrated; on the other hand, the optical fiber limits the optical field to be transmitted in the fiber core, so that the optical fiber device has the characteristics of easiness in remote control and strong anti-interference capability, and can be particularly inserted into a complex space and a turbid medium, thereby greatly improving the adaptability of an application scene. In addition, the bendable characteristic of the optical fiber device enables the optical fiber device to have high application flexibility. Therefore, the generation device for developing the full-optical fiber breaking through diffraction limit light beam can effectively avoid the defects of the on-chip integrated device in super-resolution imaging application of particles in biological tissue solution.
Based on the background, the development of the diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device with all-fiber sidelobe suppression has very important significance. The laser transmits and expands the light field by means of a single-mode fiber and a multimode fiber, and then can radiate and output a diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with side lobe suppression through a fiber end micro-nano structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-fiber sidelobe suppression diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the invention consists of a single-mode fiber 1, a multimode fiber 2, a metal film 3 and a nanometer petal structure 4. The multimode optical fiber is welded on the single-mode optical fiber and plays a role in expanding the transmission optical field in the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber. The metal film is plated on the end face of the multimode optical fiber. The nanometer petal structure is etched on the metal film. The transmission light field expanded by the multimode optical fiber irradiates on the nanometer petal structure to excite the plasma wave, the plasma wave is then radiated and output by the nanometer petal structure, the half-width of a central light spot of the light field is smaller than 1/2 times of the wavelength of incident light in a far field, the breakthrough diffraction limit is generated, and the first-stage side lobe light intensity and the central light spot value of the traditional super-oscillation light field are compared to obtain the diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with side lobe suppression.
The diffraction-free super-oscillation light field for realizing suppression of the radiation output side lobe of the fiber end mainly comprises two parts, wherein the first part is a beam expansion light field for transmitting laser in a single-mode fiber and in a multimode fiber, and the purpose is to realize ultra-long-distance transmission and beam light field expansion of an incident light source. The second part is a nanometer petal structure of transmitting light field to irradiate on the surface of the metal film, and aims to realize diffraction-free super-oscillating light field of the emergent side lobe suppression of the end face of the optical fiber.
The invention provides a superoscillation nanometer petal structure integrated on the end face of an optical fiber, wherein the petal aperture number is N, N is more than or equal to 2, and the superoscillation nanometer petal structure is used for exciting a superoscillation diffraction-free light field for sidelobe suppression.
The all-fiber device provided by the invention adopts the single-mode fiber to conduct light beams, and the light beam mode field in the multi-mode fiber beam-expanding fiber is used for enabling the all-fiber structure to have a better beam-expanding effect, wherein the length of the multi-mode fiber welded by the single-mode fiber is D, and D is less than or equal to 500 mu m.
The invention provides a metal film substrate integrated on the end face of an optical fiber, which is used for exciting surface plasma waves, wherein the adopted metal film is a gold film, the thickness of the gold film is H, H is more than or equal to 50nm and less than or equal to 300nm, and the excellent excitation effect can be generated.
According to the Rayleigh-Soxhlet diffraction formula, the transmission light field passes through the designed nanometer petal structure, the light spot size in the center of the light field at the position of the radiation output distance of 4 to 10 microns from the end face is smaller than 1/2 wavelength of incident light, and the far field breakthrough diffraction limit is realized. According to the rayleigh-solfei diffraction equation, the optical field radiation output from the fiber end can be expressed as:
in the present invention, the structure of the nano-petal structure (4) is preferably a four-petal structure. First, the central axis of the end face of the optical fiber is taken as the center of a circle, r 1 ，r 2 Drawing solid circles C for radii 1 And a dotted line circle C 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the radius is r 2 C of (2) 2 The circle is moved by dx microns in the positive x-axis direction and the negative x-axis direction respectively to obtain circle C 3 And C 4 And round C 3 And C 4 Middle and round C 1 Etching off the gold film at the disjoint part to form left and right nanometer petals; then the radius is r 2 C of (2) 2 Circles are moved dy microns along the positive y-axis direction and the negative y-axis direction respectively to obtain circles C 5 And C 6 And round C 5 And C 6 Middle and round C 1 The gold film of the disjoint portion is etched to form upper and lower nano petals, thereby finally obtaining a nano petal structure with 4 petals (see fig. 2).
The mathematical expression of the aperture function of the fiber end petal structure is as follows:
where λ is the wavelength of light, k=nk 0 N is the refractive index, k of the environment medium in which the optical fiber end is located 0 Is the wave vector in vacuum, f (x, y) is the mode field distribution function of the z=0 plane (i.e. multimode fiber output facet), p= [ (x-x ') + (y-y') + z) 2 ] 1/2 C (x, y) is the pore size function of the fiber end nano petal structure.
According to the formula (1), different fiber end output light fields can be obtained by designing different super-oscillation aperture functions C (x, y).
In the invention, 980nm wavelength laser is preferably used as an incident light source, and when a light beam is coupled to a graded index multimode fiber from a single mode fiber, the simulation result of the intensity distribution of an XZ plane light field in the fiber is shown in fig. 3, so that the light beam in the fiber can be expanded to the maximum when the graded index multimode fiber with the length of 240-260 μm is welded on the single mode fiber.
In the invention, parameters such as the thickness of a metal film on the end face of an optical fiber, the depth and the width of a nano groove plasma antenna, the depth and the diameter of a nano small hole of the nano plasma antenna can obviously influence the excitation efficiency of a plasma field, and the maximum excitation efficiency can be obtained by optimizing the parameters aiming at a specific excitation wavelength (980 nm is taken as an example here). Taking optimized parameters of the nano-slot as an example, we use FDTD software to build a simulation model of the nano-slot, and simulate to obtain an electric field intensity distribution diagram of plasma wave generated by exciting the nano-slot by 980nm wavelength incident light, wherein the electric field intensity of input light is set to be 1V/m. The parameters of the nano-slot are continuously optimized through wavelength scanning simulation, and finally, when the width of the slit is about 50nm and the depth of the slit is about 250nm, the highest plasma excitation efficiency is achieved by adopting the incident light with the wavelength of 980 nm.
The preparation of the all-fiber diffraction-limit-breakthrough diffraction-free light beam generating device provided by the invention mainly comprises the following 3 steps: post-treatment and welding of the optical fiber, coating of a gold film on the end face of the optical fiber and focused ion beam etching of the end face of the optical fiber. Firstly, a single-mode fiber is welded with a multimode fiber with a specific length, then the fiber is fixed by a fiber clamp, then the fiber is vertically arranged on a grinding disc of a grinding device, the grinding disc is connected with a direct current motor to drive the fiber to rotate around a central axis, and a smooth fiber end plane can be obtained through the rotation grinding of the fiber clamp and the grinding disc. After the optical fiber is polished, a layer of metal film with the thickness of 100-200 nanometers is plated on the polished multimode optical fiber end face by utilizing an ion sputtering coating method. And finally, etching the nano petal superoscillation structure on the optical fiber end metal film by utilizing a focused ion beam etching method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional super-oscillation light field, the super-oscillation light field generated by the all-fiber side lobe suppressed diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device has the side lobe suppression effect.
2. Compared with the existing on-chip integrated super-oscillation optical diffraction element, the diffraction-free super-oscillation optical field generating device for all-fiber sidelobe suppression has the characteristics of easy remote control and strong anti-interference capability because light is limited to be transmitted in an optical fiber core in practical application, is not required to be aligned strictly, and can be inserted into complex space and turbid medium, so that the diffraction-free super-oscillation optical field generating device has good adaptability in various complex application scenes.
Drawings
In order to more particularly and clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described, and the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber sidelobe suppression diffraction-free super-oscillating optical field generating device provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a construction mode of an optical fiber end nano petal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a simulation graph of the intensity distribution of the XZ plane optical field inside an optical fiber when 980nm wavelength light beams provided by an embodiment of the invention are coupled to a graded-index multimode fiber by a single mode fiber.
FIG. 4 shows the distribution of the electric field intensity of the plasma at the fiber end when different wavelengths of incident light are irradiated to the nano-groove structure at the fiber end, wherein (a) the distribution of the electric field intensity of the plasma at the parameters of the nano-groove is excited by the incident light with the wavelength of 980nm, and (b) the electric field intensity of the plasma generated at the edge points of the nano-groove is excited by the incident light with different wavelengths after the parameters of the nano-groove are optimized.
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of the intensity distribution of the emergent light field at the fiber end of an all-fiber device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the intensity distribution diagram of the normalized light field in the XZ plane; wherein (b 1), (b 2), (b 3) and (b 4) are respectively the XY plane normalized light field intensity distribution diagrams at the positions of 4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns and 7 microns from the end face of the optical fiber; wherein (c 1), (c 2), (c 3) and (c 4) are respectively the intensity distribution diagrams of the optical field on the X axis at the positions of 4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns and 7 microns from the end face of the optical fiber.
Fig. 6 is a ratio of the first-order sidelobe light intensity to the central light spot light intensity of the light intensity distribution on the x-axis at the position of z=1 to 10 micrometers in the emergent light field at the optical fiber end provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples. All other examples, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without undue burden based on the embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: an all-fiber sidelobe-suppressed diffraction-free super-oscillating optical field generating device.
In this embodiment, the structure of the diffraction-free super-oscillating light field generating device with all-fiber sidelobe suppression provided by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the diffraction-free super-oscillating light field generating device comprises a single-mode fiber 1, a multimode fiber 2, a metal film 3 and a nanometer petal structure 4. The single-mode fiber (1) is a commercial 980nm single-mode fiber, the multimode fiber (2) is a graded index fiber, and the metal film (3) is a gold film with the thickness of 100 nm.
In this embodiment, the nano-petal structure is constructed in the manner shown in FIG. 2, wherein r 1 ＝7μm，r 2 Respectively drawing solid circles C for radii of 5 μm 1 And a dotted line circle C 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Dotted circle C 2 Displacement distance dx=4 μm along positive and negative x-axis, displacement distance dy=4 μm along positive and negative y-axis; will displace the dotted line circle and the solid line circle C 1 The gold film at the disjoint part is etched to form 4 nanometer petals up, down, left and right, so that the nanometer petal structure with 4 petals is finally obtained.
In this embodiment, when 980nm wavelength light beam is coupled from a single mode fiber to a graded index multimode fiber, the simulation result of the intensity distribution of the XZ plane light field inside the fiber is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen that welding a 250 μm length graded index multimode fiber to the single mode fiber can maximize the beam expansion. In actual work, 980nm wavelength laser generated by the fiber laser is coupled into the multimode fiber 2 through the single-mode fiber 1, is irradiated on the nanometer petal structure 4 to excite plasma waves after being expanded by the multimode fiber 2, and then the plasma waves are radiated and output through the nanometer petal structure 4 to regulate and control a diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with side lobe suppression.
In this embodiment, the light intensity distribution of the emergent light field at the fiber end is calculated according to the formula (1) as shown in fig. 5. Where fig. 5 (a) is a light intensity distribution diagram of the outgoing light field in the XZ plane, it can be seen that the outgoing light field has a diffraction-free characteristic. Fig. 5 (b 1), 5 (b 2), 5 (b 3) and 5 (b 4) are normalized light intensity distribution diagrams in the XY plane at z=4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns and 7 microns respectively, and it can be seen that the light field has lower first-stage side lobe intensities in the positive and negative x-axis directions and the positive and negative y-axis directions, and has side lobe suppression effect; fig. 5 (c 1), 5 (c 2), 5 (c 3) and 5 (c 4) are the x-axis intensity profiles at z=4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns, 7 microns, respectively. It can be seen that the half-widths of the output light fields at z=4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns and 7 microns are 403nm (0.41 λ), 428nm (0.436 λ), 456nm (0.465 λ), 488nm (0.497 λ), respectively, so the output light field is a non-diffracting super-oscillating light field.
In this embodiment, the sidelobe suppression effect of the present invention may be evaluated by calculating the ratio of the first-order sidelobe light intensity to the central light spot light intensity and comparing the ratio with the ratio of the first-order sidelobe light intensity to the central light spot light intensity of the conventional super-oscillating light field. As shown in fig. 6, for the ratio of the intensity of the first-order side lobe to the intensity of the central spot of the light intensity distribution on the x-axis of the outgoing light field at a distance of 1 to 10 microns from the fiber end face, it can be seen that the intensity ratio of the first-order side lobe to the intensity of the central spot at the z=7 microns is reduced to 0.08, which is significantly lower than the intensity ratio of the first-order side lobe to the intensity ratio of the central spot in the conventional super-oscillating light field (appl. Phys. Lett.98,241103 (2011)), (photon. Res.10,1924 (2022)), (opt. Lett.47,3219 (2022)). Therefore, the super-oscillating light field generated by the invention has obvious side lobe suppression effect.
Claims (5)
1. The diffraction-free super-oscillation light field generating device with all-fiber sidelobe suppression is characterized in that: the device consists of a single-mode fiber (1), a multimode fiber (2), a metal film (3) and a nanometer petal structure (4); the multimode optical fiber (2) is welded on the single-mode optical fiber (1) and plays a role in expanding a transmission light field in a fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber (1); the metal film (3) is plated on the end face of the multimode optical fiber (2); the nanometer petal structure (4) is etched on the metal film (3); the transmission light field expanded by the multimode optical fiber (2) irradiates on the nanometer petal structure (4) to excite the plasma wave, and the plasma wave is radiated and output by the nanometer petal structure (4) to generate a diffraction-free super-oscillation light field with a sidelobe suppression effect, namely the central light spot size of the emergent light field is smaller than 1/2 of the wavelength value of the incident light, and meanwhile, the light intensity suppression effect on the first-stage sidelobes of the light field is realized.
2. An all-fiber sidelobe canceling, non-diffracting, super-oscillating optical field generating device of claim 1, wherein: the petal aperture number of the fiber end nanometer petal structure (4) is N, and N is more than or equal to 2.
3. An all-fiber sidelobe canceling, non-diffracting, super-oscillating optical field generating device of claim 1, wherein: the length of the multimode fiber (2) welded by the single-mode fiber (1) is D, and D is less than or equal to 500 mu m.
4. An all-fiber sidelobe canceling, non-diffracting, super-oscillating optical field generating device of claim 1, wherein: the metal film (3) may be gold, silver or other material capable of exciting surface plasmon waves.
5. An all-fiber sidelobe canceling, non-diffracting, super-oscillating optical field generating device of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the metal film (3) coated on the end face of the optical fiber is H, and H is more than or equal to 50nm and less than or equal to 300nm.
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