CN116749709A - Crew cabin cooling and heating method and automobile based on local thermal comfort characteristics of human body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a passenger cabin cooling and heating method and an automobile based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body. It belongs to the field of automobile development technology and solves the problem that the current global ventilation strategy for the passenger cabin consumes a lot of energy and cannot simultaneously satisfy the thermal comfort of occupants in different sitting positions and their different body parts. For automobiles using the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body, corresponding independent air outlets are set for each seating position according to the key parts of cooling and heating thermal comfort, and the airflow is reasonably organized for the thermal comfort parts through the ceiling and dashboard air outlets to cool or heat the head and chest. The temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and smart seats can cool or heat the hands and back. The front apron and the bottom or side of the front seat Air outlets are arranged to cool or heat the feet, quickly improving the thermal comfort of the occupants in a short period of time.

Description

Crew cabin cooling and heating method and automobile based on local thermal comfort characteristics of human body

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile development, and in particular relates to a passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body and an automobile.

Background technique

When a car is driving or parking, the thermal environment in the passenger compartment shows significant non-uniform characteristics, and the physiological thermal regulation characteristics of different body parts of the human body and their thermal response to environmental loads are different. In a hot environment, the local thermal sensations are closer, and the head and the whole body feel hotter. In a cold environment, the skin temperatures of various parts are obviously different, and the body's metabolic heat cannot be transferred to the distal parts through blood circulation in time. , causing the skin temperature to be low and the limbs to feel colder. However, the current global ventilation strategy adopted for passenger cabin thermal environment management consumes a lot of energy, and the air temperature and airflow velocity distribution in some riding spaces are not reasonable enough, making it impossible to satisfy different needs at the same time. The key technical problem is the thermal comfort of the occupants and their different body parts in the seating position.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the existing technical problems, the present invention provides a passenger cabin cooling and heating method and an automobile based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body, which can perform regional management of air temperature and air flow characteristics in different seating positions, and according to the occupant Thermal needs meet the thermal comfort of occupants in different seating positions, and the climate control range is focused on the space where the occupants are located, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and improve energy utilization.

Cars that use the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body are equipped with corresponding independent air outlets and return air outlets for each riding position according to the key parts of cooling and heating thermal comfort, and the airflow is reasonably organized for the thermal comfort parts. , cooling or heating the head and chest through the ceiling and dashboard air outlets, cooling or heating the hands and back through the temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and smart seats, and cooling or heating through the front apron and the bottom of the front seats. Or arrange the air outlets laterally to cool or heat the feet, quickly improving the thermal comfort of the occupants in a short time.

Furthermore, each seat is equipped with corresponding position sensors, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, humidity sensors and infrared thermal sensing modules, and includes a control module.

Position sensors are used to obtain the number of occupants (including drivers and passengers) and their seating positions.

The temperature sensor is used to obtain the air temperature in the area where the occupants (including driver and passenger) are located.

The wind speed sensor is used to obtain the airflow speed in the area where the occupants (including driver and passenger) are located.

The humidity sensor is used to obtain the relative humidity of the air in the area where the occupants (including the driver and passengers) are located.

The infrared thermal sensing module monitors human skin temperature or surface temperature distribution of body parts.

The above control module has human body thermal comfort assessment function and intelligent computing function.

The human body thermal comfort evaluation function evaluates the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index (including overall thermal comfort index) of the occupants (including the driver and passengers) based on the information collected by the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, humidity sensor and in-car infrared thermal sensing module. Feeling index, local thermal feeling index, overall thermal comfort index and local thermal comfort index), calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed corresponding to the air outlet at the passenger's position, and estimate the cooling or heating temperature of the smart steering wheel and smart seat value, and reasonably allocate cooling or heating energy to different areas where the occupants are located.

The intelligent calculation function compares the thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index manually input by the occupants with the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index, and calculates the air supply temperature and air supply speed of each air outlet at the occupant's location, smart steering wheel and seat Optimize the cooling or heating temperature of the chair and adjust the air supply temperature and air speed of each air outlet in real time to achieve personalized local climate control.

Includes the following steps:

S1. Obtain the number of occupants (including drivers and passengers), seating position information, and air temperature, air flow velocity and surface temperature information in the area where they are located.

S2. The control module starts the automatic operation mode based on the received information about the number of occupants (including the driver and passengers) and their seating positions, and turns on the corresponding air ducts and air outlets or cooling/heating switches where the occupants (including the driver and passengers) are located. The corresponding air ducts and air outlets or cooling/heating switches in unoccupied positions remain closed.

S3. The infrared thermal sensing module monitors the surface temperature of the human body, obtains information on the thermal or cold discomfort parts of the occupants in different sitting positions and inputs it into the control module to evaluate the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index (including Overall thermal feeling index, local thermal feeling index, overall thermal comfort index and local thermal comfort index), calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed corresponding to the air outlet at the passenger's position, and estimate the cooling or heating temperature of the smart steering wheel and seat value, and reasonably allocate cooling or heating energy to different areas where the occupants are located.

S4. The air supply temperature and air supply speed corresponding to the air outlet where the occupant is located, and the cooling or heating temperature of the smart steering wheel and smart seat will cool or heat the human body according to the estimated value.

S5. If the occupants are not satisfied with the cooling or heating effect of the current environment, they can manually input the thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index. The control module will combine the thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index manually input by the occupants with the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index. Compare and calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed of each air outlet at the passenger's position, as well as the optimized values of the smart steering wheel and seat cooling or heating temperature, and adjust the air supply temperature and air supply speed of each air outlet and the smart steering wheel in real time. and intelligent seat cooling or heating temperatures to enable personalized localized climate control of the passenger compartment.

Furthermore, each seat is equipped with corresponding position sensors, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, humidity sensors and infrared thermal sensing modules.

Position sensors are used to obtain the number of occupants (including drivers and passengers) and their seating positions.

The temperature sensor is used to obtain the air temperature in the area where the occupants (including driver and passenger) are located.

The wind speed sensor is used to obtain the airflow speed in the area where the occupants (including driver and passenger) are located.

The humidity sensor is used to obtain the relative humidity of the air in the area where the occupants (including the driver and passengers) are located.

The infrared thermal sensing module monitors human skin temperature or surface temperature distribution of body parts.

Furthermore, the control module has a human body thermal comfort evaluation function and an intelligent computing function. The human body thermal comfort evaluation function evaluates the occupants (including the driver) based on the information collected by the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, humidity sensor and in-car infrared thermal sensing module. and passengers)'s initial thermal feeling index and thermal comfort index (including overall thermal feeling index, local thermal feeling index, overall thermal comfort index and local thermal comfort index), the intelligent calculation function calculates the air supply temperature corresponding to the air outlet at the passenger's location It also estimates the air supply speed, intelligent steering wheel and seat cooling or heating temperatures, and reasonably allocates cooling or heating energy to different occupant locations.

Furthermore, the control module controls the air outlets of the ceiling and dashboard to cool or heat the head and chest, and cools or heats the hands and back through the temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and smart seats. Air outlets are arranged at the bottom or side of the row of seats to cool or heat the feet.

The passenger cabin cooling and heating method and automobile provided by the present invention based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body are based on the application of the regional thermal environment management technology of the passenger cabin and further consider the thermal response differences and thermal response differences of different body parts of the human body. Demand and thermal preferences. The regionalized thermal environment management technology for the crew cabin refers to a thermal management mechanism that focuses the climate control range on the space where the crew is located and controls the climate of the crew cabin in regions, based on the "heat-flow" characteristics of the micro-environment around the crew. (i.e., temperature distribution and air flow state) as the control object, cooling or heating the occupants in different sitting positions, so that the airflow can be reasonably organized to improve the temperature distribution and airflow velocity in the microenvironment around the human body, and improve the thermal comfort of the human body. This technology manages the air temperature and airflow characteristics in different seating positions in different areas to meet the thermal comfort of occupants in different seating positions according to the thermal needs of the occupants. The climate control range focuses on the space where the occupants are located, which can effectively reduce energy consumption. , Improve energy utilization.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. Focus the climate control range on the space where the occupants are located, control the cabin climate in different areas, and set corresponding independent air outlets and return air outlets for each seating position according to the key parts of cooling and heating thermal comfort, aiming at thermal comfort. The airflow is reasonably organized in various parts to meet the thermal comfort of occupants in different seating positions according to their thermal needs.

2. The climate control range focuses on the space where the occupants are located. When allocating the energy required for cooling or heating, only the location of the occupants needs to be considered. The corresponding air outlets or cooling/heating switches in unoccupied areas remain closed, which can effectively reduce energy consumption. , Improve energy utilization.

3. Taking into account the thermal response differences and thermal preferences of different body parts of the occupants, applying the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body provided by the present invention, the air temperature and air flow speed around the occupants will be appropriate, and the occupants will not be affected. It can satisfy the thermal comfort of different body parts of the occupants if they feel too cold or too hot, as well as the obvious uncomfortable blowing sensation.

Attached picture

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for cooling and heating a passenger cabin based on local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air outlet or cooling/heating position of the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the regionalized thermal environment management of the passenger cabin provided by the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the automobile global ventilation strategy, the passenger cabin regional thermal environment management technology and the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

Step S1: Obtain the number of occupants (including drivers and passengers), seating position information, and air temperature, airflow speed and surface temperature information of the area where they are located.

In some embodiments of the present invention, corresponding position sensors, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, humidity sensors and infrared thermal sensing modules are arranged on each seat. The position sensors are used to obtain the number of occupants (including drivers and passengers) and sitting position; the temperature sensor is used to obtain the air temperature in the area where the occupants (including the driver and passengers) are located; the wind speed sensor is used to obtain the air flow speed in the area where the occupants (including the driver and passengers) are located; the humidity sensor is used to Obtain the relative humidity of the air in the area where the occupants (including drivers and passengers) are located; the infrared thermal sensing module is used to monitor the human skin temperature or the surface temperature distribution of body parts.

Step S2: The control module starts the automatic operation mode based on the received number and seating position information of the occupants (including the driver and passengers), and turns on the air duct and air outlet or cooling/heating switch corresponding to the location of the occupants (including the driver and passengers). , the corresponding air ducts and air outlets or cooling/heating switches at the unoccupied position remain closed.

The control module has human body thermal comfort assessment function and intelligent computing function. In some embodiments of the present invention, the human body thermal comfort assessment function and the intelligent computing function can be integrated into the control module of the car itself.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the human body thermal comfort assessment function evaluates the initial thermal comfort of the occupants (including the driver and passengers) based on the received information collected by the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, humidity sensor and in-vehicle infrared thermal sensing module. Feeling index and thermal comfort index (including overall thermal feeling index, local thermal feeling index, overall thermal comfort index and local thermal comfort index), calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed corresponding to the air outlet at the occupant's location, smart steering wheel and smart Estimate the seat cooling or heating temperature, and reasonably allocate cooling or heating energy to different occupant locations. Among them, human body thermal comfort assessment and intelligent calculation all use existing calculation models, and the evaluation and calculation processes will not be described in detail here.

Step S3: The infrared thermal sensing module monitors the surface temperature of the human body, obtains the thermal discomfort or cold discomfort part information of the occupants in different sitting positions and inputs it into the control module to evaluate the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index of the occupants (including the driver and passengers). (Including overall thermal feeling index, local thermal feeling index, overall thermal comfort index and local thermal comfort index), calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed corresponding to the air outlet at the passenger's position, and the cooling or heating temperature of the smart steering wheel and smart seat The estimated value can reasonably allocate cooling or heating energy to different occupant locations.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the control module controls the ceiling and dashboard air outlets to cool or heat the head and chest, and the temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and seats can cool or heat the hands and back. Cooling or heating of the feet can be achieved through air outlets arranged at the bottom or side of the front apron and front seats. The temperature-controllable smart steering wheel and smart seats are existing technologies, and their specific structures and working principles will not be introduced here. The method of the present invention incorporates the differences in thermal responses of different body parts of the human body into the management of the thermal environment of the passenger cabin through a temperature-controllable smart steering wheel and smart seats.

Step S4: According to the air supply temperature and air supply speed of the air outlet corresponding to the position of the occupant, the temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and seat cool or heat the human body according to the estimated cooling or heating temperature.

Step S5. If the occupant is dissatisfied with the cooling or heating effect of the current environment, he or she can manually input the thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index. The control module will combine the thermal sensation index and thermal comfort index manually input by the occupant with the initial thermal sensation index and thermal comfort. The indices are compared to calculate the air supply temperature and air supply speed of each air outlet at the position of the occupant, and the optimized values of the smart steering wheel and seat cooling or heating temperatures (the optimization values are obtained by using the existing optimization iteration algorithm in the existing technology, The specific calculation process will not be described here), the air supply temperature and air speed of each air outlet, the cooling or heating temperature of the smart steering wheel and seats are adjusted in real time to achieve personalized local area climate control.

This invention takes into account the thermal response differences, thermal needs and thermal preferences of different body parts of the human body. The target key parts for cooling thermal comfort are the head, hands, chest and back, and the target key parts for heating thermal comfort are the head, hands. Head, feet, chest and back. Among them, in some embodiments of the present invention, the head prefers slightly cooler air. When the air flow temperature is 24°C to 28°C and the air flow speed is in the range of 0.6m/s to 1.4m/s, the head cooling effect is It has a significant impact on the overall thermal sensation of the human body and has a better effect on improving the thermal comfort of the human body.

In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the air outlet or cooling/heating position of the passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body. Key comfort parts (head, hands, chest and back) and target heating thermal comfort key parts (head, hands, feet, chest and back), corresponding independent outlets are set for each riding position. The air vents and return air vents organize the airflow around the human body. Air outlets are set on the ceiling to cool or heat the head and chest. The temperature-adjustable smart steering wheel and smart seats can cool or heat the hands and back. Air outlets are arranged at the bottom or sides of the front apron and front seats to cool or heat the feet. And independent air return vents can be designed for different sitting positions to organize airflow around the human body.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a car is also provided. The car is equipped with the method provided in the previous embodiment. In the car, the method can meet the thermal comfort of the occupants in different sitting positions according to the thermal needs of the occupants. sex.

The global ventilation strategy of the automobile takes the climate of the entire passenger cabin as the control object, cooling or heating the entire passenger cabin. The distribution of air temperature and air flow velocity in some riding spaces is unreasonable, and the occupants' needs for air temperature and air flow velocity are not considered. Certain local body parts often feel too cold or too hot, making it difficult to achieve thermal comfort that simultaneously satisfies occupants in different seating positions and their different body parts. In addition, in order to ensure that the thermal environment of the passenger cabin meets the thermal comfort of the occupants in a short period of time, the air supply temperature of the automobile air conditioning system is low in summer and high in winter, and the air supply speed is high, which requires a large amount of energy to be consumed to achieve the overall improvement of the passenger cabin. For the purpose of lowering or raising the temperature, for a non-full load situation with only a few drivers or passengers, part of the airflow is sent to the unoccupied area, which slows down the cooling or heating rate of the space near the drivers and passengers, essentially causing some energy to be lost. be effectively utilized. In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes the concept of regionalized thermal environment management technology for the passenger cabin. This technology is an effective balancing method to achieve energy conservation and satisfy the thermal comfort of the occupants. As shown in Figure 3, the regionalized thermal environment management technology for the crew cabin refers to a thermal management mechanism that focuses the climate control range on the space where the crew is located and controls the climate of the crew cabin in regions. "-flow" characteristics (i.e., temperature distribution and air flow state) are the control objects, cooling or heating the occupants in different sitting positions, and improving the temperature distribution and air flow velocity in the microenvironment around the human body by rationally organizing the air flow, thereby increasing the body's heat Comfort. This technology manages the air temperature and airflow characteristics in different seating positions in different areas to meet the thermal comfort of occupants in different seating positions according to the thermal needs of the occupants. The climate control range focuses on the space where the occupants are located, which can effectively reduce energy consumption. , Improve energy utilization. If only the regional thermal environment management technology of the crew cabin is used to control the climate of the crew cabin by region, the ventilation target range will focus on the space where the crew is located instead of focusing on the thermal needs of each body part of the human body. Although it can improve the environment around the crew to a certain extent. air flow state, but some local body parts of the occupants may still feel too cold or overheated, and the thermal comfort of different body parts of the occupants cannot be satisfied at the same time. Therefore, it is of great significance to consider the impact of differences in thermal response of different body parts of car occupants on their thermal comfort. On the basis of proposing regionalized thermal environment management technology for the passenger cabin, we further propose a cooling and heating system for the passenger cabin based on the local thermal comfort characteristics of the human body. Method, the relationship between this technology and the vehicle global ventilation strategy and passenger cabin regional thermal environment management technology mentioned above is summarized in Figure 4. Fully considering the comprehensive impact of the non-uniform "heat-flow" characteristics of the passenger cabin and the physiological thermal characteristics of the occupants on their thermal comfort, the airflow is organized for local cooling or local heating of key parts of the human body's thermal comfort to quickly lift the occupants in a short period of time. Thermal comfort.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be practiced in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort characteristic of the human body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

acquiring the number of passengers, riding position information and air temperature, air flow speed and surface temperature information of the area where the passengers are located;

when the control module receives the information of the number of passengers and the riding position, the control module controls and opens an air duct, an air outlet or a temperature control switch which are arranged corresponding to the position of the passengers;

the method comprises the steps of monitoring the surface temperature of a human body of an occupant in real time, acquiring information of uncomfortable hot or uncomfortable cold parts of the occupant at different riding positions, transmitting the information to a control module, evaluating initial thermal sensation indexes and thermal comfort indexes of the occupants by the control module, and calculating to obtain the air supply temperature and air supply speed of an air outlet corresponding to the position of the occupant, and the estimated values of the cooling or heating temperatures of an intelligent steering wheel and an intelligent seat;

the control module controls the air supply temperature and the air supply speed of the air outlet corresponding to the position of the passenger according to the predicted value, and the intelligent steering wheel and the seat are cooled or heated to cool or heat the human body.

2. The passenger cabin cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort feature of the human body according to claim 1, wherein a corresponding position sensor, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a humidity sensor and an infrared thermal sensing module are arranged on each seat, and the position sensor is used for acquiring the number of passengers and the riding position; the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the air temperature in the area where the passenger is located; the wind speed sensor is used for acquiring the air flow speed in the position area of the passenger; the humidity sensor is used for acquiring the relative humidity of the air in the position area where the passenger is located; the infrared thermal sensing module is used for monitoring the skin temperature of a human body or the surface temperature distribution condition of the body part.

3. The method of cooling and heating a passenger compartment based on localized thermal comfort features of claim 1, wherein the passenger comprises a driver and a passenger.

4. The passenger compartment cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort feature of the human body according to claim 1, wherein an independent air outlet and an independent air return are provided at each seating position to heat or cool a target heating thermal comfort critical portion or a target heating thermal comfort critical portion of each passenger at each seating position.

5. The method for cooling and heating a passenger compartment based on local thermal comfort features of claim 4, wherein the target heating thermal comfort critical portion or the target thermal comfort critical portion comprises a head, a hand, a foot, a chest and a back.

6. The method for cooling and heating a passenger compartment based on local thermal comfort features of a human body according to claim 5, wherein the cooling or heating of the head and the front chest is achieved through a ceiling and an instrument panel air outlet, the cooling or heating of the feet is achieved through a front panel and a front seat bottom or a laterally arranged air outlet, and the cooling or heating is achieved through the back of an intelligent seat passenger with adjustable temperature.

7. The method for cooling and heating a passenger compartment based on local thermal comfort features of claim 6, wherein the driver can also cool or heat his/her hands through an intelligent steering wheel with adjustable temperature.

8. The method for cooling and heating a passenger compartment based on local thermal comfort features of a human body according to claim 1, wherein the thermal sensation index and the thermal comfort index include an overall thermal sensation index, a local thermal sensation index, an overall thermal comfort index, and a local thermal comfort index.

9. The passenger compartment cooling and heating method based on the local thermal comfort feature of the human body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein if the passenger is not satisfied with the cooling or heating effect of the current environment, the thermal sensation index and the thermal comfort index can be manually inputted, the control module compares the thermal sensation index and the thermal comfort index manually inputted by the passenger with the initial thermal sensation index and the thermal comfort index, calculates the optimized values of the air supply temperature and the air supply speed of each air outlet, the intelligent steering wheel and the intelligent seat cooling or heating temperature of each air outlet, and adjusts the air supply temperature and the air supply speed of each air outlet, the intelligent steering wheel and the intelligent seat cooling or heating temperature in real time.

10. An automobile, characterized in that the automobile is provided with a method according to any one of claims 1-9.