CN116746439A - Method for reducing arsenic absorption of rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing arsenic absorption of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN116746439A CN116746439A CN202310830926.2A CN202310830926A CN116746439A CN 116746439 A CN116746439 A CN 116746439A CN 202310830926 A CN202310830926 A CN 202310830926A CN 116746439 A CN116746439 A CN 116746439A
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- flooding
- ammonium sulfate
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 231100000739 chronic poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000570 acute poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012641 Pigmentation disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 arsenic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQLMHYSWFMLWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenite(1-) Chemical compound O[As](O)[O-] AQLMHYSWFMLWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000027503 bloody stool Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000035861 hematochezia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing arsenic absorption of rice, which comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer to the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, ploughing, flooding, and then planting or transplanting rice; applying ferrous ammonium sulfate to the arsenic-polluted paddy field soil at the later stage of rice tillering or the early stage of heading, and keeping the soil flooded for 2-5cm; the rhizosphere soil of the rice is kept dry a week before harvesting the rice. According to the invention, specific water flooding moisture management is performed after the ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied, so that the ferrous ammonium sulfate and the water flooding moisture management can cooperate, and grain safety problems such as arsenic transportation to rice plants in cultivated land soil can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of arsenic-polluted soil treatment, and particularly relates to a method for reducing arsenic absorption of rice.
Background
Soil environmental problems are increasingly prominent nationwide. According to the national soil pollution publication issued by the environmental protection department and the national resource department in 2014, in investigation of cultivated lands, woodlands, grasslands and unutilized lands, the cultivated lands are seriously polluted, the pollution exceeding rate of the national cultivated lands is 19.4%, and the point exceeding rate of As is 2.7%. The arsenic distribution in rice shows a tendency to decrease gradually from root, stem and leaf, rice hull, and rice. However, research shows that the rice grains have stronger enrichment capability on arsenic, and the transfer coefficient of rice stems and leaves to rice reaches 0.8 in the soil with slight arsenic pollution. The yield of rice in China is about 2.0 hundred million t, the annual consumption is 1.4 hundred million t, the arsenic intake of Chinese people from the rice reaches 25.20 mug/d, and the rice becomes one of the main ways of human arsenic intake.
Arsenic in rice can be combined with sulfhydryl-containing enzyme in organism after entering organism, so that it loses activity, and causes organism metabolic disorder to show acute and chronic poisoning symptoms, wherein acute poisoning is manifested by immediate vomiting, pain hemorrhage of esophagus and abdomen, bloody stool, etc., and death can be caused by untimely rescue. Thus, consumption of arsenic-contaminated rice generally does not present the possibility of acute poisoning, but is mainly characterized by chronic poisoning. The chronic poisoning of arsenic has long-term latency and can be shown even after decades, and the most obvious symptoms are skin pigmentation, and skin cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer and the like are caused when the chronic poisoning is serious.
At present, a plurality of methods for controlling arsenic exceeding standard in rice mainly comprise the following steps: (1) The biomass charcoal, ferric salt, fertilizer and other materials are utilized to passivate As in soil, so that the bioavailability is reduced, and the As absorption of rice is reduced; (2) Exogenous addition of silicon (Si), which can be combined with arsenite (As 3+ ) Forming absorption competition, reducing rice As absorption; (3) The control of the moisture in the paddy field can change the oxidation-reduction state of the rhizosphere soil to influence the absorption and accumulation of As in the paddy field, meanwhile, the root system can promote the oxygen secretion of the root system to promote the formation of iron films on the root surface, and the oxidation of As into arsenate (As) is promoted by regulating the oxidation-reduction state of the soil 5+ ) Enhancing root table pairsAs 5+ The adsorption and fixation of the rice to reduce the absorption capacity of As; (4) Regulating and controlling the expression of the transport protein, and knocking out part of specific transport protein genes to reduce the accumulation of seed As in the processes of transporting to xylem and seed; (5) The screening and cultivation of the As low-accumulation rice varieties are combined and applied through genetic engineering, germplasm resource screening and other means, the rice varieties with the As low accumulation and high yield are bred, the planting mode is reasonably planned, the absorption and accumulation of the rice on the As are effectively controlled, and the practical possibility is provided for the safe production of the rice with the As polluted soil.
In the prior art of various restoration technologies of arsenic-polluted soil, the physical restoration methods such as soil dressing and the like have large engineering quantity and are not suitable for the treatment of large-area arsenic-polluted paddy fields; the plant repairing technology is limited by factors such as small biomass of repairing plants, long repairing period, occupied cultivated land, high cost and the like, and how to popularize the plant repairing technology in a large area needs to be continuously explored; the plant restoration technology (such as controlling arsenic in rice by spraying exogenous silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and the like on leaf surfaces) has the problems that the effect of a leaf surface conditioner is unstable and the restoration efficiency is needed to be improved, and further research is still needed. In many repairing methods, in-situ passivation repairing has the advantages of short repairing period, obvious repairing effect and simple operation, and is widely used for repairing arsenic-polluted soil. For example, in situ chemical oxidation technology has been widely used in soil remediation in developed countries such as europe and america. However, soil improvement is carried out by adopting measures such as adding passivating agent, fertilizer and the like into the polluted soil, the repairing time is long, and the soil structure is easy to damage; meanwhile, the application of some improvement materials, such as phosphorus-containing passivating agents, can lead to the saturation and leaching of phosphorus in soil and the eutrophication of water bodies. Alkaline materials such as lime and the like promote the rise of the pH value of soil, and can influence the activity of heavy metal ions to cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the passivation efficiency is improved, the risk of secondary pollution is reduced, meanwhile, the absorption and accumulation of the rice in the polluted soil on heavy metals are reduced, and the long-term risk caused by the heavy metals entering the food chain is eliminated, so that the method is one of the key points of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the prior art relates to the prior passivating agent that the absorption and accumulation effects of rice in polluted soil on heavy metals are poor, secondary pollution is easy to cause and the like, the invention provides a method for reducing arsenic absorption of rice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method specifically comprises the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing arsenic uptake in rice comprising the steps of:
(1) Applying base fertilizer to the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, ploughing, flooding, and then planting or transplanting rice;
(2) Applying ferrous ammonium sulfate to the arsenic-polluted paddy field soil at the later stage of rice tillering or the early stage of heading, and keeping the soil flooded for 2-5cm; the rhizosphere soil of the rice is kept dry a week before harvesting the rice.
In the later stage of rice tillering or the early stage of heading, ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied to the arsenic-polluted rice field soil, and the soil flooding is kept for 2-5cm, so that the applied ferrous ammonium sulfate is in a relatively reductive environment, ferrous ions react with arsenic ions, thereby reducing the activity of arsenic, reducing the absorption of the rice to the arsenic, and meanwhile, the ferrous ammonium sulfate contains a nitrogen source, so that the ferrous ammonium sulfate can be used As nitrogen to supplement nutrient elements required by the rice, and on the other hand, the reduction product of the nitrogen can be oxidized to dissolve Fe (II), inhibit the dissolution of As, facilitate the subsequent growth of the rice and avoid secondary pollution; in addition, the thickness of the water flooding is proper in 2-5cm, the thickness of the water flooding is too low, the effect of maintaining the relative reducing environment is not good, and the thickness of the water flooding is too high, so that the growth of rice is not facilitated.
In the step (2), as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the ferrous ammonium sulfate applied is 0.05 to 0.1g/kg by mass of the soil.
The application amount of the ferrous ammonium sulfate also affects the effect of reducing the arsenic content of the rice, and the arsenic content in the rice can be obviously reduced under the application amount.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the base fertilizer comprises urea, monopotassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) And potassium sulfate (K) 2 SO 4 )。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, urea and phosphoric acid are used in terms of mass of soilPotassium dihydrogen (KH) 2 PO 4 ) And potassium sulfate (K) 2 SO 4 ) Is based on the mass ratio of N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O is N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.2)(g·kg -1 )。
The base fertilizer is added in a powdery form, and the particle size of the powder of the base fertilizer is smaller than 10 meshes.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the flooding thickness is 2-5cm and the flooding time is 1-2 weeks before the rice is planted or transplanted.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the thickness of the soil flooding after the rice planting or transplanting is 2-5cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, specific water flooding and moisture management is performed after the ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied, and the ferrous ammonium sulfate and the water flooding and moisture management can cooperate to effectively reduce grain safety problems such as arsenic transportation from farmland soil to rice plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in the arsenic content in the soil after the treatment of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to examples 1, 1 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the arsenic content change of the underground part of rice plants of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to examples 1, 1 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing arsenic content change in the aerial parts of rice plants of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to examples 1, 1 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in the arsenic content in the soil after the treatment of comparative examples 2 to 4, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to comparative examples 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the arsenic content change of the underground part of the rice plants of comparative examples 2 to 4, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to comparative examples 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
FIG. 6 shows arsenic content change of aerial parts of rice plants of comparative examples 2 to 4, wherein T0, T50 and T100 correspond to comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, respectively.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described by means of specific examples. The test methods used in examples and/or comparative examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available.
Example 1
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by Zhaoqing arsenic (156.1 mg/kg), turning over and watering, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: and (3) in the later tillering stage or the early heading stage of the rice, 0.05g/kg of ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied to the soil, and the soil is kept to be flooded for 2-5cm.
And a third step of: flooding water for 2-5cm in the early heading period and the grouting period of the rice, and keeping the rhizosphere soil of the rice to fall dry one week before harvesting the mature rice.
Example 2
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, firstly fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, turning over and flooding, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: and (3) in the later tillering stage or the early heading stage of the rice, 0.1g/kg of ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied to the soil, and the soil is kept to be flooded for 2-5cm.
And a third step of: flooding water for 2-5cm in the early heading period and the grouting period of the rice, and keeping the rhizosphere soil of the rice to fall dry one week before harvesting the mature rice.
Comparative example 1
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, firstly fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, turning over and flooding, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: in the later stage of rice tillering or in the early stage of heading, ammonium ferrous sulfate is not applied to the soil, and the thickness of the soil flooding is kept at 2-5cm.
And a third step of: flooding water for 2-5cm in the early heading period and the grouting period of the rice, and keeping the rhizosphere soil of the rice to fall dry one week before harvesting the mature rice.
Comparative example 2
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, firstly fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, turning over and flooding, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: in the later stage of rice tillering or the early stage of heading, ferrous ammonium sulfate is not applied to the soil, flooding is not carried out, and as is conventional, the soil of the rhizosphere of the rice is kept dry in the later stage of rice tillering and the early stage of heading.
And a third step of: and in the early heading stage and the grouting stage of the rice, the rhizosphere soil of the rice is still kept to fall dry, and the rice is harvested after the rice is ripe.
Comparative example 3
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, firstly fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, turning over and flooding, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: in the later stage of rice tillering or in the early stage of heading, 0.05g/kg of ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied to the soil, flooding is not carried out, and as is conventional, the soil of the rhizosphere of the rice is kept dry in the later stage of rice tillering and in the early stage of heading.
And a third step of: and in the early heading stage and the grouting stage of the rice, the rhizosphere soil of the rice is still kept to fall dry, and the rice is harvested after the rice is ripe.
Comparative example 4
The first step: before rice planting or transplanting, firstly fertilizing the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, turning over and flooding, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea and KH 2 PO 4 And K 2 SO 4 The mass ratio is as follows: n: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝0.15:0.15:0.10(g·kg -1 ) The base fertilizer is added in powder form, the grain size of the powder is smaller than 10 meshes, and the soil is flooded for 1 week before rice transplanting in the first step, the soil flooding thickness before rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm, and the soil flooding thickness after rice transplanting is kept at 2-5cm.
And a second step of: in the later stage of rice tillering or in the early stage of heading, 0.1g/kg of ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied to the soil, flooding is not carried out, and as is conventional, the soil of the rhizosphere of the rice is kept dry in the later stage of rice tillering and in the early stage of heading.
And a third step of: and in the early heading stage and the grouting stage of the rice, the rhizosphere soil of the rice is still kept to fall dry, and the rice is harvested after the rice is ripe.
The harvested rice of each of the above examples and comparative examples was divided into two parts of an underground part of rice (root below soil) and an overground part of rice (stem and leaf rice above soil), the two parts were placed in a drying oven, de-enzymed at 105℃for 30 minutes, dried at 70℃until the weight remained stable, then placed in a stainless steel grinder for crushing and grinding, and sieved through a 60 mesh sieve. Then the two parts are digested, and the arsenic content in the two parts is measured by ICP-MS, and the result is shown in the attached drawing.
As can be seen from the accompanying figures 1-3, the application of ferrous ammonium sulfate to arsenic-contaminated soil in the late tillering stage or the early heading stage of rice can obviously reduce the arsenic content in the rice, and the application amount of ferrous ammonium sulfate also has an effect on reducing the arsenic content in the rice, preferably the application amount of ferrous ammonium sulfate is 0.05-0.1g/kg.
As can be seen from fig. 4-6, when the ferrous ammonium sulfate is applied, flooding is required, otherwise, if the conventional direct application is performed, soil is fallen to dryness, and the aim of remarkably reducing the arsenic content in rice is not achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing arsenic uptake in rice comprising the steps of:
(1) Applying base fertilizer to the rice field soil polluted by arsenic, ploughing, flooding, and then planting or transplanting rice;
(2) Applying ferrous ammonium sulfate to the arsenic-polluted paddy field soil at the later stage of rice tillering or the early stage of heading, and keeping the soil flooded for 2-5cm; the rhizosphere soil of the rice is kept dry a week before harvesting the rice.
2. The method for reducing arsenic absorption by rice according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amount of the ferrous ammonium sulfate to be applied is 0.05 to 0.1g/kg based on the mass of the soil.
3. The method of reducing arsenic uptake in rice of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate.
4. The method for reducing arsenic absorption by rice as recited in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate is represented by N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O is N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.3):(0.1-0.2)(g·kg -1 )。
5. The method for reducing arsenic uptake in rice according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the flooding is performed for a period of 1 to 2 weeks at a thickness of 2 to 5cm before the rice is planted or transplanted.
6. The method for reducing arsenic absorption by rice according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the soil flooding after the rice planting or transplanting is 2-5cm.
7. The method for reducing arsenic uptake in rice of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer has a powder particle size of less than 10 mesh.
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