CN116742037A - Electrode frame, flow battery and flow battery stack - Google Patents
Electrode frame, flow battery and flow battery stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN116742037A CN116742037A CN202210218292.0A CN202210218292A CN116742037A CN 116742037 A CN116742037 A CN 116742037A CN 202210218292 A CN202210218292 A CN 202210218292A CN 116742037 A CN116742037 A CN 116742037A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an electrode frame, a flow battery and a flow battery stack, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The electrode frame comprises a positive electrode frame and a negative electrode frame which are overlapped through a first insulating layer, a first end of the positive electrode frame is provided with a first number of positive electrolyte inlet holes along the thickness direction, a second end of the positive electrode frame is provided with a second number of positive electrolyte outlet holes along the thickness direction, a third end of the negative electrode frame is provided with a third number of negative electrolyte inlet holes along the thickness direction, and a fourth end of the negative electrode frame is provided with a fourth number of negative electrolyte outlet holes along the thickness direction, wherein the positive electrolyte inlet holes, the positive electrolyte outlet holes, the negative electrolyte inlet holes and the negative electrolyte outlet holes are respectively provided with one or more flow channels from the inner wall of the holes to the inner wall of the electrode frame so that electrolyte flows into or flows out of the electrode. The bypass current in the flow battery stack can be reduced, and the efficiency and the reliability of the battery stack are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to an electrode frame, a flow battery and a flow battery stack.
Background
The energy storage is used as a key technology for improving the energy utilization rate, is used for the aspects of renewable energy grid connection, peak clipping, valley filling, peak regulation, frequency modulation and the like, and can improve the renewable energy utilization rate and the power grid stability. The flow battery has the advantages of long service life, safety, reliability, independent design of power and capacity and the like, and becomes one of the main technologies of large-scale energy storage.
Flow batteries are typically composed of a power unit and a capacity unit. The electrolyte is used as the electrolyte of the capacity unit, the energy storage and release are realized by the valence state change of the active substance in the electrolyte, and when the power unit is in operation, the electrolyte flows through the inside of the electric pile which is used as the power unit to convert electric energy and chemical energy, so that the power input and output are realized.
Currently, flow batteries are generally low in voltage level, on the one hand because they are affected by bypass current and, on the other hand, because stacking more batteries can create manufacturing difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide an electrode frame, a flow battery and a flow battery stack, which are used for solving the technical problem that the common voltage level of the flow battery is low.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode frame including a positive electrode frame and a negative electrode frame stacked by a first insulating layer, a first end of the positive electrode frame being provided with a first number of positive electrolyte inlet holes in a thickness direction, a second end of the positive electrode frame being provided with a second number of positive electrolyte outlet holes in the thickness direction, a third end of the negative electrode frame being provided with a third number of negative electrolyte inlet holes in the thickness direction, and a fourth end of the negative electrode frame being provided with a fourth number of negative electrolyte outlet holes in the thickness direction, wherein the positive electrolyte inlet holes, the negative electrolyte outlet holes are respectively provided with one or more flow passages from an inner wall of the hole to an inner wall of the electrode frame so that an electrolyte flows into or out of the electrode.
Optionally, the first number and the second number are the same, and/or the third number and the fourth number are the same.
Optionally, the first end and the second end are opposite ends and/or the third end and the fourth end are opposite ends.
Optionally, the electrode frame is made of an acid corrosion resistant polymer material, and the polymer material is preferably one or more of the following materials: PVC, PP, PE.
Optionally, the electrode frame is formed by one of the following: machining, injection molding, mould pressing and 3D printing.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a flow battery, which comprises a first electrode frame, a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a diaphragm, a second negative electrode, a second positive electrode and a second electrode frame which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first electrode frame and the second electrode frame are the electrode frames; the first positive electrode is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the first electrode frame, and the first negative electrode is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the first electrode frame, so that the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode are overlapped; the second positive electrode is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the second electrode frame, and the second negative electrode is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the second electrode frame, so that the second positive electrode and the second negative electrode are overlapped; in the flow battery, the stacking order of the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode is opposite to the stacking order of the second negative electrode and the second positive electrode, so that the flow battery comprises two sub-flow batteries which are stacked in opposite directions.
Optionally, the dimensions of the first positive electrode, the first negative electrode, the second negative electrode, and the second positive electrode are respectively the same, and the dimensions of the first positive electrode, the first negative electrode, the second negative electrode, and the second positive electrode are 100cm 2 -5000cm 2 Preferably 100cm 2 -2000cm 2 。
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a flow battery stack, which comprises: the flow battery described above; and the positive electrode current lead-out plate is used for leading out the positive electrode current of the flow battery stack, and the negative electrode current lead-out plate is used for leading out the negative electrode current of the flow battery stack.
Optionally, the flow battery stack includes one flow battery described above, and the two sub-flow batteries are connected in series.
Optionally, the flow battery stack further comprises a monopole plate arranged at the other end of the flow battery stack, and the two sub-flow batteries are connected in series through the monopole plate.
Optionally, the flow battery stack includes M flow batteries described above, and the flow battery stack further includes: the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate are arranged between two adjacent flow batteries and are overlapped through a second insulating layer, so that the flow battery stack comprises two groups of reverse overlapped sub-flow batteries, each group of sub-flow batteries comprises M sub-flow batteries, the two groups of sub-flow batteries are connected in series, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.
Optionally, the flow battery stack further comprises a monopole plate arranged at the other end of the flow battery stack, and the two groups of sub-flow batteries are connected in series through the monopole plate.
The electrode frame, the flow battery and the flow battery stack provided by the embodiment of the application have the following technical advantages:
(1) When the electrode frame provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to the flow battery, two sub-flow batteries in the flow battery can independently supply liquid. When the flow battery is further applied to the flow battery stack, the flow battery stack is equivalent to using two groups of independent electrolyte pipelines, so that bypass current in the flow battery stack is reduced, and the efficiency and reliability of the battery stack are improved.
(2) Compared with a flow battery stack formed by the same number of flow batteries in the related art, the output voltage of the flow battery stack formed by using the flow batteries provided by the embodiment of the application can be doubled.
(3) The increase of the output voltage of the flow battery stack can promote the implementation of inversion and boosting, reduce the difficulty of system integration and enable the flow battery stack to be more flexibly used in various scenes.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the application will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the embodiments of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an electrode frame according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a flow channel on an electrode frame;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a flow battery according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a flow cell stack according to an embodiment of the application; and
fig. 5 shows a discharge polarization curve comparison of the flow cell stack shown in fig. 4 and a flow cell stack of the related art.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the detailed description described herein is merely for illustrating and explaining the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", "third", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", "third", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", and "a third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an electrode frame according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode frame that may include a positive electrode frame 110 and a negative electrode frame 120 stacked through a first insulating layer 130.
The first insulating layer 130 functions as insulation on the one hand and as a separation electrolyte on the other hand. The first insulating layer 130 may be formed in a sealing form, injection molding, 3D printing, welding form.
The first end of the positive electrode frame 110 is provided with a first number of positive electrolyte inlet holes 111 in the thickness direction, which are through holes. Two anolyte inlet holes are shown in fig. 1 for example only, any suitable number of anolyte inlet holes may be provided on the first end depending on the length of the first end, or on the first end as desired. Each of the positive electrode liquid inlet holes 111 is provided with one or more flow passages 113 from the hole inner wall to the electrode frame inner wall so that the positive electrode liquid flows into the electrode.
The second end of the positive electrode frame 110 is provided with a second number of positive electrode electrolyte outlet holes 112 in the thickness direction, and the positive electrode electrolyte outlet holes are through holes. Two anolyte outlet holes are shown in fig. 1 for example only, any suitable number of anolyte outlet holes may be provided on the second end depending on the length of the second end, or on the second end as desired. Each of the positive electrode liquid outlet holes 112 is provided with one or more flow passages 114 from the hole inner wall to the electrode frame inner wall so that the positive electrode liquid flows into the electrode.
As shown in fig. 1, the first end and the second end are preferably opposite ends in order to facilitate smoother inflow and outflow of the positive electrode electrolyte. Embodiments of the present application are not limited in this regard and the first and second ends may be adjacent ends. The first and second amounts may preferably be the same to facilitate smoother inflow and outflow of the positive electrode electrolyte. Embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto and the first number and the second number may be different.
The third end of the negative electrode frame 120 is provided with a third number of negative electrolyte inlet holes 121 in the thickness direction, and the negative electrolyte inlet holes are through holes. Two catholyte inlet holes are shown in fig. 1 for example only, any suitable number of catholyte inlet holes may be provided on the third end depending on the length of the third end, or on the third end as desired. Each of the anode electrode liquid inlet holes 121 is provided with one or more flow passages 123 from the hole inner wall to the electrode frame inner wall so that anode electrode liquid flows into the electrode.
The fourth end of the negative electrode frame 120 is provided with a fourth number of negative electrolyte outlet holes 122 in the thickness direction, and the negative electrolyte outlet holes are through holes. Two catholyte outlet openings are shown in fig. 1, for example only, any suitable number of catholyte outlet openings may be provided on the fourth end depending on the length of the fourth end, or on the fourth end as desired. Each negative electrode liquid outlet aperture 122 is provided with one or more flow channels 124 from the aperture inner wall to the electrode frame inner wall to allow the negative electrode liquid to flow out of the electrode.
A schematic diagram of the flow channels 113, 114, 123, 124 may be shown in fig. 2. The number of flow channels may be set to any suitable number according to actual needs.
As shown in fig. 1, the third and fourth ends are preferably opposite ends to facilitate smoother inflow and outflow of the positive electrode electrolyte. However, embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and the third end and the fourth end may be adjacent ends. The third amount and the fourth amount may preferably be the same to facilitate smoother inflow and outflow of the anode electrolyte. However, the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and the third number and the fourth number may be different.
As shown in fig. 1, the first and third ends may be the same side of the electrode frame, and the second and fourth ends may be the same side of the electrode frame. However, the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and the first end and the fourth end may be disposed on the same side, and the second end and the third end may be disposed on the same side.
In any embodiment, the electrode frame may be made of a polymer material that is resistant to acid corrosion, and the polymer material may be one or more of the following materials: PVC, PP, PE, etc.
In any embodiment, the electrode frame may be formed by one of: machining, injection molding, compression molding, 3D printing, and the like.
When the electrode frame provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to the flow battery, two sub-flow batteries in the flow battery can independently supply liquid. When the flow battery is further applied to the flow battery stack, the flow battery stack is equivalent to using two groups of independent electrolyte pipelines, so that bypass current in the flow battery stack is reduced, and the efficiency and reliability of the battery stack are improved.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a flow battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present application further provides a flow battery, which includes a first electrode frame 11, a first positive electrode 12, a first negative electrode 16, a separator 13, a second negative electrode 14, a second positive electrode 17, and a second electrode frame 15 that are sequentially stacked.
The first electrode frame 11 and the second electrode frame 15 may be electrode frames according to any embodiment of the present application. The first positive electrode 12 is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the first electrode frame, and the first negative electrode 16 is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the first electrode frame, so that the first positive electrode 12 and the first negative electrode 16 are overlapped; the second positive electrode 14 is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the second electrode frame, and the second negative electrode 17 is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the second electrode frame, so that the second positive electrode 14 and the second negative electrode 17 are overlapped.
In the flow battery, the stacking order of the first positive electrode 12 and the first negative electrode 16 is opposite to the stacking order of the second negative electrode 14 and the second positive electrode 17, so that the flow battery includes two sub-flow batteries stacked in opposite directions.
The first electrode frame 11 and the second electrode frame 15 may be electrode frames according to any embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 3. The first electrode frame 11 includes a first positive electrode frame and a first negative electrode frame stacked by a first insulating layer. The second electrode frame 15 includes a second positive electrode frame and a second negative electrode frame stacked by a second insulating layer. A first positive electrode frame of the first electrode frame 11 is laminated with the first positive electrode 12 for allowing a positive electrode electrolyte to flow into the first positive electrode 12. The first negative electrode frame of the first electrode frame 11 is laminated with the first negative electrode 16 for allowing the negative electrode liquid to flow into the first negative electrode 16. The second positive electrode frame of the second electrode frame 15 is laminated with the second positive electrode 17 for allowing the positive electrode electrolyte to flow into the second positive electrode 17. The second negative electrode frame of the second electrode frame 15 is laminated with the second negative electrode 14 for allowing the negative electrode liquid to flow into the second negative electrode 14.
Each sub-flow battery may be considered to be formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode frame 11, one sub-positive electrode, a separator 13, and one sub-negative electrode aligned in position with the one sub-positive electrode, a second electrode frame 15. The direction of "stacking" described in any of the embodiments of the present application is perpendicular to the direction of "stacking". For example, as shown in fig. 1, the direction of "stacking" is the lateral direction, and the direction of "stacking" is the longitudinal direction. By "the stacking order is reversed" is meant that the first positive electrode 12 and the second negative electrode 14 are aligned and the first negative electrode 16 and the second positive electrode 17 are aligned in the stacking direction. "reverse stacking" refers to the stacking of the positive electrode of a first sub-flow battery and the negative electrode of a second sub-flow battery of the two sub-flow batteries.
The flow battery may further include sealing members located at the peripheries of the positive and negative electrodes for preventing electrolyte from penetrating to the outside of the flow battery to corrode the flow battery.
The first positive electrode 12, the first negative electrode 16, the second negative electrode 14, and the second positive electrode 17 may be identical to each other, for example, they may be identical in size and material. The first positive electrode 12, the first negative electrode 16, the second negative electrode 14, and the second positive electrode 17 have a size of 100cm 2 -5000cm 2 Preferably 100cm 2 -2000cm 2 。
In the embodiment of the application, the flow battery is described to comprise two sub-flow batteries which are reversely overlapped. It will be appreciated that in a scalable embodiment, the flow battery may also include more than two sub-flow batteries stacked in opposite directions, and the structure thereof may be derived from the structure of the flow battery including two sub-flow batteries stacked in opposite directions described above, which will not be described herein.
In a further embodiment of the present application, there is provided a flow battery stack comprising: a flow battery according to any embodiment of the present application; and the positive electrode current lead-out plate is used for leading out the positive electrode current of the flow battery stack, and the negative electrode current lead-out plate is used for leading out the negative electrode current of the flow battery stack.
The first insulating layer is used for ensuring that no electric connection, short circuit or liquid leakage phenomenon exists between the superimposed positive electrode current lead-out plate and the negative electrode current lead-out plate. The first insulating layer may be made of any suitable insulating material.
At the other end of the flow battery stack, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected in series, so that the following steps are realized: embodiments of the present application provide that the output voltage of a flow cell stack can be doubled compared to a flow cell stack formed from the same number of flow cells in the related art.
In an alternative embodiment, a flow cell stack may include a flow cell according to any of the embodiments of the present application.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the flow battery stack may further include a monopolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow battery stack, the monopolar plate being used to connect together the positive electrode and the negative electrode at the other end of the flow battery stack in series, thereby realizing a series connection of two sub-flow batteries of the flow battery. Embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, however, and the flow cell stack may include a first unipolar plate and a second unipolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow cell stack and stacked by an insulating layer, for example, and further may be connected in series by an external circuit.
The outer sides of the superimposed positive current lead-out plate and negative current lead-out plate may be further provided with a first polymer plate provided with a flow channel interface through which positive electrolyte may be supplied to the first electrode frame and the second electrode frame, for example. The outside of the unipolar plate may be further provided with a second polymeric plate provided with a flow channel interface through which the negative electrolyte may be provided to the first and second electrode frames, for example. The components of the flow cell stack may be fastened or secured by bolts or welding. The first and second polymeric plates are made of polymeric materials.
The output voltage of the flow battery stack provided by the embodiment of the application is twice that of the flow battery stack comprising the flow batteries in the single related technology.
In an alternative embodiment, a flow battery stack may include M flow batteries according to any of the embodiments of the present application, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1. Correspondingly, the flow battery stack provided by the embodiment of the application can further comprise a first bipolar plate and a second bipolar plate which are arranged between two adjacent flow batteries and are overlapped through a second insulating layer, so that the flow battery stack comprises two groups of sub-flow batteries which are overlapped reversely, and each group of sub-flow batteries comprises M sub-flow batteries. The number of bipolar plates is the number of flow batteries minus one. The two sides of each bipolar plate are respectively adjacent to the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Each bipolar plate may be used to connect two sub-flow batteries adjacent in the stacking direction in series.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the flow battery stack may further include a monopolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow battery stack, the monopolar plate being used to connect together the positive electrode and the negative electrode at the other end of the flow battery stack in series, thereby achieving a series connection of the two sets of sub-flow batteries. Embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, however, and the flow cell stack may include a first unipolar plate and a second unipolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow cell stack and stacked by an insulating layer, for example, and further may be connected in series by an external circuit.
The outer sides of the superimposed positive current lead-out plate and negative current lead-out plate may be further provided with a first polymer plate provided with a flow channel interface through which positive electrolyte may be supplied to the first electrode frame and the second electrode frame of each flow battery, for example. The outside of the unipolar plate may be further provided with a second polymeric plate provided with a flow channel interface through which the negative electrolyte may be provided to the first and second electrode frames of each flow battery, for example. The components of the flow cell stack may be fastened or secured by bolts or welding. The first and second polymeric plates are made of polymeric materials.
The second insulating layer is used to ensure that there is no electrical connection, shorting, or leakage between the stacked first and second bipolar plates. The first insulating layer may be made of any suitable insulating material. The materials of construction of the second insulating layer and the first insulating layer may be the same or different.
The first bipolar plate, the second bipolar plate, the positive current lead-out plate, the negative current lead-out plate and the monopolar plate may all be made of the same conductive material, for example, may be made of a graphite material. The dimensions of the first bipolar plate, the second bipolar plate, the positive current lead-out plate, the negative current lead-out plate, and the monopolar plate may be adjusted according to the dimensions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
In this embodiment, two sets of sub-flow batteries are connected in series. Since the sub-flow batteries in each group of sub-flow batteries are also connected in series, it is equivalent to each sub-night-flow battery being connected in series with each other.
Further, the external structure and the size of the flow battery stack provided by the embodiment of the application can be kept the same as those of the flow battery stack in the related technology, so that the flow battery stack in the related technology can be replaced conveniently. In addition, the flow battery stack provided by the embodiment of the application can be also considered to divide the components in the flow battery stack, wherein the electrode frame, the electrode, the bipolar plate and the monopolar plate at one end are uniformly divided into 2 blocks. The dividing directions of the respective members are identical, and the divided positions may be on the same horizontal line. The electrode is divided into a gap filled with a sealing layer, and the electrode frame, the bipolar plate and the monopolar plate at one end are divided into a gap filled with an insulating layer. The division and non-division of other components in the flow cell stack, such as the separator, the unipolar plate at the other end, etc., preferably may not affect the output of the flow cell stack as a high-power voltage.
The division corresponds to forming two small stacks in the stacking direction of the flow cell stack. The monopolar plates at the other end, which are not split, are used to connect the two small stacks in series, and the end voltage of the flow cell stack output will be twice that of the same type of undivided flow cell stack output. It should be understood that the "split" is merely a generic explanation, and in practice, the flow cell stack provided in the embodiments of the present application is not formed by "split" and the "split" components are preferably formed by "stacking" as described above at the beginning of the design or at the time of actual production. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the "dividing" or "stacking" direction shown in fig. 1 is merely for illustration, and the components may be "divided" or "stacked" in a direction perpendicular to the "dividing" or "stacking" direction shown in fig. 1, which is extensible.
Optionally, the flow battery stack provided in the embodiment of the application may be an all-vanadium flow battery stack, a flow battery stack of other systems, or a single flow battery stack.
In the flow battery or flow battery stack of the related art, there is no "split" or "overlap" of the components. The output voltage of a flow cell stack formed using the flow cell provided by the embodiment of the present application can be doubled compared to a flow cell stack formed of the same number of flow cells in the related art, and at the same time, the external structure and size can be kept unchanged.
The beneficial effects of the flow cell stack provided by the embodiments of the present application are further described below through some specific embodiments. The flow cell stack in these embodiments is an all-vanadium flow cell stack.
Example 1
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the flow cell stack is composed of 3 flow cells. Each flow battery includes: the electrode frame comprises a first electrode frame, a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a diaphragm, a second negative electrode, a second positive electrode and a second electrode frame, wherein the first electrode frame, the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode are stacked through a first sealing layer, the second negative electrode and the second positive electrode are stacked through a second sealing layer, and the first electrode frame and the second electrode frame are sequentially stacked, wherein the electrode frame is any embodiment of the application. A first bipolar plate and a second bipolar plate which are overlapped through a second insulating layer are arranged between two adjacent flow batteries. One end of the flow battery stack is provided with a positive electrode current lead-out plate and a negative electrode current lead-out plate which are overlapped. One end of the flow battery stack is provided with a unipolar plate. The outer sides of the superimposed positive electrode current leading-out plate and negative electrode current leading-out plate can be further provided with a first polymer plate, and the outer sides of the monopole plates are further provided with a second polymer plate. The flow battery stack is equivalent to being formed by superposing 2 groups of sub-flow batteries, and each group of sub-flow batteries comprises 3 sub-flow batteries.
And leading out the positive current of the flow battery stack through a positive current leading-out plate, and leading out the negative current of the flow battery stack through a negative current leading-out plate.
In this embodiment, the total area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 200cm 2 The areas of the corresponding first positive electrode, the corresponding first negative electrode, the corresponding second negative electrode and the corresponding second positive electrode are all 100cm 2 。
The initial concentration of the positive electrode electrolyte of the flow battery stack is 0.8mol L -1 V(IV)+0.8mol L -1 V(IV)+3mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 The concentration of the negative electrode electrolyte is 0.8mol L -1 V(II)+0.8mol L -1 V(III)+3mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 。
Since each sub-flow battery is connected in series, the potential is stepped up at the positive electrode of each sub-flow battery. As shown in fig. 2, starting from the negative electrode, the potentials at the positive electrodes of the respective sub-flow batteries connected in series in sequence are respectively: ocp 1, ocp 2, ocp 3, ocp 4, ocp 5, ocp 6. Thus in this embodiment, the flow cell stack is capable of outputting a voltage of 6 OCP, where OCP represents the open circuit potential.
Comparative example 1
This embodiment describes a flow cell stack in the related art. In this embodiment, n=1, and the flow cell stack is composed of 3 flow cells. Each flow battery includes: a positive electrode frame, a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and a negative electrode frame, which are laminated in this order. A bipolar plate is arranged between two adjacent flow batteries. The flow battery comprises a flow battery, wherein the two ends of the flow battery are provided with a positive end plate and a negative end plate, the positive end plate comprises a positive current leading-out plate and a first polymer plate, and the negative end plate comprises a negative current leading-out plate and a second polymer plate.
In this embodiment, the total area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 200cm 2 . The discharge electrode performance of the flow battery stack can be realized by a potentiostatMeasurements were made.
The initial concentration of the positive electrode electrolyte of the flow battery stack is 0.8mol L -1 V(IV)+0.8mol L -1 V(IV)+3mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 The concentration of the negative electrode electrolyte is 0.8mol L -1 V(II)+0.8mol L -1 V(III)+3mol L -1 H 2 SO 4 。
According to a principle similar to embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the flow cell stack is capable of outputting a voltage of 6 ocp. It is apparent that the output voltage of the flow cell stack in example 1 was increased by 2 times as compared with the comparative example.
Fig. 5 shows a discharge polarization curve comparison of the flow cell stack shown in fig. 4 and a flow cell stack of the related art. As can be seen from fig. 5, the operating voltage of the electric pile in the example is 2 times that of the electric pile in the comparative example, and it is verified that the electric pile adopting the structure of the embodiment of the present application can increase the operating voltage of the electric pile in the comparative example with the same scale by one time.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. An electrode frame is characterized by comprising a positive electrode frame and a negative electrode frame which are overlapped through a first insulating layer,
the first end of the positive electrode frame is provided with a first number of positive electrolyte inlet holes along the thickness direction, the second end of the positive electrode frame is provided with a second number of positive electrolyte outlet holes along the thickness direction,
the third end of the negative electrode frame is provided with a third number of negative electrolyte inlet holes along the thickness direction, the fourth end of the negative electrode frame is provided with a fourth number of negative electrolyte outlet holes along the thickness direction,
wherein the positive electrolyte inlet hole, the positive electrolyte outlet hole, the negative electrolyte inlet hole and the negative electrolyte outlet hole are respectively provided with one or more flow passages from the inner wall of the hole to the inner wall of the electrode frame so that electrolyte flows into or out of the electrode.
2. The electrode frame of claim 1, wherein the first number and the second number are the same and/or the third number and the fourth number are the same.
3. The electrode frame of claim 1, wherein the first end and the second end are opposite ends and/or the third end and the fourth end are opposite ends.
4. The electrode frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode frame is made of a polymer material resistant to acid corrosion, preferably one or more of the following: PVC, PP, PE.
5. The electrode frame of claim 1, wherein the electrode frame is formed by one of: machining, injection molding, mould pressing and 3D printing.
6. A flow battery is characterized by comprising a first electrode frame, a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode, a diaphragm, a second negative electrode, a second positive electrode and a second electrode frame which are sequentially stacked,
the first electrode frame and the second electrode frame are the electrode frames of any one of claims 1 to 5;
the first positive electrode is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the first electrode frame, and the first negative electrode is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the first electrode frame, so that the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode are overlapped;
the second positive electrode is embedded in a positive electrode frame of the second electrode frame, and the second negative electrode is embedded in a negative electrode frame of the second electrode frame, so that the second positive electrode and the second negative electrode are overlapped;
in the flow battery, the stacking order of the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode is opposite to the stacking order of the second negative electrode and the second positive electrode, so that the flow battery comprises two sub-flow batteries which are stacked in opposite directions.
7. The flow battery of claim 6, wherein the flow battery comprises a plurality of cells,
the first positive electrode, the first negative electrode, the second negative electrode, and the second positive electrode are respectively the same in size, and
the first positive electrode, the first negative electrode, the second negative electrode and the second positive electrode have the dimensions of 100cm 2 -5000cm 2 Preferably 100cm 2 -2000cm 2 。
8. A flow battery stack, comprising:
the flow battery according to any one of claims 6 to 7; and
the positive electrode current guiding plate is used for guiding out positive electrode current of the flow battery stack, and the negative electrode current guiding plate is used for guiding out negative electrode current of the flow battery stack.
9. The flow battery stack of claim 8, comprising one flow battery according to any one of claims 6 to 7, the two sub-flow batteries being connected in series.
10. The flow cell stack of claim 9, further comprising a monopolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow cell stack, the two sub-flow cells being connected in series by the monopolar plate.
11. The flow battery stack of claim 8, comprising M flow batteries according to any one of claims 6 to 7, and further comprising:
the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate are arranged between two adjacent flow batteries and are overlapped through a second insulating layer, so that the flow battery stack comprises two groups of sub-flow batteries which are overlapped reversely, each group of sub-flow batteries comprises M sub-flow batteries,
wherein the two sets of sub-flow batteries are connected in series,
wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1.
12. The flow cell stack of claim 11, further comprising a monopolar plate disposed at the other end of the flow cell stack, the two sets of sub-flow cells being connected in series by the monopolar plate.
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