CN116736023A

CN116736023A - Method and device for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of vehicle and electronic device

Info

Publication number: CN116736023A
Application number: CN202310868714.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾佳; 薛士栋; 张凯; 韩宏纪
Original assignee: FAW Group Corp
Current assignee: FAW Group Corp
Priority date: 2023-07-14
Filing date: 2023-07-14
Publication date: 2023-09-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle and an electronic device, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. Wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an object to be detected, wherein the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle; carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested; performing wire harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness test result, wherein the wire harness test result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested; and determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table. The invention solves the technical problems of lower comprehensiveness and lower accuracy caused by the fact that the related technology detects the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle by referring to the ISO11452-2 standard.

Description

Method and device for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of vehicle and electronic device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of vehicle technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle, and an electronic device.

Background

With the rapid development of vehicle technology, the electromagnetic compatibility standards of vehicles are improved. The excellent electromagnetic compatibility can ensure that the vehicle can work normally in the electromagnetic interference environment, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic interference can not cause interference to other equipment and systems. Therefore, an evaluation method for electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle is necessary.

At present, the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle is detected by referring to the ISO11452-2 standard, but the method only refers to the existing standard to detect the vehicle, so that the comprehensiveness is low and the accuracy is low.

In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle and an electronic device, which at least solve the technical problems of low comprehensiveness and low accuracy caused by detecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle by referring to the ISO11452-2 standard in the related technology.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle, including: acquiring an object to be detected, wherein the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle; carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested; performing wire harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness test result, wherein the wire harness test result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested; and determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

Optionally, the surface test includes a first surface test and a second surface test, where the first surface test is used for performing a central test on the object to be tested, the second surface test is used for performing an edge test on the object to be tested, and the surface test is performed on the object to be tested, and the obtaining the surface test result includes: responding to the fact that the object to be tested meets a first preset condition, and performing a first surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a first surface test result; or, responding to the fact that the object to be tested meets a second preset condition, and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result; and determining a surface test result according to the first surface test result and the second surface test result.

Optionally, performing a first surface test on the object to be tested, where obtaining a first surface test result includes: acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements; performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result, wherein the second surface test result comprises: acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements; and carrying out a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, where obtaining a first surface test result includes: respectively carrying out horizontal central test and vertical central test on an object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, wherein the obtaining of a second surface test result comprises the following steps: and respectively carrying out horizontal edge test and vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, performing a harness test on the object to be tested, where obtaining a harness test result includes: and carrying out wire harness test on each group of wire harnesses in the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a wire harness test result.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an evaluation device for electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle, including: the system comprises an acquisition module, a communication module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring an object to be detected, and the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle; the surface test module is used for carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested; the wire harness testing module is used for carrying out wire harness testing on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness testing result, wherein the wire harness testing result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested; the determining module is used for determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

Optionally, the surface test module is further configured to perform a first surface test on the object to be tested in response to the object to be tested conforming to a first preset condition, so as to obtain a first surface test result; or, responding to the fact that the object to be tested meets a second preset condition, and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result; and determining a surface test result according to the first surface test result and the second surface test result.

Optionally, the surface test module is further configured to obtain a preset test parameter table, where the preset test parameter table is used to reflect a test requirement; performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result, wherein the second surface test result comprises: acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements; and carrying out a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, the surface test module is further configured to perform a horizontal central test and a vertical central test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, so as to obtain a first surface test result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, wherein the obtaining of a second surface test result comprises the following steps: and respectively carrying out horizontal edge test and vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, the wire harness testing module is further configured to perform wire harness testing on each group of wire harnesses in the object to be tested according to a preset testing parameter table, so as to obtain a wire harness testing result.

Optionally, the determining module is further configured to classify the surface test result and the wire harness test result according to a preset evaluation table to obtain a classification result, where the classification result is used to reflect the degree of influence of the object to be tested on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle; and determining an evaluation result according to the classification result.

According to one embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle, including: the system comprises an object to be tested, a traditional electromagnetic compatibility testing system and a testing antenna, wherein the object to be tested is used for providing communication service in a vehicle, the testing distance between the testing antenna and the object to be tested is determined based on preset conditions, and the preset conditions are used for representing basic information of the object to be tested.

According to one embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a vehicle for performing the method of evaluating electromagnetic compatibility performance of the vehicle in any one of the above.

According to an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to perform the method of evaluating electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle in any one of the above when running on a computer or a processor.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device including a memory in which a computer program is stored, and a processor configured to run the computer program to perform the method of evaluating electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle in any one of the above.

In the embodiment of the invention, the object to be tested is obtained, the object to be tested is used for providing communication service in a vehicle, and surface test is carried out on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested, harness test is carried out on the object to be tested to obtain a harness test result, the harness test result is used for reflecting the harness disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested, and finally an evaluation result is determined according to the surface test result, the harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, so that the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle can be evaluated more comprehensively, the comprehensiveness is higher, the accuracy is higher, and the technical problems that the related technology detects the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle by referring to the ISO11452-2 standard, and the comprehensiveness is lower are solved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 (a) is a top view of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 1 (b) is a diagram of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a power amplifier calibration layout according to one embodiment of the application;

fig. 3 (a) is an overall plan view (standard position) diagram of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 (b) is an overall top view (alternative position) of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is an overall front view of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a flowchart of an evaluation method of electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of a horizontal center test according to one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 (b) is a vertical center test schematic according to one embodiment of the application;

FIG. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a horizontal edge test according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of a vertical edge test according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a harness test according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a block diagram of a structure of an evaluation device of electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For ease of understanding, a description of some of the concepts related to the embodiments of the invention are given by way of example for reference.

The following is shown:

electromagnetic compatibility standard test of vehicle: refers to the process of evaluating and verifying the performance of a vehicle and its associated equipment in an electromagnetic environment. The test is intended to ensure that the vehicle is able to function properly in an electromagnetic interference environment without interfering with other equipment and systems. In the electromagnetic compatibility standard test of a vehicle, the following aspects are generally involved: electromagnetic radiation test: and evaluating whether the electromagnetic radiation level generated by the vehicle and related equipment in the working state meets the specified limit value so as to avoid interference to other equipment and systems. Electromagnetic immunity test: and evaluating the resistance of the vehicle and related equipment to external electromagnetic interference, and ensuring that the vehicle and the related equipment can work normally without being interfered. Electromagnetic resistance test: the tolerance of the vehicle and its related equipment to abnormal electromagnetic environments such as electromagnetic pulses, electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic discharges, etc. is evaluated to ensure its proper operation and safety under these environments. Electromagnetic conduction test: electromagnetic compatibility between various electronic devices inside the vehicle is evaluated to avoid mutual interference.

ISO 11452-2 standard: one standard established by the international organization for standardization is entitled "road vehicle electromagnetic compatibility test method part 2: an RF electric field is applied across the vehicle cable and connector. The standard specifies a test method of applying a Radio Frequency (RF) electric field in the vehicle electrical system to evaluate electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle-mounted cable and the connector. This criterion is important for evaluating electromagnetic interference and immunity in the vehicle electrical system to ensure proper operation and safety of the vehicle electronics.

Portable transmitter: a portable and operable radio transmitting device is commonly used in vehicles. Radio signals may be transmitted for communication with other radio devices, such as interphones, radio receivers, etc. Portable transmitters are typically of compact and lightweight design, and are easy to carry and use. Can be used in vehicles for a variety of purposes including fleet communication, emergency communication, remote control and navigation, and the like.

GB/T33014.9 Standard: is part of the national standard (GB/T) entitled "information technology RFID (radio frequency identification) device Performance test method and assessment part 9: radio frequency tag-read distance). The standard prescribes a test method and an evaluation index of the reading distance of the radio frequency tag, and the test method and the evaluation index are used for evaluating the performance and the reliability of the radio frequency tag. The standard is applicable to the manufacturer, vendor, and user of the RFID device, among other relevant aspects.

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an embodiment of a method of evaluating electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle, it being noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that herein.

The method embodiments may be performed in an electronic device, similar control device or system that includes a memory and a processor. Taking an electronic device as an example, the electronic device may include one or more processors and memory for storing data. Optionally, the electronic apparatus may further include a communication device for a communication function and a display device. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing structural descriptions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the structure of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device may also include more or fewer components than the above structural description, or have a different configuration than the above structural description.

The processor may include one or more processing units. For example: the processor may include a processing device of a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a graphics processor (graphics processing unit, GPU), a digital signal processing (digital signal processing, DSP) chip, a microprocessor (microcontroller unit, MCU), a programmable logic device (field-programmable gate array, FPGA), a neural network processor (neural-network processing unit, NPU), a tensor processor (tensor processing unit, TPU), an artificial intelligence (artificial intelligent, AI) type processor, or the like. Wherein the different processing units may be separate components or may be integrated in one or more processors. In some examples, the electronic device may also include one or more processors.

The memory may be used to store a computer program, for example, a computer program corresponding to the method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention, and the processor implements the method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle described above by running the computer program stored in the memory. The memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid state memory. In some examples, the memory may further include memory remotely located with respect to the processor, which may be connected to the electronic device through a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

The communication device is used to receive or transmit data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the mobile terminal. In one example, the communication device includes a network adapter (network interface controller, NIC) that can connect to other network devices through the base station to communicate with the internet. In one example, the communication device may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module for communicating with the internet wirelessly.

Display devices may be, for example, touch screen type liquid crystal displays (liquid crystal display, LCDs) and touch displays (also referred to as "touch screens" or "touch display screens"). The liquid crystal display may enable a user to interact with a user interface of the mobile terminal. In some embodiments, the mobile terminal has a graphical user interface (graphical user interface, GUI) with which a user can interact with the GUI by touching finger contacts and/or gestures on the touch-sensitive surface, where the human-machine interaction functionality optionally includes the following interactions: executable instructions for performing the above-described human-machine interaction functions, such as creating web pages, drawing, word processing, making electronic documents, games, video conferencing, instant messaging, sending and receiving electronic mail, talking interfaces, playing digital video, playing digital music, and/or web browsing, are configured/stored in a computer program product or readable storage medium executable by one or more processors.

In this embodiment, there is provided an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle, including: the system comprises an object to be tested, a traditional electromagnetic compatibility testing system and a testing antenna, wherein the object to be tested is used for providing communication service in a vehicle, the testing distance between the testing antenna and the object to be tested is determined based on preset conditions, and the preset conditions are used for representing basic information of the object to be tested.

Wherein, traditional electromagnetic compatibility capability test system can include:

the embodiments of the invention are not limited by the use of wiring harnesses, analog loads, power supplies, artificial power networks, ground planes, low relative permittivity material supports, analog portable transmitter antennas, excitation and detection systems, high quality double shielded coaxial cables (50Ω), wall-through connectors, radio frequency signal generators for analog portable transmitters, amplifiers, directional couplers and power meters, radio frequency wave absorbing materials, axis or patch planes of dipoles, insulating supports, and coaxial cables.

Fig. 1 (a) is a plan view of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 (a), the structure of the electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus is specifically shown in fig. 1 (a), and from the plan view, the tested object is overlapped on the low relative dielectric constant material support, the simulated portable transmitter antenna is connected with the tested object, one end of the wire harness is connected with the simulated load, the other end of the wire harness is connected with the simulated load, the simulated load is connected with the artificial power network, the artificial power network is connected with the power supply, and the ground plate is connected with the artificial power network. The simulation load is also connected with an excitation and detection system, and in addition, a high-quality double-layer shielding coaxial cable (50Ω), a wall-penetrating connector, a radio frequency signal generator for simulating the portable transmitter, an amplifier, a directional coupler and a power meter are sequentially connected.

Fig. 1 (b) is a diagram of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 (b), fig. 1 (b) specifically shows a structure of the electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus, in which a simulated portable transmitter antenna is placed on a tested object, and the simulated portable transmitter antenna is provided with an axis or patch plane of a dipole and is connected to an insulating support and a coaxial cable. Meanwhile, the simulated portable transmitter antenna is connected with the coaxial cable, wherein the installation distance and error between the components can be referred to as shown in the figure, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

Alternatively, before the electromagnetic compatibility testing device of the vehicle is used for electromagnetic compatibility testing, the power amplifier can be calibrated, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited. It will be appreciated that if the object to be tested is connected or powered by a wireless beam, such as a keyless entry system, the test may be performed in a shielded darkroom without the need for a harness connection and power supply, and the darkroom meets the ISO11452-2 requirements, and the power amplifier needs to be calibrated before the test is performed.

Fig. 2 is a power amplifier calibration layout according to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, and in fig. 2, the power amplifier calibration layout includes a signal generator, an amplifier, a coupler, a power meter, a power sensor, a spectrum analyzer, and an antenna. The signal generator, the amplifier and the coupler are sequentially connected, the coupler is respectively connected with the two power sensors, the two power sensors are respectively connected with the two power meters and are simultaneously connected with the spectrum analyzer, and meanwhile, the coupler is connected with the antenna, wherein the installation distance and the error among all the components can be shown by referring to the figure, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

Fig. 3 (a) is a top view (standard position) of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3 (a), an object to be tested may be connected to a high-quality double-shielded coaxial cable along a wall direction, and then sequentially connected to a through-wall connector.

Fig. 3 (b) is an overall plan view (alternative position) of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3 (a), an object to be tested may be connected to a high-quality double-shielded coaxial cable in a direction opposite to a wall, and then sequentially connected to a radio frequency signal generator, an amplifier, a directional coupler, and a power meter for simulating a portable transmitter.

Fig. 4 is an overall front view of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, and fig. 4 includes: the device comprises an object to be tested, a wire harness, an analog load, a power supply, a grounding plate, an insulating pad, a manual power supply network, a radiation emitting antenna, a control and monitoring system, a shielding coaxial cable, a connector and a radio frequency signal generator.

It can be understood that, when the surface test is performed on the object to be tested, the test device in fig. 1 to 4 may be used to test the object to be tested, and in the test process, the anti-interference antenna may be placed directly above the connecting harness of the object to be tested, where the test antenna may be selected as the schwarzbeck SBA9113 antenna and the SBA9119 antenna, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The distance between the test antenna and the object to be tested may be 5mm or 50mm, and the specific placement distance of the test antenna may be set according to the following table 1, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 1 Table of the distance relationship between the antenna and the measured part

As shown in table 1 above, the test distance between the test antenna and the object to be tested is determined based on the basic information of the object to be tested, and when the object to be tested includes its connector, harness, and part close to the transmitter, excluding the parts in the engine compartment, the distance between the antenna and the object to be tested is 50mm, the antenna placement distance is 100mm, and when the object to be tested (DUT) directly contacting the transmitter, such as a remote key, the antenna placement distance is 5mm, the antenna placement distance is 30mm, the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

In this embodiment, there is provided a method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle running on an electronic device, and fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the flowchart including the steps of:

step S50, obtaining an object to be detected;

wherein the object to be measured is used for providing communication services in the vehicle.

It will be appreciated that electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle may be reflected in electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic immunity, electromagnetic tolerance, electromagnetic conduction, etc., and that the interference immunity of a device in a vehicle, such as a portable transmitter, for providing communication services may reflect electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle to some extent.

This step may be understood as acquiring an object to be tested for providing communication services in a vehicle, for example, a portable transmitter, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited.

Step S51, carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result;

the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested.

This step may be understood as performing a surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested, alternatively, the surface test may be performed on the object to be tested by using the test apparatus shown in fig. 1 to 4, and meanwhile, the state change of the object to be tested in the detection process may be recorded in real time by using the monitoring system.

Alternatively, the surface test result of the object to be tested may be determined by monitoring the state change of the object to be tested recorded in real time by the system, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Step S52, performing harness testing on the object to be tested to obtain a harness testing result;

the wire harness test result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested.

The step can be understood as performing harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a harness test result for reflecting the harness noise immunity of the object to be tested, alternatively, the harness test can be performed on the object to be tested by the test device in fig. 1-4, and meanwhile, the state change of the object to be tested in the detection process can be recorded in real time by the monitoring system, so that the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

Optionally, the harness test result of the object to be tested may be determined by monitoring the state change of the object to be tested recorded in real time by the system, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

And step S53, determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table.

The method comprises the steps of determining the influence degree of a surface test result and a wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle respectively, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

The step can be understood as determining an evaluation result for embodying electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle according to a surface test result for embodying surface disturbance rejection of the object to be tested, a harness test result for embodying harness disturbance rejection of the object to be tested, and a preset evaluation table for determining the degree of influence of the surface test result and the harness test result on electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, respectively.

Alternatively, the degree of influence of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle may be determined according to a preset evaluation table, so as to determine whether the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle is good or bad, that is, the evaluation result, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.

Through the steps, the object to be tested is used for providing communication service in the vehicle, and surface testing is carried out on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested, harness testing is carried out on the object to be tested to obtain a harness test result, the harness test result is used for reflecting the harness disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested, and finally an evaluation result is determined according to the surface test result, the harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, so that the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle can be evaluated more comprehensively, the comprehensiveness is higher, the accuracy is higher, and the technical problems that the related technology is used for detecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle by referring to the ISO11452-2 standard, and the comprehensiveness is lower are solved.

Optionally, in step S51, the surface test includes a first surface test and a second surface test, where the first surface test is used for performing a central test on the object to be tested, the second surface test is used for performing an edge test on the object to be tested, and performing the surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result may include the following execution steps:

step S510, responding to the object to be tested to meet a first preset condition, and performing a first surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a first surface test result; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,

the first preset condition may be understood as that the basic information of the object to be tested is not directly contacted with the transmitter, that is, the testing distance between the antenna and the object to be tested is larger, and the step may be understood as that when the basic information of the object to be tested is not directly contacted with the transmitter, that is, the testing distance between the antenna and the object to be tested is larger, the first surface test is performed on the object to be tested, so as to obtain the first surface test result.

Step S511, in response to the object to be tested conforming to the second preset condition, performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result;

the second preset condition may be understood as a condition that the basic information of the object to be tested is in direct contact with the transmitter, that is, the test distance between the antenna and the object to be tested is smaller, and the step may be understood as performing the second surface test on the object to be tested when the basic information of the object to be tested is in direct contact with the transmitter, that is, the test distance between the antenna and the object to be tested is smaller, so as to obtain a second surface test result.

Step S512, determining the surface test result according to the first surface test result and the second surface test result.

This step can be understood as determining a surface test result for embodying the surface noise immunity of the object to be measured from both the surface results of the object to be measured in both cases of direct contact with the transmitter and without direct contact with the transmitter.

Optionally, in step S510, performing a first surface test on the object to be tested, to obtain a first surface test result may include the following performing steps:

step S5100, a preset test parameter table is obtained;

the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements.

This step may be understood as obtaining a preset test parameter table for reflecting a test requirement, alternatively, a first surface test may be performed on the object to be tested based on frequency and power intensity, to obtain a first surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Illustratively, the preset test parameter table may be shown in the following table 2:

table 2 preset test parameter table

As shown in table 2, the first surface test may be performed on the object to be tested through the frequency and the power intensity, and different power intensity levels may be set at the same time, and the test device in fig. 1-4 may be debugged through different modulation modes corresponding to different frequencies and different power intensities, so that the first surface test may be performed on the object to be tested, and the first surface test result may be obtained.

Step S5101, performing a first surface test on an object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result;

the step can be understood as performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table for reflecting the test requirement, and obtaining a first surface test result.

Specifically, the first surface test may be performed on the object to be tested by the test apparatus in fig. 1 to 4 according to the preset test parameter table shown in table 2, to obtain the first surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

In step S511, performing the second surface test on the object to be tested, to obtain the second surface test result may include the following performing steps:

step S5110, a preset test parameter table is obtained;

the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements.

This step may be understood as obtaining a preset test parameter table for reflecting the test requirement, and optionally, the second surface test may be performed on the object to be tested based on the frequency and the power intensity to obtain the second surface test result. Illustratively, the preset test parameter table may be as shown in the above table 2, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.

Step S5111, performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

The step can be understood as performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table for reflecting the test requirement, and obtaining a second surface test result.

Specifically, the second surface test may be performed on the object to be tested by the test apparatus in fig. 1 to 4 according to the preset test parameter table shown in table 2, to obtain the second surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Optionally, in step S5101, performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, and obtaining a first surface test result may include the following performing steps:

step S51010, respectively performing a horizontal central test and a vertical central test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result;

it will be appreciated that a comprehensive surface test is required for all positions of the object to be tested, a horizontal central test may be understood as a horizontal surface test starting from a surface central position of the object to be tested, and a vertical central test may be understood as a vertical surface test starting from a surface central position of the object to be tested.

Alternatively, the test device in fig. 1 to 4 may perform the horizontal center test and the vertical center test on the object to be tested according to table 2 to obtain the first surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

For example, when the distance between the test antenna and the object to be tested is 50mm, the test space is 100mm×100mm, the moving step is 100mm, the antenna is placed parallel to the wire of the tested component and is opposite to the center of the tested surface, the object to be tested is tested in a horizontal center according to table 2 by the test device in fig. 1-4, and then the antenna is rotated by 90 degrees to obtain the first surface test result by the test device in fig. 1-4 according to table 2.

Fig. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of a horizontal center test according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 (a), in which an antenna is placed parallel to a wire of a tested part and is opposite to the center of a tested surface, according to table 2, and the tested object is tested by the test device in fig. 1-4, and fig. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of a vertical center test according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 (b), in which the antenna is rotated 90 degrees, according to table 2, and the tested object is tested by the test device in fig. 1-4, and a first surface test result is obtained, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

In step S5111, performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table, to obtain a second surface test result may include the following execution steps:

and step S51110, respectively performing horizontal edge test and vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

It will be appreciated that a full surface test is required for all positions of the object to be tested, a horizontal edge test may be understood as a horizontal surface test starting from a surface edge position of the object to be tested, and a vertical edge test may be understood as a vertical surface test starting from a surface edge position of the object to be tested.

Alternatively, the test device in fig. 1 to fig. 4 may perform the horizontal edge test and the vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to table 2 to obtain the second surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

For example, when the distance between the test antenna and the object to be tested is 5mm, the test space is 30mm×30mm, the moving step is 30mm, the antenna is placed parallel to the wire of the tested component and opposite to the edge of the tested surface, the test device in fig. 1-4 performs horizontal edge test on the object to be tested according to table 2, and then the antenna is rotated 90 degrees to perform vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to table 2 by the test device in fig. 1-4, so as to obtain the second surface test result.

Fig. 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of a horizontal edge test according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7 (a), in which the antenna is placed parallel to the wire of the tested part and opposite to the edge of the tested surface in fig. 6 (a), according to the above table 2, the test device in fig. 1-4 performs the horizontal edge test on the tested object, and fig. 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of a vertical edge test according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7 (b), in which the antenna is rotated 90 degrees, according to the above table 2, and the test device in fig. 1-4 performs the vertical edge test on the tested object to obtain the second surface test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

In an alternative embodiment, if the object to be tested has a plurality of surfaces, the above-mentioned test operation needs to be performed on each surface, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited.

Optionally, in step S52, performing the harness test on the object to be tested, to obtain the harness test result may include the following execution steps:

and step S520, carrying out wire harness test on each group of wire harnesses in the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a wire harness test result.

The step can be understood as performing harness testing on each group of harnesses in the object to be tested according to a preset testing parameter table to obtain a harness testing result used for representing the harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested.

Alternatively, the wire harness test may be performed on each group of wire harnesses in the object to be tested by the test device in fig. 1 to 4 according to table 2, so as to obtain a wire harness test result, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a wire harness test according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, in which the center of the test antenna in fig. 8 is opposite to the center of the connection portion between the wire harness and the component, and the antenna is parallel to the wire harness, and the wire harness test result may be obtained by performing the wire harness test on each group of wire harnesses in the object to be tested by the test device in fig. 1 to 4 according to table 2.

Alternatively, in step S53, determining the evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result, and the preset evaluation table may include performing the steps of:

step S530, classifying the surface test result and the wire harness test result according to a preset evaluation surface to obtain a classification result;

the classification result is used for reflecting the influence degree of the object to be tested on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

This step may be understood as classifying the surface test result and the wire harness test result according to a preset evaluation table to obtain a classification result for reflecting the degree of influence of the object to be tested on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and alternatively, the preset evaluation table may be as shown in the following table 3, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE 3 preset evaluation chart

Test intensity level requirement	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3
				Intensity level 1	State I	State I	-
Intensity level 2	State II	State II	State I

As shown in table 3, the intensity levels in table 3 may refer to the power intensity levels in table 2, and the state i may be understood as a state in which the functional state of the object to be tested meets the design requirement before, during, and after the test is completed, and the state ii may be understood as a state in which the functional state of the object to be tested fails to meet the design requirement during the test, but can automatically return to the normal state after the test, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

The class 1 may be understood that the malfunction of the object to be tested only has a slight or negligible effect on the vehicle, the class 2 may be understood that the malfunction of the object to be tested will have a reduced effect on the comfort of the vehicle, and the class 3 may be understood that the malfunction of the object to be tested will have a serious effect on the safety of the vehicle, which is not limited in the embodiment of the invention.

The state of the object to be tested can be determined in real time according to the surface test result and the wire harness test result determined in the steps, so that the degree of influence of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle is classified to obtain a classification result, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

And step S531, determining an evaluation result according to the classification result.

This step can be understood as determining an evaluation result for embodying electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle based on the classification result for embodying the degree of influence of the object to be measured on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle. It will be appreciated that the classification result indicates that the smaller the impact on the vehicle, the better the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.

From the description of the above embodiments, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, but of course also by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (e.g. ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) comprising instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

The embodiment also provides an electromagnetic compatibility testing device for a vehicle, which is used for implementing the foregoing embodiments and preferred embodiments, and is not described in detail. As used below, the term "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. While the means described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a structure of an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, exemplified by an electromagnetic compatibility testing apparatus 900 of a vehicle, the apparatus including: the device comprises an acquisition module 901, wherein the acquisition module 901 is used for acquiring an object to be detected, and the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle; the surface test module 902 is used for carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested; the wire harness testing module 903 is used for performing wire harness testing on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness testing result, wherein the wire harness testing result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested; the determining module 904 is configured to determine an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table, where the preset evaluation table is configured to determine an influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is configured to reflect the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

Optionally, the surface testing module 902 is further configured to perform a first surface test on the object to be tested in response to the object to be tested meeting a first preset condition, to obtain a first surface test result; or, responding to the fact that the object to be tested meets a second preset condition, and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result; and determining a surface test result according to the first surface test result and the second surface test result.

Optionally, the surface testing module 902 is further configured to obtain a preset test parameter table, where the preset test parameter table is used to reflect a test requirement; performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result, wherein the second surface test result comprises: acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements; and carrying out a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, the surface testing module 902 is further configured to perform a horizontal central test and a vertical central test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, so as to obtain a first surface testing result; performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table, wherein the obtaining of a second surface test result comprises the following steps: and respectively carrying out horizontal edge test and vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to a preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

Optionally, the harness testing module 903 is further configured to perform harness testing on each group of harnesses in the object to be tested according to a preset testing parameter table, so as to obtain a harness testing result.

Optionally, the determining module 904 is further configured to classify the surface test result and the wire harness test result according to a preset evaluation table to obtain a classification result, where the classification result is used to reflect the degree of influence of the object to be tested on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle; and determining an evaluation result according to the classification result.

It should be noted that each of the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware, and for the latter, it may be implemented by, but not limited to: the modules are all located in the same processor; alternatively, the above modules may be located in different processors in any combination.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a vehicle for performing the steps of any of the method embodiments described above.

Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the above-described vehicle may be configured to store a computer program for executing the steps of:

step S1, obtaining an object to be detected;

step S2, carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result;

S3, performing wire harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness test result;

and S4, determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the steps of any of the method embodiments described above when run on a computer or processor.

Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the above-described computer-readable storage medium may be configured to store a computer program for performing the steps of:

step S1, obtaining an object to be detected;

Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the above-described computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to: a usb disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media in which a computer program can be stored.

An embodiment of the invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory in which a computer program is stored and a processor arranged to run the computer program to perform the steps of any of the method embodiments described above.

Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the processor in the electronic device may be configured to execute the computer program to perform the steps of:

step S1, obtaining an object to be detected;

Alternatively, specific examples in this embodiment may refer to examples described in the foregoing embodiments and optional implementations, and this embodiment is not described herein.

The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology may be implemented in other manners. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely exemplary, and the division of the units, for example, may be a logic function division, and may be implemented in another manner, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some interfaces, units or modules, or may be in electrical or other forms.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.

The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle, comprising:

acquiring an object to be detected, wherein the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle;

carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested;

performing wire harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness test result, wherein the wire harness test result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested;

and determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface testing comprises a first surface testing for performing a center test on the object under test and a second surface testing for performing an edge test on the object under test, the performing a surface test on the object under test, the obtaining a surface test result comprising:

Responding to the to-be-tested object meeting a first preset condition, and performing a first surface test on the to-be-tested object to obtain a first surface test result; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,

responding to the to-be-tested object meeting a second preset condition, and performing a second surface test on the to-be-tested object to obtain a second surface test result;

and determining the surface test result according to the first surface test result and the second surface test result.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein performing a first surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a first surface test result comprises:

acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements;

performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a first surface test result;

and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a second surface test result, wherein the second surface test result comprises: acquiring a preset test parameter table, wherein the preset test parameter table is used for reflecting test requirements;

and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain a second surface test result.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein performing a first surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table, to obtain a first surface test result includes:

respectively performing a horizontal central test and a vertical central test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain the first surface test result;

and performing a second surface test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table, wherein obtaining a second surface test result comprises: and respectively performing horizontal edge test and vertical edge test on the object to be tested according to the preset test parameter table to obtain the second surface test result.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing a harness test on the object to be tested to obtain a harness test result includes:

and carrying out harness testing on each group of harnesses in the object to be tested according to the preset testing parameter list to obtain a harness testing result.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining an evaluation result from the surface test result, the harness test result, and a preset evaluation table comprises:

Classifying the surface test result and the wire harness test result according to the preset evaluation table to obtain a classification result, wherein the classification result is used for reflecting the influence degree of the object to be tested on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle;

and determining the evaluation result according to the classification result.

7. An electromagnetic compatibility testing device of a vehicle, characterized by comprising: the system comprises an object to be tested, a traditional electromagnetic compatibility testing system and a testing antenna, wherein the object to be tested is used for providing communication service in a vehicle, the testing distance between the testing antenna and the object to be tested is determined based on preset conditions, and the preset conditions are used for representing basic information of the object to be tested.

8. An evaluation device for electromagnetic compatibility of a vehicle, comprising:

the system comprises an acquisition module, a communication module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring an object to be detected, and the object to be detected is used for providing communication service in a vehicle;

the surface test module is used for carrying out surface test on the object to be tested to obtain a surface test result, wherein the surface test result is used for reflecting the surface disturbance rejection capability of the object to be tested;

The wire harness testing module is used for carrying out wire harness testing on the object to be tested to obtain a wire harness testing result, wherein the wire harness testing result is used for reflecting the wire harness anti-interference capability of the object to be tested;

the determining module is used for determining an evaluation result according to the surface test result, the wire harness test result and a preset evaluation table, wherein the preset evaluation table is used for respectively determining the influence degree of the surface test result and the wire harness test result on the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle, and the evaluation result is used for reflecting the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the method of evaluating electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6 when run on a computer or processor.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the memory has stored therein a computer program, the processor being arranged to run the computer program to perform the method of evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility performance of a vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6.