CN116738584A - Method for solving anti-drilling characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data - Google Patents
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
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Abstract
A method for solving anti-drilling characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data. The method mainly solves the problems of less data, large error and prolonged drilling period of the existing method for solving the stratum drilling resistance characteristic parameters. The method is characterized in that: measuring the hardness, the plasticity coefficient, the drillability level value and the mechanical specific energy value of the rock, and fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and the hardness, the plasticity coefficient and the drillability level value according to the measurement result; collecting logging engineering data on site, and correcting the weight on bit and the torque; correcting the mechanical specific energy value, and calculating the standardized mechanical specific energy according to the corrected mechanical specific energy; logging engineering data are acquired on site, standardized mechanical specific energy values are automatically calculated in real time, and the hardness, plasticity and drillability of the stratum are calculated according to the relation between the mechanical specific energy and the hardness, plasticity and drillability. The method solves the defects of discontinuous and inaccurate drilling-resistance parameters, has small difference with real drilling data, reduces errors in drill bit model selection and drilling parameter design, and shortens the drilling period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil fields, in particular to a method for solving anti-drilling characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data.
Background
The drilling resistance characteristic parameter is important basic reference data of drill bit model selection and drilling engineering parameter design in drilling engineering design. When drilling construction is performed on an area, firstly, the drilling resistance characteristic parameters of stratum of the area are known: drillability, hardness, plastic brittleness, and then drill bit selection (PDC drill bit, roller cone drill bit) and drilling engineering parameter design (weight on bit, torque, drilling fluid parameters) are performed according to the drilling resistance characteristic parameters of the stratum. At present, the calculation of the drilling resistance characteristic parameters of the stratum is completed by adopting a laboratory to carry out micro drilling and triaxial pressure testing of the rock core, and due to the limited rock core sample, the drilling resistance characteristic parameters can only obtain test data of a plurality of test samples in a region, the data are few, and the test data and the real drilling data have larger difference, so that in practice, larger errors occur in the matching of the type of the drill bit and the stratum, the drilling period is prolonged, and underground complex accidents frequently occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of less data and large error and prolonged drilling period of the existing method for obtaining the stratum drilling resistance characteristic parameters, the invention provides a method for obtaining the drilling resistance characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for solving anti-drilling characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data,
step S1, measuring the hardness Py and the plasticity coefficient Kp of the rock by using a full-automatic rock hardness tester;
s2, measuring the drillability level Kd of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
s3, measuring a mechanical specific energy value E of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
step S4, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and the hardness and the plastic coefficient according to the mechanical specific energy E and the results of the hardness Py and the plastic coefficient Kp measured in the step S1;
step S5, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and the drillability according to the mechanical specific energy E and the drillability level value Kd measured in the step S2;
s6, acquiring logging engineering data including weight on bit and torque on site;
s7, correcting the weight on bit and the torque, and calculating the corrected mechanical specific energy E by using the corrected weight on bit and the corrected torque m ；
Step S8, utilizing the corrected mechanical specific energy E m The normalized mechanical specific energy E is calculated according to the following formula B ：
Wherein: e (E) B The specific energy of the machine is standardized, and the pressure is MPa; w (W) B Is a standard weight on bit, kN, representative of the region; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is n B R/min, which is the rotation speed represented by the region; n is the rotating speed, r/min; h, the relative height of the abrasion of the drill bit is cm; ρ B The density of the drilling fluid is the area standard, g/cm3; ρ is the drilling fluid density, g/cm3; e (E) m Is the mechanical specific energy value, MPa; alpha is a weight on bit index, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to the rock property, and the average value is 0.437; beta is a rotation speed coefficient, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to rock properties, and the average value is 0.9981;
s9, collecting logging engineering data on site, including drilling pressure and torque, by using E in S8 B Calculation formula, automatic real-time calculation of normalized mechanical specific energy value E B And calculating the hardness, plasticity and drillability of the stratum according to the relation between the mechanical specific energy obtained in the steps S4 and S5 and the hardness, plasticity and drillability.
In step S1, rock hardness is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: p (P) y Rock hardness, MPa; p is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture, and N is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture; s is the bottom area of the pressing head of the pressing mold, mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the d is the diameter of a pressing head of the pressing mold, and mm;
the rock plasticity coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: k (K) p Is the plasticity coefficient of rock; a is that OABC Consuming part energy for rock breaking, N; a is that ODE Is elastic deformation energy and N.
In step S2, the rock drillability rating is calculated according to the following formula:
K d ＝log 2 t
wherein: k (K) d Is a rock drillability rating; t is the drilling time of the rock sample, min.
In step S3, the rock mechanical specific energy value is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: e is the mechanical specific energy, MPa; WOB is weight on bit, N; a is that b For bit area, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the T is torque, N.m; RPM is the rotating speed of the rotary table, r/min; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/min.
In the step S7 of the process,
the weight on bit correction formula:
wherein: w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; w (W) b Is the bottom hole weight, kN; mu (mu) well Is the friction coefficient of the well wall; alpha k Is a bottom hole well bevel;
torque correction formula:
wherein: m is M Total (S) N.m, which is the sum of the torque of the drill bit and the torque of the screw; w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; d (D) b The diameter of the drill bit, m; mu (mu) bit For a sliding friction factor related to the bit type, PDC bit takes 0.48 and roller cone bit takes 0.25; q is the displacement of the drilling tool per revolution, L/r; ΔP p Is the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the drilling tool and MPa.
In step S8, E is calculated according to the following formula m Mechanical specific energy value:
wherein: e (E) m The mechanical specific energy is MPa; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is the rotating speed, r/min; m corrected torque, N.m; v ROP The mechanical drilling speed is m/h; d, d b Is the diameter of the drill bit, mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the scheme, the laboratory method provided by the invention is utilized to establish the relation between the mechanical specific energy of igneous rock, clastic rock and carbonate rock and the drillability, hardness and plasticity of the rock, and in field application, a logging graph with three parameters changing along with the well depth is drawn while drilling, so that logging real-time engineering monitoring can be performed, technical means are provided for drill bit model selection according to the regional stratum characteristics combined with curve change, thereby reducing errors in the design of drill bit model selection and drilling engineering parameters, shortening the drilling period, reducing the drilling cost and improving the drilling efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of standard mechanical specific energy, hardness, plasticity, and drillability logging.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in FIG. 1, a method for obtaining drilling-resistant characteristic parameters based on logging-while-drilling data is disclosed, wherein a relation model of mechanical specific energy and stratum drillability, hardness and plasticity is established in a laboratory by utilizing micro-drilling tests, triaxial stress tests and the like of three main core samples (igneous rock, clastic rock and carbonate rock), and the drilling-while-drilling stratum drillability, hardness and plastic brittleness real-time curves and data are obtained by establishing a standardized logging mechanical specific energy model and calculating engineering parameters acquired by comprehensive logging-while-drilling, so that data support is provided for dynamic optimization of a drill bit; meanwhile, drillability, hardness and plasticity data of the stratum of the region are calculated by using regional drilling engineering parameters, and support is provided for drill bit model selection in regional drilling design through comprehensive analysis of the data.
The method comprises the following steps:
step S1, measuring the hardness Py and the plasticity coefficient Kp of the rock by using a full-automatic rock hardness tester;
(1) Preparing a rock sample: cutting rock into square (or cylindrical) bodies with the height not less than 50mm, grinding the end faces to be measured to enable the rock samples to be smooth and parallel to each other (the non-parallelism of the two end faces of the rock sample with the diameter of 50mm is not more than 0.5 mm), drying the rock samples in an oven at the temperature lower than 100 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours after the rock samples are prepared, and then placing the rock samples in a dryer for standby;
(2) Measuring the diameter d of the pressing head of the pressing mold;
(3) Placing a rock sample between a tray of an instrument and a pressure head, applying an axial load until the rock sample is broken (rattled), and recording displacement and load values after the point is tested;
(4) Moving the rock samples to ensure that the distance between the breaking pit of the first point and the second point is more than 10mm, and testing the second point according to the operation method, wherein each rock sample is 2-3 points;
(5) The rock hardness was calculated as follows:
in the middle of：P y Rock hardness, MPa; p is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture, and N is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture; s is the bottom area of the pressing head of the pressing mold, mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the d is the diameter of a pressing head of the pressing mold, and mm;
(6) The rock plasticity coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: k (K) p Is the plasticity coefficient of rock; a is that OABC Consuming part energy for rock breaking, N; a is that ODE Is elastic deformation energy and N.
S2, measuring the drillability level Kd of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
(1) Preparing a rock sample: preparing a rock sample into a cylinder (the diameter is 40-100mm, the height is 30-80 mm) or a cuboid (the length and the width are 100mm respectively, the height is 20-100 mm), and placing the rock sample in a drying oven with the temperature set to 105-110 ℃ for baking for 24 hours before a test, wherein the tolerance value of the parallelism of the end face is less than or equal to 0.2 mm;
(2) Selecting a corresponding weight on bit and placing the weight on a weight bracket;
(3) Placing the prepared sample on a core support, and downwards moving a hand wheel to clamp the rock sample;
(4) Rotating the hand pump to pressurize the piston cylinder and the energy accumulator, firstly enabling the drill to move upwards to prop against the bottom surface of the rock sample, then propping the weight to the highest point, then, turning back the hand pump to enable the weight to descend, observing the pressure gauge, stopping the hand pump, and enabling the pressure to rebound to a test specified value;
(5) After the pressure is stable, pressing a zero clearing button, and after displacement and time zero clearing, pressing the zero clearing button for resetting;
(6) Opening a motor switch;
(7) When the displacement is displayed to a specified value (2.6 mm for the roller bit mode and 4mm for the PDC bit mode), the motor switch is turned off after the motor stops rotating;
(8) Recording drilling time;
(9) And the handle of the hand pump is rotated anticlockwise, so that the weight and the drill bit are enabled to descend to the bottommost part, the hand wheel is loosened, and the rock sample is dismounted.
(10) The rock drillability rating is calculated as follows:
K d ＝log 2 t
wherein: k (K) d Is a rock drillability rating; t is the drilling time of the rock sample, min.
S3, measuring a mechanical specific energy value E of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
(1) The experimental flow is the same as the step S2;
(2) Recording load, displacement, rotating speed and torque values;
(3) The rock mechanical specific energy value is calculated as follows:
wherein: e is the mechanical specific energy, MPa; WOB is weight on bit, N; a is that b For bit area, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the T is torque, N.m; RPM is the rotating speed of the rotary table, r/min; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/min.
And S4, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy of the sand shale, igneous rock and carbonate rock and the hardness and plasticity coefficients according to the mechanical specific energy E and the results of the hardness Py and the plasticity coefficient Kp measured in the step S1, wherein the relation model is shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Step S5, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and drillability of the sandy rock, igneous rock and carbonate rock according to the mechanical specific energy E and the drillability grade value Kd measured in step S2, wherein the relation model is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
S6, collecting logging engineering data, including weight on bit, torque, drilling time, turntable torque and the like, by using a comprehensive logging instrument on a drilling site;
s7, correcting the weight on bit and the torque;
the weight on bit correction formula:
wherein: w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; w (W) b Is the bottom hole weight, kN; mu (mu) well Is the friction coefficient of the well wall; alpha k Is a bottom hole well bevel;
torque correction formula:
wherein: m is M Total (S) N.m, which is the sum of the torque of the drill bit and the torque of the screw; w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; d (D) b The diameter of the drill bit, m; mu (mu) bit For a sliding friction factor related to the bit type, PDC bit takes 0.48 and roller cone bit takes 0.25; q is the displacement of the drilling tool per revolution, L/r; ΔP p Is the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the drilling tool and MPa.
Calculating corrected mechanical specific energy E using corrected weight on bit and torque m ，E m The calculation formula of (2) is obtained by deforming the calculation formula of the mechanical specific energy E:
wherein: e (E) m Is a machineSpecific energy, MPa; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is the rotating speed, r/min; m corrected torque, N.m; v ROP The mechanical drilling speed is m/h; d, d b Is the diameter of the drill bit, mm.
Step S8, utilizing the corrected mechanical specific energy E m The normalized mechanical specific energy E is calculated according to the following formula B ：
Wherein: e (E) B The specific energy of the machine is standardized, and the pressure is MPa; w (W) B Is a standard weight on bit, kN, representative of the region; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is n B R/min, which is the rotation speed represented by the region; n is the rotating speed, r/min; h, the relative height of the abrasion of the drill bit is cm; ρ B The density of the drilling fluid is the area standard, g/cm3; ρ is the drilling fluid density, g/cm3; e (E) m Is the mechanical specific energy value, MPa; alpha is a weight on bit index, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to the rock property, and the average value is 0.437; beta is a rotation speed coefficient, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to rock properties, and the average value is 0.9981.
S9, collecting logging engineering data including weight on bit and torque by using the E obtained in the step S8 by using the on-site comprehensive logging instrument B And (3) calculating a calculation formula, automatically calculating a standard mechanical specific energy value EB in real time, calculating the hardness, plasticity and drillability of the stratum according to the relation between the mechanical specific energy obtained in the steps S4 and S5 and the hardness, plasticity and drillability, drawing a longitudinal continuous stratum standard mechanical specific energy, hardness, plasticity and drillability drilling resistance characteristic parameter curve (see figure 2) by taking the well depth as a longitudinal coordinate, and providing a technical means for selecting the drill bit according to the characteristic of the stratum of the curve change combined region.
The invention establishes a relation model of mechanical specific energy and stratum drillability, hardness and plasticity by utilizing micro-drilling tests, triaxial stress tests and the like of three main core samples (igneous rock, clastic rock and carbonate rock) in a laboratory, calculates and obtains real-time curves and data of the stratum drillability, hardness and plastic brittleness while drilling by utilizing engineering parameters acquired by comprehensive logging while drilling through establishing a standardized logging mechanical specific energy model, and provides data support for dynamic optimization of a drill bit; meanwhile, drillability, hardness and plasticity data of the stratum of the region are calculated by using regional drilling engineering parameters, and support is provided for drill bit model selection in regional drilling design through comprehensive analysis of the data.
Claims (6)
1. A method for solving anti-drilling characteristic parameters based on logging while drilling data is characterized in that:
step S1, measuring the hardness Py and the plasticity coefficient Kp of the rock by using a full-automatic rock hardness tester;
s2, measuring the drillability level Kd of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
s3, measuring a mechanical specific energy value E of the rock by using a full-automatic rock drillability tester;
step S4, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and the hardness and the plastic coefficient according to the mechanical specific energy E and the results of the hardness Py and the plastic coefficient Kp measured in the step S1;
step S5, fitting a relation model of the mechanical specific energy and the drillability according to the mechanical specific energy E and the drillability level value Kd measured in the step S2;
s6, acquiring logging engineering data including weight on bit and torque on site;
s7, correcting the weight on bit and the torque, and calculating the corrected mechanical specific energy E by using the corrected weight on bit and the corrected torque m ；
Step S8, utilizing the corrected mechanical specific energy E m The normalized mechanical specific energy E is calculated according to the following formula B ：
Wherein: e (E) B The specific energy of the machine is standardized, and the pressure is MPa; w (W) B Is a standard weight on bit, kN, representative of the region; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is n B R/min, which is the rotation speed represented by the region; n is the rotating speed, r/min; h drill bit millLoss of relative height, cm; ρ B The density of the drilling fluid is the area standard, g/cm3; ρ is the drilling fluid density, g/cm3; e (E) m Is the mechanical specific energy value, MPa; alpha is a weight on bit index, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to the rock property, and the average value is 0.437; beta is a rotation speed coefficient, dimensionless, the numerical value is related to rock properties, and the average value is 0.9981;
s9, collecting logging engineering data on site, including drilling pressure and torque, by using E in S8 B Calculation formula, automatic real-time calculation of normalized mechanical specific energy value E B And calculating the hardness, plasticity and drillability of the stratum according to the relation between the mechanical specific energy obtained in the steps S4 and S5 and the hardness, plasticity and drillability.
2. The method for determining the anti-drilling characteristic parameter based on logging while drilling data according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S1, rock hardness is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: p (P) y Rock hardness, MPa; p is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture, and N is the load when the rock is subjected to brittle fracture; s is the bottom area of the pressing head of the pressing mold, mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the d is the diameter of a pressing head of the pressing mold, and mm;
the rock plasticity coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: k (K) p Is the plasticity coefficient of rock; a is that OABC Consuming part energy for rock breaking, N; a is that ODE Is elastic deformation energy and N.
3. The method for determining the anti-drilling characteristic parameter based on logging while drilling data according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S2, the rock drillability rating is calculated according to the following formula:
K d ＝log 2 t
wherein: k (K) d Is a rock drillability rating; t is the drilling time of the rock sample, min.
4. The method for determining the anti-drilling characteristic parameter based on logging while drilling data according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S3, the rock mechanical specific energy value is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: e is the mechanical specific energy, MPa; WOB is weight on bit, N; a is that b For bit area, m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the T is torque, N.m; RPM is the rotating speed of the rotary table, r/min; ROP is the rate of penetration, m/min.
5. The method for determining the anti-drilling characteristic parameter based on logging while drilling data according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S7 of the process,
the weight on bit correction formula:
wherein: w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; w (W) b Is the bottom hole weight, kN; mu (mu) well Is the friction coefficient of the well wall; alpha k Is a bottom hole well bevel;
torque correction formula:
wherein: m is M Total (S) N.m, which is the sum of the torque of the drill bit and the torque of the screw; w is the wellhead weight on bit, kN; d (D) b The diameter of the drill bit, m; mu (mu) bit For a sliding friction factor related to the bit type, PDC bit takes 0.48 and roller cone bit takes 0.25; q is the displacement of the drilling tool per revolution, L/r; ΔP p Is the pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the drilling tool and MPa.
6. The method for determining the anti-drilling characteristic parameter based on logging while drilling data as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
in step S7, E is calculated according to the following formula m Mechanical specific energy value:
wherein: e (E) m The mechanical specific energy is MPa; w (W) b kN is used for correcting the post-drilling weight; n is the rotating speed, r/min; m corrected torque, N.m; v ROP The mechanical drilling speed is m/h; d, d b Is the diameter of the drill bit, mm.
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| CN117763466A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-26 | 中石化经纬有限公司 | stratum drillability evaluation method and system based on clustering algorithm |
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| CN117763466A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-26 | 中石化经纬有限公司 | stratum drillability evaluation method and system based on clustering algorithm |
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